Chapter 1
Information Technology,
The Internet, and You
College of Computer and Information Science
Key Words & Terms
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application software: 应用软件
basic application: 基本应用软件
communication device: 通讯设备
compact disc（CD）: 紧凑格式盘
computer competency: 计算机技能
connectivity: 连通, 连通性
data: 数据
database file: 数据库文件
desktop computer: 台式计算机
digital versatile (video) disc: DVD, 数字式通用盘
document file: 文档文件
end user: 终端用户
floppy disk: 软盘
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Key Words & Terms
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handheld computer: 手提电脑
hard disk: 硬盘
hardware: 硬件
high definition (hi def): 高清(高清晰度)
information: 信息
information system: 信息系统
information technology (IT) : 信息技术
input device: 输入设备
Internet: 互联网
keyboard: 键盘
mainframe computer: 大型机
memory: 内存
microcomputer: 微型计算机
microprocessor: 微处理器
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Key Words & Terms
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midrange computer: 中型机
minicomputer: 小型机
modem (modulator & demodulator): 调制解调器
monitor: 监视器
mouse: 鼠标
network: 网络
notebook computer: 笔记本电脑
operating system (OS): 操作系统
optical disk: 光盘
output device: 输出设备
palm computer: 掌上电脑
personal digital assistant (PDA): 个人数字化助理
presentation file: 演示文稿
primary storage: 主存
printer: 打印机
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Key Words & Terms
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procedures: 过程/用户文档
program: 程序
random access memory (RAM): 可读写内存
secondary storage device: 辅助存储设备
software: 软件
specialized application: 专用应用软件
supercomputer: 超级计算机
system software: 系统软件
system unit: 系统单元
tablet PC: 带手写板的笔记本电脑
utility: 工具软件
Web: 网
wireless revolution: 无线（通讯）革命
worksheet file: 工作表文件
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Competencies (Page 1 of 2)
• Explain the five parts of an information system:
people, procedures, software, hardware, and data.
• Distinguish between system software and
application software.
• Discuss the three kinds of system software
programs.
• Distinguish between basic and specialized
application software.
• Identify the four types of computers and the four
type of microcomputers.
Page 2
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Competencies (Page 2 of 2)
• Describe the different types of computer
hardware including the system unit, input, output,
storage, and communication devices.
• Define data and describe document, worksheet,
database, and presentation files.
• Explain computer connectivity, the wireless
revolution, and the Internet.
Page 2
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Introduction
• Computer competency refers to acquiring computerrelated skills
• Microcomputers are common tools in all areas of life
• New forms of learning have developed
• New ways to communicate, to find people with
similar interests, and to buy goods are available.
Page 3
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Five Parts of an Information
System
1. People
2. Procedures
3. Software
Page 4
4. Hardware
5. Data
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People
• Most important part of any system
• Contact is …
– Direct
– Indirect
• Computer uses
– Business & Entertainment
– Education & Medicine
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Software
• AKA Programs
• Two major kinds of software
– System Software
– Application Software
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Hardware - Types of Computers
• Supercomputers
• Mainframe computers
• Minicomputers (also
known as mid-range
computers)
• Microcomputers
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Microcomputer Types
• Desktop
• Notebook or laptop
• Tablet PC
• Handheld
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Microcomputer Hardware
• Four basic categories of equipment:
– System Unit
– Input/Output
– Secondary Storage
– Communication
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System Unit
• Two important components
– Microprocessor
– Memory
Return
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Input/Output Devices
• Common input devices are the keyboard and the
mouse
• Common output devices are printers and monitors
Return
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Secondary Storage
• Unlike memory, secondary storage
holds data and programs even if
electrical power is not available
• The most important types of secondary
media are floppy, hard, and optical
disks
Return
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Communications
• Communication Devices provide microcomputers
with the ability to communicate with other computer
systems across the globe
• The modem is the most widely used communication
device
• Modems modify telephone communications into a
form that can be processed by a computer
• Modems also modify computer output into a form
that can be transmitted across standard telephone
lines
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Data
• Raw, unprocessed facts
• Processed data becomes information
• Stored electronically in files
– Document files
– Worksheet files
– Database files
– Presentation files
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Connectivity, the Wireless
Revolution, and the Internet
• Connectivity
– Sharing of information
– Wireless
communication is
becoming popular
• Computer networks
– Connected
communication
system of computers
– Largest network is the
Internet
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Careers In IT
• For a complete listing of
careers, visit
www.computing2008.com
keyword: careers
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Discussion Questions (Page 1 of 2)
• Explain the five parts of an information system. What
part do people play in this system?
• What is system software? What kinds of programs are
included in system software?
• Define and compare basic and specialized application
software. Describe some different types of basic
applications. Describe some types of specialized
applications.
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Discussion Questions (Page 2 of 2)
• Describe the different types of computers. What is
the most common type? What are the types of
microcomputers?
• What is connectivity? How are the wireless
revolution and connectivity related? What is a
computer network? What is the Internet? What is the
Web?
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The End of Chapter 1
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