Copy this down before we start class
today…
Tuesday: Hwk: 22.2…body 1
 Wednesday: Hwk: 22.3…body 2
 Thursday: Hwk: 22.4…body 3
 Friday: Civil Rights Test…proof
read…Kennedy Reading
 Monday: Kennedy…any questions on DBQ
 Tuesday: DBQ Due

Civil Rights
Movement Begins
Part I
Time Line of Events

Close to 1 million Black
soldiers helped the Allies
win during WWII

Given new opportunities,
better jobs, and more
freedom

After war, Blacks still
treated as 2nd class
citizens


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
Holocaust in WWII
viewed as evil (Crimes
against humanity)
Cold War (Communist
leaders pointed out
flaws in America)
Influenced Americans
to view themselves
Many Americans to
view treatment towards
Blacks as wrong

The case involved Homer Plessy, a black
man who defied the laws of the land and sat
in the white section of a railroad car. Plessy
was initially fined $25, but he contested the
decision all the way to the Supreme Court.
The high court upheld the state’s separate
but equal doctrine.
Plessy vs. Ferguson allowed
for Jim Crow laws to exist. This
led to separate worlds for
Blacks. Schools, restaurants,
courthouses, bathrooms and
even drinking fountains were
also segregated. Although the
13th Amendment ban slavery,
Blacks still lived in bonds.
1948
Desegregation of the Armed Forces

President Truman
issues an Executive
Order integrating the
armed forces.

Many said this couldn’t
be done….but during
the Korean War (1951)
blacks and whites
fought alongside one
another.
Imagine you are a seven year old and have to walk one mile to
a bus stop by walking through a railroad switching station and
then waiting for a school bus to go to a "black elementary
school" or a school where only African American children went.
This is what happened to Linda Brown, an African American
third grader from Topeka, Kansas, even though there was a
"white elementary school" only seven blocks away. A "white
elementary school" was a school where only white students
were able to attend.
For every $150.00 spent on white children at the "white
schools" only $50.00 was spent on African American
children at the "black schools." The parents of the African
American children thought that their school was not treated
as fairly because they were colored. They did not have the
most current textbooks, not enough school supplies, and
overcrowded classrooms.
•1954 Wins Brown v.
Board of Education of
Topeka, landmark case
that demolishes legal
basis for segregation in
America
•Declared separate but
Thurgood Marshall –
equal unconstitutional
lawyer, Supreme Court
Justice
1955



Emmet Till Murdered
in Money, MS
Body is almost
unrecognizable
Body exhumed June
of 2005 in order to do
an autopsy to identify
murderers.
Rosa Parks courage led to the
Montgomery Bus Boycott. MLK
and others led a this protest of city
buses that lasted 13 months.
Later, the Supreme Court ruling
banned segregation of the city's
public transit vehicles went into
effect.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr eventually
became leader of the Civil Rights
movement after successfully leading
the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
"Nonviolence is the
greatest force at the
disposal of mankind.
It is mightier than the
mightiest weapon of
destruction devised by
the ingenuity of man."
"Gandhi was inevitable. If
humanity is to progress,
Gandhi is inescapable.
He lived, thought and acted,
inspired by the vision of
humanity evolving toward
a world of peace and
harmony.” Dr. King
•Greensboro, North Carolina is
where all the sit-ins began
•Many others followed
Police use dogs to quell civil unrest in
Birmingham, Ala., in May 1963.
Birmingham's police commissioner "Bull"
Connor also allowed fire hoses to be turned
on young civil rights demonstrators. These
measures set off a backlash of sentiment
that rejuvenated the civil rights movement.
We cannot solve this
problem with
retaliatory violence,"
King tells the crowd
calmly. "We must
meet violence with
nonviolence."
Different Groups



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Southern Christian Leadership Conference
(SCLC): headed by MLK Jr.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC): begins with college kids
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP)
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
1957
Little Rock Arkansas
An attempt was made to
integrate Central High
School with 9 black
students.
National Guard called in.
Soldiers “protected”
the black students.

Crisis in Little Rock


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Federal Govt. can make state’s follow rules
9 students are to be admitted to school
Gov. protests and federal troops have to be
sent in to make Arkansas follow the law
Troops remain there all year and escort
students to class
Eisenhower did little to fight the battle further
Kennedy and Civil Rights


Kennedy is afraid of losing southern
support
Freedom Riders head south


Sons of rich wealthy important people of the
north
Kennedy sends help and brings more
federal actions against the deep south
The first group of Freedom Riders, with the
intent of integrating interstate buses, left
Washington, D.C. by Greyhound bus in
early May 1961.
James Meredith,
center, was the first
African American
college student
accepted by the
University of
Mississippi. His
attendance provoked
riots. Here he is
escorted to class by
U.S. marshals and
troops. Oct. 2, 1962.
1963


SNCC turns to violence led
by H. Rap Brown and
Stokely Carmichael

Kennedy proposes a Civil
Rights Bill prohibiting
discrimination / LBJ passes
it in 1964 and follows with a
VRA in ‘65


March on Washington
“I Have a Dream” Speech
by King, Jr.
Assassinations
-Medgar Evers, NAACP
-President John F. Kennedy
The Rev. Martin Luther
King Jr. acknowledges
the crowd at the Lincoln
Memorial for his "I Have
a Dream" speech during
a march on Washington,
D.C., on Aug. 28, 1963.
About 250,000 people
attended the march to
urge support for
impending civil-rights
legislation.
•Freedom Summer was a highly publicized
campaign in the Deep South to register blacks
to vote during the summer of 1964.
•During the summer of 1964, thousands of civil
rights activists, many of them white college
students from the North, descended on
Mississippi and other Southern states to try to
end the long-time political disenfranchisement of
African Americans in the region.
•Three students (two white and one
black) are killed by the KKK for this
activity; the movie, “Mississippi
Burning” commemorates this event.
1964 Birmingham AL

King leads a march of 3,300 people in the
most segregated city in America and is
arrested (nicknamed “Bombingham”)

Writes “Letter from Birmingham Jail,”
King justified civil disobedience by
saying that without forceful action, true
civil rights would never be achieved.
Direct action is justified in the face of
unjust laws.
Important step in ensuring equal rights for
minorities
•Guaranteed equal access to public
accommodations, such as hotels.
•Disallowed unfair voter registration
requirements
•Challenged employers over
discrimination in hiring and employment
•Demanded that schools stop
discrimination.
Watts Riot (Los Angeles)
1965
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Riots by African - Americans lasted for six days,
leaving 34 dead, over a thousand people injured,
nearly 4,000 arrested, and hundreds of buildings
destroyed
Cause? State and local areas reacted too slowly
or blocked the enactment of the CRA ’64
Conclusion: riots weren't the act of thugs, but
rather symptomatic of much deeper problems: the
high jobless rate in the inner city, poor housing,
bad schools
Martin Luther King, Jr. 1968
Assassinations
Malcolm X
(1965)
Robert Kennedy 1968
Hosea Williams (left),
Jesse Jackson, Dr.
Martin Luther King
Jr., Rev. Ralph David
Abernathy on the
balcony of the
Lorraine Motel in
Memphis hotel, a day
before King's
assassination on
April 3,1968.
Black, white, young and old
sang "We Shall Overcome"
as they marched down Denny
Way to the Seattle Center to
honor Dr. Martin Luther King
Jr., who had been felled by an
assassin's bullet. The crowd
was estimated at 10,000.
April 7, 1968.
DBQ
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Document __#___
Explanation:
How does it support / refute the
philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr.?
How does it support / refute philosophy of
Malcolm X?
What data / supporting evidence does it
go with?
Group the documents

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Visual Introduction – Document 1
View of Integration – Documents 2 & 3
Education – Documents 4 & 5
Economic Tactics - Documents 6 &7
Violence (pros & cons) – Documents 8 & 9
Thesis Statement: Whose philosophy
made the most sense for America?

Martin Luther King Jr.’s or Malcolm X’s
philosophy made the most sense for
America due to 1)_______________,
2)______________ and 3)__________ .