Sisteme Incorporate – Curs11
Roboti mobili
Versus EV
Tendinte EV
Avantaje
Concepte esentiale
New Beetle Electric
Embedded Automotive – 200x
Pretul miscarii
Embedded Automotive 201x
De ce Electric Vehicle
1.
2.
3.
4.
Epuizarea resurselor bazate pe petrol
Poluare
Costuri ridicate
Existenta rezultate stiintifice aplicabile pentru:
- motoare cu randament mare
- baterii performante,
- sisteme alimentare/incarcare,
- computere pentru obtinere regimuri,
functionare stabile si eficiente.
Avantaje
• Emisii poluante chimice - zero . Energia pentru
incarcare poate fi generata in tehnologie green
• Poluare fonica - zero . Aproape nu se aud in mers.
• Eficiente - 85% din electricitatea consumata poate fi
convertita in miscare. Vehicolele clasice au randament de
max. 15-20%.
• Costuri deplasare - costul “combustibilului” este de
15% din cel al benzinei . Benzina se va scumpi !
• Independenta - electricitatea necesara incarcarii
bateriilor poate fi realizata acasa.
Dezavantaje
• Autonomie scazuta - cu un “plin” se parcurge 80-
100 Km ( baterii LiIon) – nerocomandate pentru trasee
lungi. ( Cu baterii recente – scumpe insa- se pot
parcurge aprox. 300-400km)
• Costuri mari pentru motor, controller si baterii. Exp:
motor 2-4000$, controller 1500$, baterii 1-30 000 $;
• Timpi mari alimentare – 2-6 ore incarcare baterii,
• In viitor - scaderea preturilor pt.
productia de masa ,
- dezvoltarea reteleor de PECO electric
EXCELENT PENTRU URBAN VEHICLE!
Solutie : conversie clasic-electric
New Beetle - electric
Rezervorul de “combustibil”
.
Componente principale
Alternative motor
AC
Motor Siemens tip 1PV4133WS20 – 30KW
AC - Alimentare
NetGain DC Motor
Large com bars securely
attached to arbor to prevent
lifing
Brushes pre-seated at over
90%
Heavy duty brush holders
Easy brush replacement
Sealed steel high temp
bearings
1 1/8" keyed drive shaft
Insulation exceeds Class "H"
ratings
Internal cooling fan
5,500 RPM
Model WarP 9
BLDC - http://www.adlee.com
e-Scooter Motor &Controller
http://www.adlee.com/e-scooter.htm
Baterii posibile
1. Li-Polymer battery. While still quite rare if scaled up to usable in EV size and up
front expensive, at least it became available. Treated right, can be less expensive in a
long run than lead acid batteries. Require sophisticated BMS (battery management
system).
2. Li-Ion battery. Not as expensive and LiP battery above, but the next best thing.
Technical requirements are the same as for LiP battery. Advantages (to me) are worth
trying these. Require sophisticated BMS (battery management system).
3. NiNaCl Zebra battery. Expensive, looks like sold to OEM only, and limited selection
(well matched to AC system requirements though).
4. NiZn battery - relatively new player on the market - comparable to NiMH and NiCd
and (recently became) far less expensive.
5. NiMH battery. Not available for non-technical reasons and may never be available to
you and to me.
6. NiCd battery. Realistically available from SAFT (France) or its subdivision ALCAD
(Sweden). Expensive up front, but cheap over its long life time.
7. PbA Gel Cell battery - quite a few choices.
8. PbA AGM sealed deep cycle battery - quite a few choices
9. PbA flooded battery - many choices.
Controller/invertor
The power inverter.
Manufacturer - Siemens AG
Cost - $3,800 iAvailable from Metric Mind Engineering
The power AC inverter is the main part of the electrical system of the car, and its
role is simple - to convert the battery energy to the form useable for the AC motor,
and to deliver right amount of this energy per driver's demand. While it doesn't
sound too complicated, to perform this task flawlessly the electronics gets quite
complex, and it is especially true for AC drive systems.
Functions:
- Convert (invert) the DC battery voltage to the 3 phase AC voltage;
- Adjust AC voltage amplitude and frequency based on the drive current demand
and instant conditions like RPM and torque
- Provide regenerative braking turning the traction motor into a generator for
recuperating kinetic energy back to the battery pack; so it has to convert generated
3 phase AC voltage back to DC before feeding the batteries,
http://www.evconvert.com/resources/
http://www.evconvert.com/resources/
http://www.e3car.eu/
http://www.avere.org