U.S HISTORY
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Standard 1 review
Massachusetts
New York
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Standard 1.1
Virginia
South Carolina
New England
Middle
Southern
Comparing and
Contrasting
the 13
Colonies
NEW
ENGLAND
Key Colonies
MA, CT,RI,
Key Figures
Merchants
Economic
Activity
Ship building,
fishing and
trade
Religion
Puritans
Reason for
settling
Harbors
Comparing and
Contrasting
the 13
Colonies
MIDDLE
Key Colonies NY, Penn,
Maryland, DE
Key Figures
Farmers
Economic
Activity
Wheat, potato
crops
Religion
Catholic,
Quaker,
Protestant
Reason for
settling
Long growing
season
Comparing and
Contrasting
the 13
Colonies
SOUTHERN
Key Colonies SC, NC, VA
Key Figures
Plantation
owners
Economic
Activity
Tobacco and
rice plantations
Religion
Anglicans
Reason for
settling
Longest
growing season
Standard 1.2
British Influence on the Colonies
Rule of Law
Magna Carta
English Bill of Rights
Nobody is above
the law
Limited power
of the king
Rights the gov’t
can’t take away
Examples of Representative Government in the Colonies
Mayflower Compact
House of Burgess
Town Meetings
British Influence on
the Colonies
The British policy of salutary
neglect left the colonies to
govern themselves.
British Policy changed
after the French and
Indian War; Parliament
expected the colonies to
help pay the war debt and
started taxing the colonies.
Road to
Revolution
Stamp Act
Quartering Act
Townshend
Acts
Tea Act
Boston Tea
Party
Sons of
Liberty
Boston
Massacre
Boycott
Boston Tea
Party
Intolerable
Acts
Lexington &
Concord
1st Continental
Congress
Important Battles of the Revolutionary War
Saratoga
Yorktown
Convinced the French to help the U.S.
Ended the war
Standard 1.3
The Declaration stated
the principles of
equality, the natural
rights of life, liberty,
property,” the purpose
of government to
“secure those rights,”
and the “right of the
people to abolish or
overthrow”
government when
natural rights are not
protected by
government.
The Declaration of
Independence
influenced the Articles
of Confederation by
limiting the power of
the executive. The
Declaration of
Independence served
as an inspiration for
other countries to
overthrow corrupt
governments that
denied the natural
rights to life, liberty,
and the pursuit of
happiness.
Standard 1.4
The Articles of
Confederation
provided for a weak
central government.
This was evident after
farmers revolted
during Shays
Rebellion in
Massachusetts. The
government under the
Articles was powerless
to provide aid and
prompted the elite to
push for a stronger
national government.
Articles of
Confederation
“A Firm League of
Friendship
U.S. Constitution
“A More Perfect Union”
Representation
1 per state
Population/Equal
Taxation
No right to tax
Right to tax
Powers of Congress
Permission from the state In addition to the Articles…
Congress could tax
Amendments
unanimous
2/3 of Congress + 3/4 of States
The Constitutional Convention



May-September, 1787
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
For what purpose? amend the Articles
The Constitutional Convention
Conflict and Compromise at the
Constitutional Convention
Virginia Plan
Two-house legislature with
membership based on
population
New Jersey
Plan
One-house legislature with
each state having an equal
vote
Great
(Connecticut)
Compromise
Two-house Congress.
House of Representativesbased on population.
Senate—based equal
representation
3/5
3/5 of slaves in each state
“Not So Great” could be counted for
Compromise
population
Standard 1.5
Principles of the Constitution
Constitutional (federal) Government
Delegated Powers
Powers belonging to the
national government
Concurrent Powers
Shared powers between
the national and state
governments
Reserved Powers
Powers belonging to the
states; they are NOT
listed in the Constitution
Federalism—power is
divided between the
national government and
the state governments
 Ordered government
Shays Rebellion (1786)
 Representative
government
(republicanism)

Separation of Powers
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Checks on executive:
override a presidential veto
Checks legislative: veto
bills of Congress
Checks executive: declare
actions unconstitutional
Checks judicial: establish
lower federal court
Checks judicial: appoints Checks legislative: declare
federal judges
laws unconstitutional
In addition to separation of
powers, the Framers proposed
a system of checks and
balances in order to make sure
that the members of one
branch of government did not
become too powerful or
corrupt.
Examples:
Veto, Treaty Ratification, Judicial
Nomination and Confirmation
Purpose of the
Bill of Rights?
List of rights
that cannot be
denied
Standard 1.6
Washington’s First Cabinet
Secretary of the
Treasury
Secretary of War
Attorney General
Secretary of
State
Hamilton
Knox
Randolf
Jefferson
The First Two-Party System
FEDERALISTS
Alexander Hamilton
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICANS
Leaders
Jefferson
Federalism
Weak central gov’t
Loose constructionists
Expand the powers of
national government
Constitution
Strict constructionists
Restrict the powers of the
national government
Pro-trade with Britain
Pro merchant
Economy
Pro-trade with French
Pro agriculture
Pro
National Bank
Anti
Pro
Protective Tariff
Anti
North
Supporters
South
Strong central gov’t
Standard 1.7
The Adams Administration
Before leaving office, John Adams appointed several
Supreme Court judges, who would serve life terms and be
able to undermine Jefferson’s Republican administration
from the bench. These included John Marshall who Adams
appointed as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
The Power of the Supreme Court
Marbury v. Madison established the principle of judicial
review, which says that the Supreme Court has the
authority to interpret the Constitution. This differed
from Thomas Jefferson’s belief that Congress should
interpret the Constitution