Restoration & Enlightenment
1660-1798
England
Page 516
Restoration & Enlightenment
• King Charles II invited to the throne after
exile in France (Charles I had been
executed)
• England turned away from the grim era of
Cromwell’s Puritan rule (theaters were
closed, entertainment suspended)
• Charles II brought with him the glamour
and style of France
Restoration & Enlightenment
• 1665—Great Plague (100,000 dead)
• 1666—Great Fire of London (75% burned)
• King James II succeeded Charles II and
attempted to install Roman Catholicism as
the State religion
• James II was replaced by Protestant, Mary
and husband William (College in VA—
Educated 3 American presidents)
Restoration & Enlightenment
• 1702—Queen Anne took the throne
• Scotland united with England—became
Great Britain
• Queen Anne outlived all 16 of her children
• Another 100 year war with France
• George I, George II, George III (1760–
1820)—suffered from a mental illness
(porphyria vampire-sunlight & garlic)-lost American
Colonies
Restoration & Enlightenment
• 18th Century--Age of Reason
• John Locke-Philosopher-Tabula Rasa (blank
slate) Nature –vs- Nurture debate
• Isaac Newton—Father of Science (the most
influential man in history)
• Farming and livestock methods improved
• Displaced peasants who moved into the cities to
work in factories—industrial revolution
Restoration & Enlightenment
• Restoration—the return of the monarchy to
England
• Enlightenment—the philosophical
movement of the 18th century that
emphasized the use of reason
• Samuel Johnson (1755) published
Dictionary of the English Language—
40,000 words and definitions
Restoration & Enlightenment
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Great British authors of the R&E—
Samuel Pepys (Diary)
John Milton (Paradise Lost)
Daniel Defoe (Robinson Crusoe)
Jonathan Swift (Gulliver’s Travels)
The Diary of Samuel Pepys pg.525
• Samuel Pepys
• Began diary at age 26 (continued for over
40 years) wrote over 1.2 million words
• Helped save the Navy office during the
Great Fire of London
• Appointed as Sec of Navy—helped make
England a major sea power
The Diary of Samuel Pepys pg.525
• Firsthand account of events that occurred
over 300 years ago (1660-1669)
• Wrote in shorthand to ensure privacy of
his thoughts
• Diary—writer’s personal day-to-day
account of his or her experiences and
impressions (personal and public)
The Diary of Samuel Pepys
• Informal Diary writing—Pepsy writes in sentence
fragments, using participles only, ex. May
23…the King walking…his traveling…his
sitting…”
• Samuel’s account of King Charles II coronation
(restoration)
• Charles II account of his exile to France
• Through six weeks of narrow escaped Charles
managed to flee England in disguise, despite a
reward of £1,000 on his head, risk of death for
anyone caught helping him and the difficulty in
disguising Charles, who was unusually tall at
over 6 feet (185 cm) high.
The Diary of Samuel Pepys
• Firsthand account of the Great Fire of
London—1666
• Started in a Bakery on Pudding Lane,
destroyed 13,000 homes, only 16 deaths
• Firefighters used fire-breaks to stop the
fire; they blew up structures with
gunpowder
• Helped end the plague by killing rats
Start Here
Daniel Defoe
1660-1731
pg. 583
• Ups and downs in business as a merchant
• Wrote controversial Political pamphlets
• Put in the pillory or stocks and pelted with
flowers instead of rotten fruit
• Began writing novels in his late 50s.
• Robinson Crusoe was Defoe’s first Novel
Robinson Crusoe (pg. 566)
• Full title: The Life and Strange Surprising
Adventures of Robinson Crusoe of York,
Mariner
• Published 1719
• First important English novel (New)
• Classic adventure story
• Written in the first person POV
• Ordinary people in extraordinary situations
Robinson Crusoe continued
• Based on true story of a shipwrecked
sailor on a deserted island
• Although fiction, many believed it to be a
true account
• RC is basis for comic books, movies and
science fiction adventures
Robinson Crusoe continued
Crusoe learns valuable skills and lessons in
his 28 year ordeal:
• Craft tools, carpentry, pottery, agriculture
and animal husbandry
• Appreciates the moral and social values
back home in England
• Rescues “Friday” from cannibals
• Finally is rescued by passing ship which
he saves from mutineers
Castaway
Stop Here
GULLIVER’S TRAVELS
•
SATIRE--A literary technique in which
behaviors or institutions are ridiculed for
the purpose of improving society
•
EXAMPLES: SNL, COMICS,
CARICATURES, PARODIES
Examples of Satire
• “Weekend Update” from Saturday Night
Live
• The Daily Show
• the movie Scary Movie
• the movies of Austin Powers
• most political cartoons in newspapers and
magazines
• the songs of Weird Al Yankovic
Satire Today
SATIRE IN COMICS
CARICATURES
FANTASY
•
Literature in which the limits of reality are
purposely disregarded
Stop Here