Expanding Connections: Priorities and
Resources
University of North Carolina (UNC) India Summit
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
January 30, 2013
1
Embassy of India, Washington DC
DC
Scheme of Presentation
1. India: Higher Education Scenario
2. India US Co-operation in Education sector
3. Road ahead
2
Embassy of India, Washington DC
India’s Demographic Advantage….
30
1000
0
2010
2020
2030
5
Population aged 0-14
Source: India’s XII Plan document, Vol III
3
1995
Population aged 60 or over
China
India
World
0
1990
Population aged 15-59
2040
100
10
2035
200
2030
300
15
2025
400
2020
500
20
2015
600
2010
Population in million
700
25
2005
800
2000
Aged Population (60 yrs+) per cent to total population
900
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Scheme of Presentation
1. India: Higher Education Scenario
2. India US Co-operation in Education sector
3. Road ahead
4
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Growth in
education…
enrollment
in
higher
2011-12
2006-07
All figures in millions
0.56
0.3
6.028
7.512
8.4
12.8
Source: India’s XII Plan document, Vol III
Central Government
State Government
Private
Central Government
State Government
Private
…GER went up from 12.3 % in 2006-07 to 17.9 % in 2011-12…….
5
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Institutional expansion in the XI Plan..
Growth of Institutions
29662
30000
40
Enrolment by field of study
35
All figures in millions
30
25000
20000
16457
18145
21.78
20
15000
15
11094
10000
10 6.578
5
5000
145 221
0
25
Central
Institutions
3.057
0
State
Institutions
2006-07
3.434
5.468
1.3
1.202 0.348
2006-07
2011-12
Private
Institutions
2011-12
Source: India’s XII Plan document, Vol III
6
Embassy of India, Washington DC
The growth is skewed……<I>
GER
Rural
11.1
Other Backward Castes
14.7
Scheduled Tribes
7.7
Scheduled Castes
GER
11.5
Women
15.8
Men
22.8
0
5
10
15
20
25
Source: Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India (GoI)
7
Embassy of India, Washington DC
The growth is skewed……<II>
GER
Tamil Nadu
Jammu & Kashmir
Kerala
31.8
Punjab
34.4
Karnataka
23.9
Chandigarh46.6
Andhra Pradesh
21.1
20
21.6
Delhi
Maharashtra
23.6
41.2
14.7
18.7
Rajasthan
18.1
Uttar Pradesh
GER
15.3
9
14
12.3
13.7
Bihar
West Bengal
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Orissa
Jharkhand
Source: Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India (GoI)
8
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Characterized by quality issues….
• As per the Times Higher Education Rankings 2012-13, the top ranked
Indian institutions are Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Kharagpur
(234); Mumbai (258) and Roorkee (267).
• As per the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) System, 2012, these were the
Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) at Delhi (212), Bombay (227) and
Kanpur (278).
Share of Ph Ds
60000
48112
50000
40000
40024
40024
42112
38195
36247
41464
India
30000
20000
40757
26392
14706
11974
18625
15328
22593
17853
17898
18730
20131
China
US
10000
0
Source: MHRD, GoI
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Embassy of India, Washington DC
XII
Plan
education…
strategy
on
higher
Outcomes
•
Expanded availability of higher education
•
Narrowing of group inequalities in access to
higher education
•
Improved teaching & research across all
institutions
EXPANSION
•
•
•
EQUITY
Capacity expansion of
existing
institutions
Institutional differentiation
Widespread use of ICT
EXCELLENCE
• Increased budgetary support
for targeted equity schemes
•
•
•
•
•
Learner centric approach
Focus on teaching research synergy
Faculty development
Internationalisation
Creation of alliances/ networks
Financing
• Quantum leap in public and private sector funding
• Increased and strategically deployed Central funding
• Funding streams connected to outcomes
Governance
• Institutional autonomy
• Widespread and co-ordinated regulatory reform
10
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Scheme of Presentation
1. India: Higher Education Scenario
2. India US Co-operation in Education sector
3. Road ahead
11
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Co-operation
status
in
higher
education:
• US remains a preferred destination for Indian students to
pursue their advanced degrees.
 100,000 Indian students enrolled in US institutions – 32% women.
 Annual investment by Indian students in the US education sector: US $ 3
billion.
 Large number of Indian faculty rising to key positions in US academia.
 More than 17,000 US and Indian students benefited through Nehru-Fulbright
and Khorana scholarships.
• Singh Obama 21st Century Knowledge Initiative launched in
November, 2009.
 Funding support of US $ 5 million provided by both sides to increase university
linkages and junior faculty development exchanges between US and Indian
universities.
 First awards under the initiative announced in June, 2012.
 Advertisements inviting applications for the second round of awards have been
published by the UGC.
12
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Co-operation
status…<II>
in
higher
education:
• First India US Higher Education Summit held in Washington DC
in October, 2011. The two sides – in the joint statement – agree
to:
 Promote strategic institutional partnership for strengthening and expanding
collaboration in priority areas of higher education.
 Encourage expansion and deepened collaboration in R&D.
 Foster partnerships in areas of vocational education and skill enhancement.
 Strengthen further programmes of student and faculty enrichment and exchange.
 Welcome involvement of private sector in the two countries to support and
deepen such collaboration.
• First India US Higher Education Dialogue held in Washington DC
in June, 2012.The following outcomes were announced:
 First awards under the Singh Obama knowledge initiative.
13
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Co-operation
status…<III>
in
higher
education:
• Outcomes of Higher Education Dialogue:…..<continued>
 Selection for the first batch of 300 fellowships for faculty development and postdoctoral research, with UGC to sponsor about 1,500 fellowships for the purpose
over 5 years.
 Launch of a web-portal for India US Higher Education collaboration.
 Strategy for setting up of community colleges in India: an international seminar on
community colleges is being planned to be organized during February 6-7, 2012 in
New Delhi.
 Finalization of the twinning arrangements at institutional level.
 Invitation to US students for studying in India by declaring “Connect to India”
program.
 Establishment of a joint center of excellence on cyber security with the IITs to
incubate a Centre in India with collaboration of US institutions.
• Connect India Programme:
• Delhi University to host the programme for about 200 students in the initial years
to enable them to understand the life and culture of India. Programme duration
about 10-15 days.
• To be upgraded by UGC for a semester, with more institutions and credit transfer
arrangements.
14
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Co-operation
status…<IV>
in
higher
education:
• Passport to India programme:
 Initiative of US Department of State.
 Aimed at building the next generation of leaders with Indian expertise by creating
study and internship opportunities for US students in India.
 Relies fully on private funded philanthropic support.
 Works with foundations and businesses to sponsor US students for internships in
their India based facilities, to expand existing internship programmes or to
provide funding or in-kind contributions for study abroad programmes in a
college of university of their choice.
• Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between Yale
University and Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur and Indian
Institute of Management, Kozhikode:
• MoU aimed at developing leadership programmes in areas of higher education.
• Two centres of excellence developed in academic leadership at IIT, Kanpur and
IIM, Kozhikode.
• “India Yale Higher Education Leadership Programme” held at New Haven in
September-October, 2011.
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Embassy of India, Washington DC
Scheme of Presentation
1. India: Higher Education Scenario
2. India US Co-operation in Education sector
3. Road ahead
16
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Paradigm for future India US cooperation in higher education sector
• Entry of Foreign (including US) education institutions in
accordance with a prescribed regulatory framework:
 The Foreign Educational Institutions (Regulation of Entry and Operations) Bill,
2010 introduced in Parliament.
 Only reputed and quality institutions are proposed to be allowed to enter and
operate in India - Foreign institutes, which have been offering educational
services for at least 20 years in the country in which it had been established or
incorporated, shall be eligible to apply for registration.
 With the passing of this Bill, US universities can set up campuses in India. 100%
foreign direct investment (FDI) is already allowed in the education sector.
• Collaborations between institutions on both sides based on
mutual interest:

17
Indian institutions autonomous in this regard; models of collaboration have no
restrictions.
Paradigm for future India US co-operation
in higher education sector..<II>
• Opportunities for faculty in India:
 Prime Minister’s Global Advisory Council has stressed on engagement of
international faculty in Indian institutions.
 Reputed institutions in India (including private institutions) have started
engaging faculty from different countries on contract on attractive
remunerations.
 Permanent engagement of faculty of foreign origin still not permitted as
per Visa Rules (only for a period of 5 years).
 Huge potential for engagement through twinning arrangements with different
institutions.
 Under Singh Obama initiative, scope for engagement through joint research
projects.
• Opportunities for US students to study in India:


18
Connect India and Passport to India programmes provide opportunities, to be
expanded in the years ahead, for large number of US students to visit India and
learn more about its political, economic, cultural and social milieu.
India and the US have signed a new bilateral Fulbright Agreement that
supersedes the Fulbright Agreement operating since 1950 with US funding.
Paradigm for future India US co-operation
in higher education sector..<III>
• Opportunities for US students to study in India:..<continued>
 Under the new Fulbright Agreement, the Government of India and the United
States will implement the scholarship programme as full partners. The amount
has been increased to US $7.06 million (from US $ 5 million) from the financial
year 2010-11. For the year 2010-11, 180 US Nehru-Fulbright Scholars have
been selected, with102 scholars selected from India.
• Collaboration in open and distance (ODL):




19
Apart from the Indira Gandhi National Open University, there are 13 State
Open Universities and 183 other Distance Education Institutions (DEIs)
approved by the Distance Education Council.
Enrolment in DEIs that includes at least 44 private institutions grew most rapidly
over 10 per cent per year during the XI Plan period.
Open and Distance Learning (ODL) will be used to widen access and
significantly expand capacity in a cost-effective and flexible manner during the XII
Plan – a capacity addition of 1 million in gross enrollment is to come from this
source.
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are increasingly proving their
effectiveness in the spread of education in the US.
Paradigm for future India US co-operation
in higher education sector..<IV>
• Collaboration in open and distance (ODL):…<continued>


Programmes such as Coursera and EdX are providing education in diverse
areas such as Mongolia and Egypt, in state-of-the-art disciplines.
ODL presents a significant area of collaboration between India and US.
• Development of Meta Universities:





20
The digital world is challenging the lecture-driven teaching traditions of the
university.
With open content and open-access, we are seeing the early emergence of a
meta-university, a concept pioneered by Charles West, as an accessible,
empowering, communally constructed framework of open materials and
platforms ushering the collaborative future of higher education.
Thus the 21st century meta-university would be a network and an ecosystem
rather than a single brick and mortar space - a Facebook of Institutions.
Delhi University and Jamia Millia Islamia (JMI) in India are engaged in
development of Meta University concept.
Development of Meta Universities in India opens up a significant area of
collaboration between the two countries.
“……the young are our future. We have a responsibility to
create an appropriate environment to help them plan their
future. We must help them face the challenges of tomorrow to
reshape the world. In a global, interconnected, mutually
dependent world, the way forward is through building
partnerships. This historic Summit will forge a new
collaborative association in which our young can draw
inspiration from your benchmarks of excellence in education
& innovation and channelise their energies for public good.
Today, we dedicate our partnership for a better tomorrow…..”
..Shri Kapil Sibal, the then Minister for Human Resource
Development, at the India US Education Summit, October, 2011
Thank You
22
Increasing access in the XII Plan….
•
Enrolment capacity to increase by 10 million:
Level/ Type
2011-12
2016-17
0.1
0.3
18.49
24.24
Diplomas
3.3
6.5
Distance Learning
4.2
5.2
Grand Total
25.99
35.94
GER (%)
17.9
25.2
Doctorates
Post/ Under graduates
Source: India’s XII Plan document, Vol III
• Strategies:
• Develop Central Institutions as Quality Leading institutions
•
•
•
•
23
Strategic support for State Higher Education
Quality Private Growth
Expansion of skill based programmes
Open and distance learning initiatives
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Increasing equity in the XII Plan….
• Strategies:
• Creation of a comprehensive student financial aid programme:
 All student financial aid schemes under the Ministry of Human Resource
Development (MHRD) to be consolidated under a single programme, with
simplified processes, and disbursement to be related to an ‘index of disadvantage’.
• Student loan guarantee corpus to be created under the management of a
Credit Guarantee Trust to guarantee against defaults on student loans.
 As per studies, less than 3% students, mostly belonging to middle income
families in India avail of education loans, compared to 85% in UK, 77% in US
and 70% in Germany and France.
 Education loans aggregating US $ 6 billion are outstanding and the average
size of the Education loan is less than US $ 4,000 as per the data published
by the Indian Banks Association.
 It is envisaged that out of the total Students enrolled for Higher studies, 10% to 18%
and 35% to 40% students may seek loan for general and technical studies
respectively during the period 2012-2020, if the Government strengthen institutions
and regulations in this sector.
24
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Increasing
Plan….
excellence
in
the
XII
• Strategies:
• Focus on teachers and teaching:
 A recent survey of academic salaries shows that median academic salaries in India
are among the highest in the world.
 Collaborations with foreign universities for faculty development programmes.
 Faculty would be sent in large numbers abroad for training and mentoring.
• Strengthening Accreditation Systems:
 Accreditation will be made mandatory with clear incentives and
consequences.
• ‘Universities for Research and Innovation’ to be set up.
 Structured in a manner to attract and retain high quality faculty from
across the world.
• Special efforts to be made to strengthen international research linkages
involving a large number of Indian institutions in forging such links:
 Involvement of 22 million-strong Indian Diaspora as a powerful asset for
research, innovation and entrepreneurship.
25
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Governance architecture in the XII
Plan…..
Prevention of
Unfair
Practices
National Commission for
Higher Education &
Research
National Educational
Tribunals
National Regulatory
Authority in Accreditation
State Educational
Tribunals
Accreditation
Agencies
Higher Education Institutions
26
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Funding for the Plan….
• Plan targets public spending to increase to 1.5 % of GDP as against the current
1.22 % of GDP.
• Quantum jump in the level of funding to State universities and colleges:
 Strategically used to foster academic and administrative reforms, address
challenges and fill in the gaps in the States’ own funding for higher education.
• The fee levels of public funded institutions to increase to sustainable levels.
• Institutions to be encouraged to increase funding through own sources, e.g.,
external contracts/ grants for research; consulting and/ or training projects;
endowments and philanthropy.
• Involvement of private sector on a large scale:
 Innovative ways to be found to encourage the infusion of more private
capital in the traditional not-for-profit higher education.
 Use of the public private partnership (PPP) framework.
27
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Awards announced under the Singh
Obama Knowledge Initiative
S
No
Institutions
Subject of study
Indian
US
1
Mahatma
Gandhi
University, Kottayam
Brown University, Duke
University, Plymouth State
University
An Interdisciplinary and Community Oriented
Approach towards sustainable development
2
Benaras
Hindu
University, Varanasi
University of Pittsburgh
Paradigm shift in energy scenario in the 21st
century towards renewable energy sources
3
Indian Institute of Virginia Tech University
Technology
(IIT),
Kanpur
International
Program
infrastructure development
4
Indian Institute of Drexel University
Technology
(IIT),
Delhi
Resource Building for Ecosystem and Human
Health risk assessment with specific reference to
microbial contamination
5
Rutgers, the
University of
York
6
University of Montana
28
State
New
Tata Institute of
Sciences, Mumbai
Social
University of Bangalore
for
sustainable
Capitalizing on the demographic dividend
enhancing talent development capacity for India
and US in the 21st century
Impact of climate change and changes in socioeconomic structure on traditional agriculture and
development of sustainable communities among
indigenous populations.
Embassy of India, Washington DC
Awards announced under the Singh
Obama Knowledge Initiative….<II>
S No
29
Institutions
Indian
US
Subject of study
7
Cornell University
University
of Implementing reformed cirriculum in
Agricultural
sciences, emerging areas of agriculture and food
Dharwad;
Sardar security
Vallabhbhai
Patel
University, Meerut
8
University of Michigan
Maharashtra University
of the Health Sciences
Joint Development of a Master’s degree in
education for health professions’ faculty in
the US and India
Embassy of India, Washington DC