The Real Dangers of Synthetic
Drugs in The 21st Century
Ken Dickinson, M.S., R.Ph.
kdickinson@gaudenzia.org
610-291-3109
Introductions
Presenter:
Ken
• Attendees
– Experience with “Bath Salts” and K2/Spice
– Expectations or goals for this workshop
Objectives
• • Describe the current trend of synthetic drugs of abuse
being marketed as “legal” household products;
• • Identify the compounds referred to as “bath salts” and
K2/synthetic marijuana;
• • Demonstrate the effects on users with emphasis on the
high incidence of psychosis;
• • Review the legal aspects and current legislation aimed
at regulating and limiting access to these chemicals;
• • Discuss prevention and treatment approaches
Please Take Note
•
•
•
•
Very little science
Very little research
Now accumulating data & science
Today’s information anecdotal
– Face to face with users, Law Enforcement, etc
– Forums & discussions on web
• Some research
Designer Drugs: Background
• Trend started in late 1970’s
• Drugs of abuse are classified by DEA
• Drugs of abuse work according to
structure
• Analogs
– Can “design” an analog to have same or
similar activity but not listed as a “controlled
substance”
– Not subject to legal penalties and restrictions
Mephedrone &
Methamphetamine
Designer Drugs: Evolution
• Internationally do not have such laws
– Being manufactured in other countries
• Many “designer drugs” do not test (+)
• A way to “Beat the Bladder Police”
Designer Drugs
• Today’s trend
– Make an analog that is not listed in laws
– Since legal can make an distribute as an
everyday household product e.g. “Bath Salts”
“Plant Food”, potpourri, incense, jewellery
cleaner, hummingbird attractant, etc.
– Then label “not for human consumption”
– Market via social media and retail outlets
European Drug Monitoring
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#24 new psychoactive drugs 2009
#41 in 2010
#49 in 2011
#57 in 2012
Since 2012 more than one a week
Synthetic cathinones & synthetic
cannabinoids make up more than 2/3 of
new drugs
Research
Chemicals
Schematic highlighting the major families and subfamilies of research chemicals, and some of
their most prominent members.
Phenylethylamines I Have Known
& Loved
• Alexander Shulgin & Ann Shulgin
• Book: PiHKAL A Chemical Love Story (1991)
– Lists #179 psychoactive compounds
– “A prerequisite to the psychedelic experience
– The book is arranged into two parts:
• A fictionalized autobiography of the couple.
• Detailed synthesis instructions for over 200 psychedelic
compounds (most of which Shulgin discovered himself),
including bioassays, dosages, and other commentary.
Historical Background
• All drugs of abuse started out as legal
(uncontrolled) substances in US
– Heroin, LSD, Cocaine, Amphetamine,
Marijuana and MDMA (ecstasy)
• Many sat on the shelf for years before
becoming abused
• A mixture of rumor, myth and science
have all contributed to changes in the legal
status of these substances
Web Sites
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www.k2info.org
www.bluelight.ru
www.drugs-forum.org
www.erowid.org
www.lycaeum.org
K2 Products
Description of the Drug
• Mixture of herbal and spice plant products
– Leaf can be: marshmallow leaf, parsley, etc.
• Sprayed with synthetic cannabinoids
• Marketed as incense and “not for human
consumption”
• No regulations to list ingredients or age
requirements to purchase
• First generation called K2 or “Spice”
• Second generation called K3 or “Splice”
Synthetic Marijuana (JWH- 018)
K2 originated at Clemson University,
where researchers developed synthetic
cannabinoids in an effort to create
therapeutic drugs. But the cannabinoids
also have effects akin to THC, the key
ingredient in marijuana
• K2 is largely created by individual sellers,
it's anyone's guess what else is added to
the mix.
Synthetic Cannabinoids
Pharmacology
• Research supported by NIDA-John W.Huffman
• Two cannabinoid receptors in human brain CB1
and CB2
• CB2 affects inflammatory pain (target of NIDA
study)
• JWH analogs target both receptors
• Huffman: “JWH is easiest to make outside of a
lab only need two commercial products”
• Transferring to plant material only requires using
acetone
• Yes. Until a drug is tested, it cannot be considered safe. Not only
have synthetic cannabinoids not been tested, nearly all were
created for experimental use in animals and cell cultures, not tested
for use in humans.
• JWH-018 inventor John W. Huffman, PhD, puts it bluntly: "It is like
Russian roulette to use these drugs. We don't know a darn thing
about them for real."
• These synthetic cannabinoids have been associated with impaired
driving incidents, attempted suicides, and emergency department
visits, and have been linked to such adverse effects as increased
anxiety, panic attacks, heart palpitations, respiratory complications,
aggression, mood swings, altered perception, and paranoia.
Dangers Involved in K2
• Recent reports (Jan 2013) of kidney failure
• Reports of cardiac events such as heart
attack in young male users
• Medical reports indicate that K2/Spice
drugs potentially result in users developing
a rapid and powerful addiction on a level
not usually found among smokers of “real”
marijuana.
Teens & K2 Effects in ER
• One 16-year-old girl was catatonic, unable to
speak or respond to any touch, when she
arrived in the emergency room. A urine drug test
showed she had cannabinoids in her system.
• Another teen, a 16-year-old boy, had problems
with movement and trouble with his speech.
Although he was alert, he seemed confused,
and could only answer simple questions.
• And an 18-year-old boy was brought to the
emergency room agitated and excessively
sweating. He was restless, aggressive and
uncooperative.
Alarming Fact
• Tests show that even the same brand may
have different drugs– in different amountsat different times
• User has no way of knowing what or how
much they are taking
K2 Data
• American Association of Poison Control
Centers
• Reported in article June 2012
• Year 2010
#2, 906
• Year 2011
#6,959
• Year 2012
#5,205
Spice is typically smoked like marijuana
On Line Reported K2 Effects
• Strong dysphoria
-Panic attacks
-Heavy body load
-Extreme nausea
-Fear, Panic, Anxiety
-Strong aural hallucinations
--Racing heart (higher doses)
– Heart attack
On Line Reported K2 Effects
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Self mutilation
Paranoia
Auditory & visual hallucinations
Delirium
Agitation
On Line Reported K2 Effects
• Marijuana-like effects
– Euphoria
– Giddiness
– Silliness
– Impaired short-term memory and
concentration
– Increased appetite
K2 Products
Scooby Snacks: K2
What Are Spice Users Saying?
• But when I smoked this sonic boom stuff, I was
completely high. I was trippin’ for over an hour.
It’s insane but fun. I got to the point where my
vision kept zooming in and out.
• But I do not recommend this drug if you are a
first time smoker or you don’t like weed. This
stuff gives you an intense head high, thus
starting to trip and having hallucinations.
• This is very similar to the marijuana high but just
a bit stronger. The only bad thing about this is
that it is very bad for you because it’s an
incense.
Source: Various Blog Sites
What Are Spice Users Saying?
• Spice is nowhere near as dangerous as some
people say it is.
• Sure it’s in no way good for you and it would kill
you from the carcinogens eventually but that’s
about it.
• If you’re responsible and just smoke a little
every now and again you’re not going to die and
you’re definitely not going to get addicted.
• I have literally taken a drug test the day after
smoking it and passed no problem.
Source: Various Blog Sites
Why the Discrepancy in
Reports?
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Use of other drugs with incense
Varying potency
Overdose
Presence of different cannabinoids
Knock-offs
User/environment characteristics
– Set & setting, etc.
Spice Withdrawal
• Unrest & Agitation
• Anxiety & Panic
Attacks
• Tremors
• Heart Palpitations
• Nausea Vomiting
•
•
•
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Sweating
Nightmares
Cravings
Depression
K2 Treatment Issues
• High rates of addiction (K2info.org)
• Withdrawal due to physical addiction
– Treated with sedatives and clonidine
• Before D&A treatment need to be
medically and psychiatrically safe and
stable
• Residual effects for weeks (or months)
due to long half-life & fat storage
• Unpredictable
K2 Testing
• Many labs have a test for the first
generation JWH chemicals
• In February 2010, Redwood Labs,
California developed a saliva test for JWH018, JWH-073 and JWH-250
• Saliva and urine tests recently developed
for second generation JWH’s
• http://www.redwoodtoxicology.com/documents/ser
vices/3369_sc_sellsheet.pdf
K2 Testing
• Following a single low dose exposure,
synthetic cannabinoids can be detected up
to 72 hours in human urine.
• In case of chronic exposure the window of
detection is much longer
http://www.redwoodtoxicology.com/services/syntheti
c_cannabinoid_testing.html
When Done Right, Drug Testing
Works!
• Traditional lab-based drug testing methods work
at detecting synthetic marijuana, including:
– Urine
– Oral fluid
• However, the lab will not conduct a traditional test for
THC… it’s a different test to detect chemical structure
of synthetic marijuana… but it can be detected with
lab-based oral fluid and urine.
• So far, no evidence that instant urine testing devices,
including products marketed as “home” drug test kits,
work at detecting synthetic marijuana.
Then Came Oral Fluid Testing…
• Well, it’s not urine
• Easy to administer internally
• Virtually impossible to adulterate
• Legal in most jurisdictions
• Legally defensible
• Rapidly increasing in popularity
Oral Fluid Testing…
• Drugs are detected immediately after use
• “Under the influence” indicator
• Less invasive collection process
• Comparable to blood
• Science continues to progress and get better
• Flexible… sample can be collected any time,
anywhere
• There are FDA cleared oral fluid collection and
testing products (for laboratory based testing)
Source: Myths & Facts About Oral Fluid Drug Testing, On File OraSure Technologies, 3/2011
Cheating
• Urine tests are susceptible to drug test cheating
• Oral fluid is very difficult to adulterate
• Collection takes place in the presence of both
the donor and the administrator of the test
• Typical cheating methods such as switching
samples or adding something to a sample are
virtually impossible to successfully pull off
• A search of the Internet will find thousands of
hits for cheating on a urine drug test… only a
handful for oral fluid testing
Cheating
A good website for oral fluid drug test cheating is
wikihow.com/pass-a-drug-test. Quoting directly from the
website:
“Try to avoid the test. If one is being tested and has used in
the past 3 days you will need to overcome the saliva
collection. To do this you will have to avoid submitting saliva
and perform the steps requested of you by the instructor.”
Another offers this advice:
“To pass this [an oral fluid test] you should always know the
detection time of the drug you have taken. Marijuana can be
detected via saliva drug testing from an hour after ingestion
up to 24 hours depending on use. Between these periods of
time, you must avoid being screened or you will surely test
positive.”
Dignity
The testing process protects the dignity and privacy of
the donor.
• No urine, no bathroom… no humiliating observed
collections, no gender match-up issues, no threats
of drug test cheating
• Donor and administrator observe the collection
together
• Specimen never leaves the donor’s sight
• Embarrassing shy bladder issues are eliminated
• There’s virtually no way to cheat
Testimonials
“We find the ability to test quickly and to collect the sample
with minimal exposure to staff is a great advantage”.
--Janet Ward, Former Drug Court Coordinator, Anne
Arundel County (MD)
District Court
“We are a very client-focused program and oral fluid testing
allows us to concentrate on building the relationship rather
than on drug testing”.
-- Keith Spare, Former Director of Rodgers South Drug
Treatment, Kansas City, MO
“Intercept® is more sensitive to patient’s needs by being
less embarrassing and easier for patients to provide an oral
fluid sample compared to that of urine”.
-- Dr. Beny Primm, Addiction & Research Treatment Corp,
New York City
OraSure…
®
Intercept
• Intercept® Oral Fluid Collection Device
• Oral Fluid Drug Assays Used in Laboratory
K2 Overview
• No quality control
• Manufacturing process may be associated with
adverse effects
• Subjective effects most closely resemble those
of very powerful marijuana
• Almost complete lack of scientific study
• Street information very inconsistent
Mitragyna Speciosa
• Used in:
– Malaysia
– Thailand
– Indonesia
• Local names:
– Ithang
– Biak Biak
– Ketum
– Kakuam
Kratom Pharmacology
•
•
•
•
Mitragynine
Structurally similar to some hallucinogens
No hallucinogenic activity or effects
Acts on opioid receptors
Kratom & Opioid Treatment
• Currently used for heroin and methadone
dependence in some countries
– New Zealand
– Thailand
• Used in detox to manage withdrawal
symptoms from opioids
• Millenium Labs announced test Aug. 2012
Kratom & Opioid Treatment
• www.bluelight.ru
– Forum with much Kratom info
– Participants using Kratom to week off of oxy,
heroin, Bup, etc.
– Majority unable to ween off of Kratom
– Descriptions of withdrawal
– Descriptions of how to prepare & dosage
– Descriptions of which to buy and where
Kratom
• Seems to be a stimulant in lower doses
– Mitragynine
• Seems to be sedative in higher doses
– 7 hydroxymitragynine
• Often produces a mixed effect
• Onset 5 t o 10 minutes
• Duration several hours
Kratom Side Effects
• Short term (immediate)
– Dry mouth
– Increased or decrease urination
– Loss of appetite
– Nausea and/or vomiting
• Side effects
– Anorexia/weight loss
– Depression
– Addiction
Kratom
EFFECTS
•Kratom is often described as producing simultaneous, contradictory effectsboth an opiate-like sedation and coca-like stimulation. The stimulating effects
tend to predominate at low dose levels, which may cause alertness, energy,
and mild euphoria. Higher level doses are usually more tranquilizing, causing
an opiate-like dreamy effect. Excessive doses can cause severe nausea. As
with opium, it is known for causing constipation, and is sometimes used as a
treatment for diarrhea.
Onset
•When taken orally, the effects of kratom usually become noticeable in 15-20
minutes and clearly apparent in 30-60 minutes. Strong doses tend to have a
more quicker, more dramatic onset.
Duration
•A moderate dose of kratom may cause strong effects that last 2-4 hours, with
residual effects lasting hours longer.
Kratom
Visual Effects
•Some visual effects have been reported, including both open-eye and closedeye effects. Effects reported include wavering, shifting, and strobing in the
visual field. There was also some patterning with eyes closed, as well as
increased closed-eye visualizations.
PROBLEMS
•Kratom is not known to be toxic, but can cause unpleasant symptoms at high
doses such as nausea and vomiting. Regular use can lead to physical
dependency. Kratom use can cause constipation similar to that caused by
opiates. Chronic heavy use is reported to cause darkening of skin, insomnia,
dry mouth, and anorexia.
Addiction Potential
•There are reports of physical dependency after frequent, heavy kratom use.
Individuals who use it regularly or in large doses may have trouble quitting.
Withdrawal symptoms include irritability, yawning, diarrhea, runny nose, and
pain in the joints or muscles.
•http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=You+Tube+Kratom&view=detail&mid=E
C48A0AFEDFBEA20762AEC48A0AFEDFBEA20762A&first=0&FORM=LKVR1
6
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•
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Kratom & E-Cigarettes
• Kratomite
Adventure Industries' Kratomite is the world's first
electronic cigarette to deliver Kratom, a medicinal herb
known for its concentration of alkaloids, according to the
company. Kratom interacts with opioid receptors, which
may offer users relaxing sensations. Unlike tobaccoalternative electronic cigarettes, Kratomite is a personal
vaporizer that uses a proprietary, herbal-infused formula,
said the maker.
Adventure Industries
Pembroke Park, Fla.
(800) 999-2483, ext. 1287
sales@adventureindustries.com
Mephedrone
(4-Methylmethcathinone)
Bath Salts
• Toxic psychoactive drugs “disguised” or
“pretending” to be “Bath Salts”
• They are NOT
• Some people have snorted real BS’s
“Bath Salts” Are
Khat
• Native to tropical East Africa and the
Arabian Peninsula
• Fresh Leaves/tops chewed or consumed
as tea
• Stimulation and euphoria
• Part of social culture in many countires
(coffee, tea, coca or khat)
Khat
• Coca ---------------cocaine
• Khat ----------------cathinone (Schedule I)
• Cathinones: Structure similar to
amphetamines
– Euphoria
– Anorexia
– Stimulation
– Dilated pupils
– Hypnagogic hallucinations when wearing off
What are Synthetic Cathinones?
• Synthetic cathinones are related to the parent
compound cathinone.
• Since the mid-2000s, unregulated ringsubstituted cathinone derivatives have appeared
in the European and American recreational
drugs market.
What are Synthetic Cathinones?
• The most commonly available synthetic
cathinones sold on the recreational market in the
period up to 2012 appear to be 3, 4Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV),
mephedrone, and methylone.
• These products are usually encountered as
highly pure white or brown powders. Cathinone
derivatives are claimed to have effects similar to
those of cocaine, amphetamine or MDMA
(ecstasy), but little is known of their detailed
pharmacology.
Mephedrone Background
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Discovered 1929
Rediscovered 2003 web site “The Hive”
Was a replacement for Ecstasy
Sold as “plant food” & later “bath salts”
Manufactured in clandestine labs
Methylenedioxypyrpvalerone (MDPV)
Known as substituted cathinones
MDPV Timeline
• MDPV was developed in the 1960s, and has been
used for the treatment of chronic fatigue, but
caused problems of abuse and dependence.
• 1969: Boehringer Ingelheim files a patent
application for MDPV.
• 2005: MDPV appears as a recreational drug; first
mention on Drugs-Forum.
• 2007: First seizure of MDPV as a recreational
drug, by customs officials in the German state of
Saxony. The drug had been shipped from China.
• 2008: First seizure of MDPV in the United States.
MDPV Timeline
• 2009: MDPV made illegal in Denmark.
• 2010: MDPV made a controlled drug in the UK, Sweden,
Germany, Australia and Finland. First reports of the
widespread retail marketing of 'bath salts' containing
MDPV in the US. The US considers both Mephedrone
(July, 2010) and MDPV (December, 2010) "a drug and
chemical of concern".
• 2011& 2012: MDPV sale and possession are banned in
most US states with legislation being introduced in
Maryland and other states.
•
Bath Salts (Cathinones)
Appearance
• Distinctive odor
– Fishy
– Vanilla
– Stale urine
– Bleach
– Circuit boards
Cathinones Use
• Capsules, tablets or white granuels
• Can be swallowed, smoked, snorted,
injected
• Prominent use in Europe
• Out of 70 Dutch users of mephedrone, 58
described it as an overall pleasant
experience and 12 described it as an
unpleasant experience
Cathinones Effects
• Duration
– Total 2 – 5 hours
– Onset 15-45 minutes
– Coming up 15 – 30 minutes
– Plateau 15 – 30 minutes
– Coming down 30 – 90 minutes
– After effects 2 – 4 hours
Cathinones Desired Effects
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Mental and physical stimulation
Euphoria, mood lift
Feelings of empathy, openness
Increase in sociability, desire to talk with
others
• Pleasurable rushing
• Sense of being sped up
Cathinones General Effects
• General change in consciousness (as with most
psycho-actives)
• Decreased appetite
• Pupil dilation
• Unusual body sensations (facial flushing, chills,
goose bumps, body energy)
• Change in body temperature regulation
• Sweating
• Increase in heart rate and blood pressure
Cathinones General Effects
• Sleep deprivation
• Bruxism
• Motor automatisms (compulsive repeated
hand washing)
• Hyper-alertness
Cathinones Toxic Effects
• Strong desire to re-dose, craving to
recapture initial euphoric rush
• Uncomfortable changes in body
temperature (sweating/chills)
• Heart palpitations, sense of racing heart
• Impaired short term memory
• Insomnia
• Skin lesions (?)
Cathinones Toxic Effects
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Severe paranoia
Psychosis (Excited Delirium)
Hypersexuality
Aggression
Hallucinations
Anxiety and depression
Seizures
Bath Salt Data
• American Association of Poison Control
Centers # of calls
• June 9, 2012 report
• Year 2010
#304
• Year 2011
#6,138
• Year 2012
#2,656
• Year 2013 Jan-April
#350
Cathinones Treatment Issues
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Similar to strong amphetamine addiction
Similar to PCP abuse/addiction
Non-psychotic withdrawal use Benzo’s
Stabilization and Safety highest priority
– Safety of client
– Safety of staff and others
Cathinones Treatment Issues
• If psychotic or dissociated need to
medicate
– Neuroleptics:
• Haldol for emergency stabilization
• Atypicals (Seroquel/Respirdol/etc.) for ongoing
stabilization
• Decease sensory exposure
– “Rock or Rave” medicine
– Talking down bad trips
– De-escalation techniques
Cathinones Treatment Issues
• Once stable and safe be aware of
cognitive impairment
• May need “tincture of time” to grasp
recovery
• Supportive non threatening environment
• Screen for COD (high probability)
– Buproprion for concurrent depression
Synthetic Cathinones Effects
Summary Sheet
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Aggression
Agitation
Breathing difficulty
Bruxism (grinding
teeth)
Confusion
Dizziness
Extreme anxiety
sometimes
progressing to violent
behavior
Fits and delusions
Hallucinations
Headache
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Hypertension (high
blood pressure)
Increased
alertness/awareness
Increased body
temperature, chills,
sweating
Insomnia
Kidney pain
Lack of appetite
Liver failure
Loss of bowel control
Muscle spasms
Muscle tenseness
Vasoconstriction
(narrowing of the
blood vessels)
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Nausea, stomach cramps,
and digestive problems
Nosebleeds
Psychotic delusions
Pupil dilation
Renal failure
Rhabdomyolysis (release
of muscle fiber contents
[myoglobin] that could
lead to kidney problems)
Severe paranoia
Suicidal thoughts
Tachycardia (rapid
heartbeat)
Tinnitus
Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention
Act of 2012
• July 10, 2012 President signed Law
making temporary law permanent
• October 1, 2012 Synthetic Drugs now
listed as Schedule I
• All substituted cathinones now Schedule I
• Chemists working on making noncathinone stimulants
http://www.ncsl.org/issuesresearch/justice/synthetic-drug-threats.aspx
Prevention For K2 & Bath Salts
• Heighten awareness via Education
– Schools, parent groups, community groups, law
enforcement, medical & treatment, etc.
• Legislation against precursor chemicals
• Legislation making drugs Schedule I
– Patrick Meehan “Synthetic Drug Control Act”
• Goes into effect October 1, 2012!!!
• “Hit the retailers in their pocket book”
– Civil suits by victims (users and families)
– Authorities appealing to retailers with amnesty if stop
and destroy
Urine Detection Information
• Redwood Toxicology Laboratory shows
currently they have detection for MDPV and
Mephedrone. (see w.K2info.org/drugtesting)
• June 11, 2012 Redwood expanded to test
for #21 designer stimulants
• http://www.redwoodtoxicology.com/services/designer
_stimulant_testing.html
• Atlantic Labs- Bensalem, PA Bath Salts
$20.00 and K2 $15.00.
• Most labs now testing
– Check with your lab
On-Site Testing
• Many labs now have available
• On site urine may be useful in treatment
• Problem: labs report as high as 35-40%
false negatives with on-site.
– On-site shows no use but when testing for
accuracy they send to lab for confirm and up
to 40% tested positive
• Saliva test available
2C-1 or “Smiles”
• Reports now in Mid-Atlantic states (Sept
2012)
• Prevalent on YouTube (users)
• Similar to a mix of ecstasy & LSD but with
longer high & higher potency than either
• Unusual & unpredictable effects
• Not detectable like bath salts
• Potency not consistent from batch to batch
2C-1 or Smiles
• Usually sold in white powder form and can
be melted into chocolate candy, but can
also be taken as a tablet
• Also sold as breath mint or drops
• Both a hallucinogen and a stimulant- has
been linked to recent teen deaths
• Can cause heart to beat out of control,
seizures and foaming at the mouth
Krokodil
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Opioid- desomorphine
Result of attempt to extract codeine
Injected can be used by other routes
Russia & spreading through Europe
Tissue breakdown
Highly addicting- Usually fatal
Desomorphine
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•
•
8-10 X more potent than morphine
First discovered in 1932
Sedative & opioid effects
Made from codeine, red phosphorous &
Iodine (similar to methamphetamine)
• Made in 30 minutes & injected
immediately
• Produces gangrene & phlebitis
Molly’s
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Pure “molecule” of MDMA
Popular in rap music lyrics
Used at parties and raves
Lately Molly’s have contained cathinones
Familiar effects of XTC
– Bruxism, hyperthermia, anxiety, depression,
dehydration, etc
Salvia divinorum
•
•
•
•
Regulated in PA
Legal for over 21 y.o. in MD
Not regulated by Feds
Dissociative effects
– Visions and hallucinations
• Purchased on internet or locally
• Most potent hallucinogen mg by mg
• Smoked
Benzo Fury
• 6- APB
• Entactogenic phenylethylamine
• Not scheduled and not approved for
human consumption by FDA
• Use is rapidly on rise
• Number of websites selling on the rise
• Sold as “research chemical”
Benzo Fury
• Effects including both positive and
negative ones.Increased happiness,
euphoria, extreme mood lift, increased
self-acceptance, feelings of a peace and
love toward others, increased intimacy and
closeness with others, closed-eye
hallucinations, ability to discuss topics with
others that would not normally be
discussed, pleasurable body rushes,
increased sexual interest,
Weed Oil or “Honey”
• Recent resurgence
• Butane method popular
– Fires & explosions
• Solvent with heat extracts the THC
– 30% and higher THC
• Recipes & cook books on web
• YouTube demonstrations
Weed Oil or “Honey”
• Onset of action longer 45 to 60 minutes
• Duration of action 6 hours and maybe
longer
• Intensity of high greater due to high THC
• Can also be smoked
• Vaporizers used
Weed Oil or “Honey”
• Edible Marijuana
• Ice Cream
Points to Ponder
• WHAT
– Did I learn today?
– What do I think about it?
– How do I feel about it?
• So WHAT
– Does this information mean to me
professionally and personally?????