THE NATIONAL SOCIAL
PROTECTION STRATEGY (NSPS):
UNICEF SUPPORT FOR
A
FRAMEWORK
FOR
INVESTING IN PEOPLE
GOVERNMENT OF GHANA
Ministry of Manpower, Youth and
Employment (MMYE)
November 2007
VISION:
“The National Social Protection Strategy (NSPS)
represents the Government of Ghana’s (GoG) vision of
creating an all inclusive and socially empowered society
through the provision of sustainable mechanisms for the
protection of persons living in situations of extreme poverty
and related vulnerability and exclusion.”
“The NSPS is founded upon the principle that every
Ghanaian matters and is capable of contributing his or her
quota to national development.” (NSPS; GoG, 2007)
Submitted to Cabinet – 2007
Key: MDA – Ministries, Dept.’s and Agencies
V+E – Vulnerability and Exclusion
WHY SOCIAL PROTECTION?
•
•
GPRS II
Ghana Needed:
1.
2.
3.
•
Socially Protective cushions insulate V+E persons from Lifecycle
risks (i.e., sickness, unemployment, disability and disaster).
A development tool that is a response to, social inequality,
economic crisis, disease and related issues of
vulnerability/exclusion,
An Umbrella concept, covering a wider range of programmes,
stakeholders, and social instruments.
International/Local Instruments and Legislations
•
•
•
•
The 1992 Constitution, Children’s Act 560 (1998), Persons With
Disabilities Act 715 (2005)
ILO Convention 182, Convention on Rights of Child
Universal Declaration on Human Rights, Mugs,
Poor Impact/Targeting of Past SP Programmes in Ghana
Social Protection for
Socio- Economic Development
– Facilitates investment in human and physical assets
thereby reducing the risk of future poverty
– Enhances risk-taking livelihood strategies among poor
people
– Increases Access to Social Services/Enhanced Social
Development
– Contributes to Achievement of MDGs (ie: MDG 1)
– Facilitates social and economic cohesion - reducing the
likelihood of conflict.
POVERTY IN GHANA
Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 4, 1999):
• Poverty profile of Ghana indicates that an estimated 40% of
Ghanaians are “poor”
• (GLSS 4) approx. 26.8% of population = Extreme poor,
14.7% are “poorest of the poor”:
– unable to cater for basic human needs including their
nutritional requirements and suffer from poverty across
generations.
• Per capita income in 2006 was approx. $400, and therefore
efforts must be made via a comprehensive and sustainable
Social Protection strategy to lift the poorest citizens out of
the poverty cycle and poise them to contribute to the
nation’s development.
• Poorest HH = Combination of Children/Elderly
Poverty In Ghana
Poverty Band Analysis
No
Nonn
Poor
Po
or
Poor
Po
or
Non Poor
Mean monthly per capita
capitalincome
income==US$38
US$38
30.2%
Quasi Non Poor
21.1%
Mean monthly per capita
capitalincome
income==US$23
US$23
Transitory Non Poor (Mean monthly per capita
US$15)
capitalincome=
income=
9.0%
Transitory Poor (Mean monthly per capita
US$15)
capitalincome=
income=
9.0%
Moderately Poor
16.0%
Mean monthly per capital
capita income
income==US$11
US$11
Extremely Poor
Mean monthly per capita
capitalincome
income==US$6
US$6
14.7%
CHILD LABOUR IN GHANA
•
Profile:
–
–
–
•
Supportive Environment for Elimination:
–
–
•
•
Est. 40% of Children 5-17 yrs engaged in Economic
Activity (GCLS) = 2.47 million
Est. 20% of Children (1.27 million) engaged in CL
Est. 242,000 Engaged in Hazardous Labour
Policies, Legislations, National TBP Programme,
Donor Mandates
Government Institutions and Programmes:
MMYE/CLU, NPECLC, MOWAC, DSW
WFCL – mining/quarrying, fishing, head porters,
harmful traditional practices, child trafficking,
servitude
Government is reviewing list of “Hazardous
Work” in Children’s Act (560), 1998, Section 91.3
Integrated Approach to SP:
Complementary Programmes
•
NSPS interventions will be based upon
improvements in existing mechanisms and the
formulation of new interventions to address gaps
in coverage for the extreme poor
•
Existing Social Protection interventions to
Complemented by NSPS:
•
Child Protection, Survival and Development
Interventions
•
Labour Market Policies and Programmes
•
Health Programmes
•
Social Insurance Programmes
•
Microfinance
•
Social Welfare Programmes
Complementary Programmes
1.Aged 65+
2. PWDs without Productive
Capacity.
Livelihood Needs:
Shelter
Food
Clothing
Soap
Water
Livelihood Needs:
Food
Clothing
Soap
Water
Complementary Programmes:
NHIS Indigent Card
Free Bus Ride
Micronutrient Support/
Supplementary Feeding
DSW Services
Complementary Programmes:
NHIS Indigent Card
Free Bus Ride
DSW Psycho-Social Support
Services
DSW Services
3. OVCs via Caregivers Scheme
Livelihood Needs:
Shelter
Food
Clothing
Soap
Water
Education
Complementary Programmes:
Caregivers:
NHIS Indigent Card
Agric. Input Support
Microfinance
Skills Training for Caregivers
DSW Services
OVC:
Education Capitation Grant
School Feeding Programme
Post Basic (15+): Skills
Training/Apprenticeship
National Youth Employment
Programme (NYEP)
DSW Services
NSPS
POLICY INTERVENTIONS
•
Coordinate Policy Interventions of MDAs for
Vulnerable/Excluded Citizens:
–
–
–
•
MDA Technical Working Group on Social Protection
National Steering Committee on Social Protection
Source Funding to support programmes for sustainability
Build Capacity of MDAs to Programme for
vulnerable citizens, esp. extreme poor:
–
Sharpen existing interventions in terms of implementation and
targeting effectiveness of implementing partners.
–
Ensure compliance at decentralized levels
•
Linkages to Complementary Services:
–
NSPS interventions will facilitate improvements in existing
mechanisms and the formulation of new interventions to
address gaps in coverage for the extreme poor
PROPOSED
BROAD POLICY OBJECTIVES
UNDER NSPS
•
OBJECTIVE 1: To increase the ability of
Extreme Poor to meet basic needs through
improving access to livelihood opportunities,
and to social protection
•
OBJECTIVE 2: To reduce extreme poverty
and related vulnerability and exclusion at the
household level through provision of LEAP
Social Grants Programme
•
OBJECTIVE 3: To strengthen the capacity of
MDAs to deliver, monitor and evaluate
effective social protection programs
LEAP Programme
•
•
Livelihood Empowerment Against
Poverty (LEAP) Social Grants
Scheme:
context specific initiative that will
provide both conditional and
unconditional cash transfers to
Targeted populations.
Dept. Of Social Welfare (DSW) Implementing Agency
–From DSW
•
To DSD
First in W. Africa to Implement
LEAP Beneficiaries
•
Care Givers Grant Scheme for
Orphan/Vulnerable Children (OVCs)
(Conditional). Emphasis on:
–
–
•
Persons with Severe Disabilities
(Unconditional)
–
•
Children Affected By Aids (CABAs)
Children with severe disabilities
No Productive Capacity
Social Grants for the extremely poor above
65 years (Unconditional)
–
No Subsistence Support
LEAP Pre-Implementation
Activities
• Design Mission of Local/International
consultants to develop implementation
modalities for LEAP:
–
–
Experts from South Africa, Turkey, Zambia
Technical Assistance from the ILO (OIT) /IPEC
Programme
Technical Cooperation Assistance with Govn’t
of Brazil – Advisors provided in M&E, Single
Reg., Conditionalities, PETI)
• Comprehensive DSW Inst. Assessment
Completed with full Capacity Building
Plans at National, Regional and District
Levels
LEAP Programme: Overview
•
Affordability – 5 year pilot < 2% of GDP
•
Payment Amount: GHC ¢8 – GHC ¢15 (Low Dependency, Duration of 3 years, OVC to
benefit until age 15 in some cases)
•
HH Definition – Avg. Size = 5
•
Polygamous HH
•
Women preferred recipients – Maximum impact at HH level
•
Target Group: 20% of Extreme Poor (18.2%) GLSS 5
•
Targeting Mechanism: Heavy Targeting Mechanism (Survey Questionnaire, Red.
Inclusion Errors)/
Monitoring: Baseline Survey, Quarterly Monitoring
•
•
Conditionality
–
WFCL, NHIS, Births/Deaths, School Attendance, Exp. Prog. On Immunization
•
Single Registry System – Networked/Security Features, In-Line with GSS
instruments
•
Linkages with Complementary Services
LEAP Pre-Pilot Programme 2007
•
LEAP PRE-PILOT:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
•
Focus on OVC via CareGivers Scheme
Scale-up 21 OVC/NHIS Districts to Implement
LEAP (All 10 Regions)
2,000 HH Benefiting
Social Grants- $8/HH, Bi-monthly Payment
Linkages with Comp. Services while
benefiting from LEAP
Payments through Post-Office
Targeting based on GLSS 5 Data
National Sensitization on NSPS/LEAP- 10
Regions
LEAP AND CHILD LABOUR
•
Explicit Objective of LEAP Programme:
–
•
•
•
•
•
“To ensure that no child in the household is
trafficked or engaged in any activities constituting
the Worst Forms of Child Labour (WFCL).”
Partnering with NPECLC Programme for
Enhanced Technical Capacity
Eligibility Criteria for Districts and Communities
Heavy Targeting Mechanisms for Selection of
HHs
Building Capacity of Supply Side Linkages with
Complementary Programmes critical to
reduce/eliminate CL in beneficiary HHs.
DSW to provide additional Psycho-Social
Support Services to HHs.
LEAP PILOT PROGRAMME/
PLANNED ACTIVITIES
• LEAP 5-Year PILOT Programme 2008-2012:
–
Target Groups: Bottom 20% of Ext. Poor (OVC,
PWDs, Aged Poor)
–
25,000 HH to Benefit
–
50 Districts – Every Region Represented
–
Social Grants: $8 - $15
–
Payments through Post-Office/ M2M
• Actualizing Capacity Building Plans for DSW and MMYE
• Technical Working Group and National Steering
Committee on SP – Capacity Building of MDAs to
programme for V+E, especially sector prog’s focusing
on Child Protection.
LEAP PILOT PROGRAMME
Programme Scope
LEAP Coverage roll-out assumptions
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
No of Households
25000
50000
80000
115000
164000
No of Districts
50
50
70
100
138
Households per district
500
1000
1143
1150
1188
Households per
community
(based 3 in yr 1, 5 in
subsequent years)
167
200
229
230
238
NSPS FRAMEWORK
NAT IONAL SOCIAL PROT ECT ION
ST RAT EGY (NSPS)
LEAP S OCIAL
GRANTS
SCHEM E
POLICY
FRAMEWORK
Linkages to
Complementary
Services
Muchas Gracias