Please take out your Energy Primer HW
Get a laptop
APES 1.6 and 1.7
Unit 7: Energy
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General energy concepts (forms, conversions, etc.)
Fossil fuels- pros, cons, how they form
Alt. energy sources- solar, wind, geothermal, hydrogen
cells, hydroelectric, tidal
Nuclear energy
Conservation
Why Care?
http://www.eia.gov/state/?sid=WA
First, Review
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Complete the Energy Review Poster with a partner.
Basics of Energy Production and
Consumption
Net Energy Yield
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We have to use energy to make energy!
The net energy yield is the total amount of high-quality
energy made from an energy resource minus the energy
it cost to make it.
How do we make useful energy?
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Coal and other fossil fuels: chemical potential energy to
electrical energy
40% of the energy we use is electrical in its final form.
Electricity is a convenient “energy carrier”
How do we make useful energy?
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Hydroelectric: kinetic energy to electrical energy
Common sources of electricity
Energy Efficiency
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How much useful work we can get from each unit of
energy we use.
Roughly 84% of commercial energy in the U.S. is wasted
(waste heat given off by inefficient power plants, motors,
data centers, etc.)
One way to improve energy efficiency
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Cogeneration: a combined heat and power system for
generating electricity
Waste heat is captured and used to heat power plants or
nearby buildings
http://www.mystateline.com/green-rightnow/grn-business/cogeneration-allowswashington-plant-to-make-fuel
Quantifying Energy Use
Energy Units
 Watt
– Rate of energy conversion
(Potential to kinetic energy)
 Joule – energy required to produce one
watt of power for one second
 BTU – British Thermal Unit - the heat
value (amount of power that can be
generated) for different fuels
How do we pay for electricity?
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60 W
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Kilowatt Hour (kW•h)
Rate power company uses
to measure consumption
and to bill you!
Note: Not kW/h
You get billed for $/ kW•h
Try this problem…
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How many kW’s is a 60 W
bulb using?
If you are using the bulb
for 800 hours in a year,
how many kW•h are you
using in the year?
If electricity costs $0.10/
kW•h, how much will you
pay to use the bulb for a
year?
60 W x (1 kW/1000
W) = 0.060 kW
 0.060 kw x (800 hrs/1
yr) = 48 kW•h/yr
 48 kW•h/yr x($0.10/
kW•h) = $4.80/yr
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Energy Primer Worksheet
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Check your answers with my answers
Need help? I’ll meet with a small group while others
move on to the homework (module 34- your own notes
and multiple choice).
Classroom Heating Lab
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You need:
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Thermometer
Yard or meter stick
3 person group
Go to a space in the building that has windows
Measure the square footage of the window space of your
area
Record and inside and outside temperature
Hardtke End 1/6
How Did We Get Here?
 Industrial
Revolution
 Exponential Growth
 Energy Crisis
Energy Crisis
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Pre 1970 - Oil was relatively plentiful and cheap
Formation of OPEC – started in 1960
Countries currently in OPEC: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq,
Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab
Emirates, and Venezuela
Together account for 79% of world reserves & 44% of world
production
Goal: Safeguarding their collective market interests, by setting the
price of a barrel of oil and ensuring the stabilization of supply and
demand in international oil markets
Events of the 1970’s
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Arab members of OPEC refuse to ship oil to the U.S. and
most of Western Europe (1973)
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Wanted countries to stop supporting Israel in Yom Kippur War
with Syria & Egypt
U.S. was using cheap oil to make other products (particularly
plastics) and selling them back to OPEC countries at much
higher rates. (Sometimes 300% inflation)
Revolution in Iran slows production (1979)
Consequences
 Petroleum
prices quadruple
 Schools close in the winter for lack of
heating oil
 Manufacturing plants close or lay people
off
 Increased interest in alternative energies
 Global recession
Establishment of Strategic
Petroleum Reserves in 1975
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Emergency supply of crude oil in
salt caverns along the Gulf of
Mexico
Currently holds around 1 billion
gallons of oil
Approximate 57 day supply
National Petroleum Reserve
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Formalized in 1976
Largest area of undisturbed
wilderness in U.S.
Approximately 896 million
barrels of oil
Development started in
1990’s but no oil has been
drilled
Disagreements with Inupiat’s
& environmental groups –
lots of lawsuits
Similar situation in ANWR
(Arctic National Wildlife
Refugee)
http://www.worldometers.info/
Research
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WA, Tahoma, national, world info.
Future Energy Predictions  Wide
variety in these predictions
http://www.harvardmagazine.com/lib/06mj/images/43.gif
Energy Conservation
Topic Outline V.F
Two Choices …
 Use
less through personal choices
 OR
 Increase
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efficiency of use
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2014715242_facebookse
rver08.html
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of these peaked in the late
1970’s, steeply dropped in the 1990’s
and haven’t risen much since then
National Appliance Energy
Conservation Act - 1987
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Set minimum energy efficiency requirements on
appliances
Eventually led to formation of Energy Star
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Voluntary program to build factories, office buildings, houses,
and appliances that exceed these standards
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=products.pr_find_es_p
roducts
Incandescent vs. Compact Fluorescent
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Easy bake ovens and
incandescent light bulbs
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http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3032619/
ns/nightly_news/#41768619
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http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/01/busi
ness/energy-environment/01ihtbulb.html
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75% of the energy that
goes into an
incandescent is lost as
heat and is not used for
light
Next new light – LED’s
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http://www.msnbc.msn.co
m/id/3032619/ns/NBCNig
htlyNews/#44034437
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What is saved besides
electricity by using a
compact fluorescent?
GHG’s, Air Pollution, Mining
costs, Landfill space
If each household switched
out one incandescant for a
compact fluorescent the
energy saved would be
approximately equal to
taking 1 million cars off the
road
Areas targeted by efficiency improvements
1) Insulation
2) Windows
3) Tight
construction
/caulking
4) Heating/coo
ling systems
5) Appliances
Window on the right is an
energy star window in winter
Cogeneration - capture and reuse “waste”
heat
CAFE Standards – Corporate Average
Fuel Efficiency
Federal Standards for MPG in cars & trucks
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2007 model year CAFE
standard for cars was 27.5
mpg and light trucks 22.2
mpg (SUV’s are excempt
as they are classified as
heavy trucks/farm
vehicles)
Many companies did not
meet this standard and
paid fines
Why would they make this
choice?
By 2020  35 mpg
Hybrids and Electric Cars
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Hybrids use a combination of gas, generators, and batteries
Electric cars – use electricity to charge a battery
Seattle was chosen as a test city for the Nissan leaf – Why?
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http://www.seattlepi.com/transportation/416374_leaf9.html
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