Overview and Introduction:
What is Regionalism?
April 13, 2006
Regional Anatomy I
Ken JIMBO
Course Description


This course is primarily offered for the International
Advanced Degrees Program of Graduate School of Media
and Governance, but also widely opens for
graduate/undergraduate students at SFC.
The working language for this course is English. All
lectures, discussions, presentations and essays are
conducted in English. Therefore, students who wish to
enroll for this course should be highly eligible in reading,
writing and communicating in English.
Students’ Requirements (1)




Complete both the mid-term report (minimum 1200
words) and the final report (minimum 2400 words).
The midterm report focuses on the critical review of
the theoretical and empirical aspects of regionalism
(in East Asia), based on the lectures and readings at
the early stage of this course.
As for the final report, students are expected to
discover your own issue areas (of any kind that
related to regional governance/anatomy) to analyze
the dynamics of regionalism.
Details for these assignments are to be notified at
the class.
Students’ Requirement (2)



Make an original presentation on the subject which
you deal with on the final report, either at 11th (29th
June), 12th (6th July) or 13th (13th July) class. Your
research focus, outlines and tentative findings should
be presented.
The length of presentation may differ by numbers of
students who take this course (15-20 minutes each?)
If numbers were limited (less than 20 students), you
are also expected to be a primary discussant for at
least one class.
Evaluation and Grade

Mid-term Report (30%)

Final Report (40%)

Class Participation and Presentation (30%)
Course Schedules (1)
1) April 13
Overview and Introduction: What is Regionalism?
2) April 20
Regionalism & Regional Integration
3) April 27
Regionalism in Asia-Pacific after WWII to Asian
Economic Crisis
4) May 11
Emerging Regionalization in East Asia: Whither East
Asian Community?
5) May 18
New Dynamics of Multilateral Security in Asia-Pacific
6) May 25
Sub-Regionalism and Ad-hoc Regionalism: Case for
Asia
7) June 1
New Security Threats and Global Integration: View
from a Region
Course Schedules (2)
8) June 8
Japan's Foreign Policy and Regionalism I : Historical
Aspects
9) June 15
Japan's Foreign Policy and Regionalism II: US-Japan
Security Relations
10) June 22
Japan's Foreign Policy and Regionalism III: Agenda
for the Future
11) June 29
Students' Presentation
12) July 6
Students' Presentation
13) July 13
Students' Presentation and Conclusion
Introduction:
What is Regionalism?
Defining ‘Region’

In International Relations, it generally indicates the
multilateral groupings of neighboring nations
(eg. Europe, Middle East, East Asia)


The primary common sense usage connotes physical
contiguity and societal homogeneity. Within state
actors, contiguity and proximity seems to be an
important prerequisite for creating and maintaining a
sense of unity.
Indeed proximity seems to be a necessary, although
not sufficient condition for confident stipulation of a
region.
‘Region’ beyond geography?

Case 1 “East Asia Summit”

ASEAN + 3 Process


ASEAN + Japan, China, Korea (3)
East Asia Summit

ASEAN + 3 + Australia, New Zealand, India
Which represents ‘East Asia’?
How do you react if Australian identify
themselves as East Asian?
‘Region’ beyond cultural bond?

Case 2: “EU expansion to Turkey”


EU Member States: Christian community
Turkey: Islamic community
If a region expands beyond ties of cultural
bindings, what are guiding principles of
making a region?
Functional ‘Region’

Economic Integration





Free Trade Area, customers union, common markets
Economic interdependence
Security Complex

(see David A. Lake and Patrik Morgan 1997)
Region united by common security problems
“A group of states whose primary security concerns link
together sufficiently closely…”
Functional relations

(see Edward L. Mansfield, Helen V. Milner 1997)
Environment, Transnational Issues…etc.
Defining ‘Regionalism’

Cognitive definition
A complex of attitudes, loyalties and ideas which
concentrates the individual and collective minds of
people(s) upon what they perceive as ‘their’ region.

Functional Definition:
A functional relation that bundles multiple nations with
their political, economic and cultural inheritance, often
based on the geographical advantage
Why ‘Regionalism’ matters?

Deepening and widening process of
globalization made ‘region’ in the different
context


How the current process of regionalism is
different from ones of decades ago?
Were there any historical trends or waves of
‘making of a region’?
How ‘Region’ inter-relates with other
frameworks?

The rise of ‘Regionalism’ in the era of
globalization, and upheaval of nationalism


Are regions formed as exclusive character, or
inclusive/open groupings?
What are the relations between global
frameworks, bilateral frameworks and rational
choices of governments?
Globalism / Regionalism / Bilateralism
Economic Sphere
Security Sphere
Global Framework
GATT / IMF
UN / Multinational
Mega-Regionalism
APEC
ARF / OSCE
Regionalism
Coalition
Bilateralism
EU / ASEAN +3
Multilateral FTAs
Bilateral FTAs
EU / ASEAN
Anti-Terrorism
Bilateral Alliance
Regionalism Overview
OSCE
NATO
EU
NAFTA
Japan/Korea/China
GCC
ASEAN+3
ECOWAS
ARF
APEC
FTAA
ＡＳＥＡＮ
ＡＵ
MELCOSUR
PIF
Creation of a ‘Region’
Regionalism: Typology

Mega/Wide-Regionalism


Sub-Regionalism



APEC, ARF, ASEM
ASEAN
Japan-China-Korea
Functional Regionalism


Anti-Terrorism Cooperation
Proliferation Security Initiative (PSI)
Agenda Ahead



Regionalism & Regional Integration
Regionalism in Asia-Pacific after WWII to Asian
Economic Crisis
Emerging Regionalization in East Asia: Whither East
Asian Community?

New Dynamics of Multilateral Security in Asia-Pacific

Sub-Regionalism and Ad-hoc Regionalism: Case for Asia