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Annual growth rate
 Birth Rate – Death rate
Doubling time
 70/rate
Annual growth rate
 1804 - 1927
 1927 – 1959
 1959- 1974
 1974-1987
 1987-1999
 1999-2011
Most of human history was in a state of dynamic equilibrium.

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Why the sudden increase?
Deaths declined
 Medical advances
 Vaccines: 1730
 Cell Theory: 1870
 Penicillin: 1928

THOMAS MALTHUS
 Reproduce faster than food is produced
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Results
KARL MARX
Human condition
Unequal distribution of wealth
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
Overpopulation
Depletion of natural resources, unemployment
 Poverty
Which causes
 Overpopulation
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Increase Environmental
Resistance
A Modest Proposal
Solution
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
Take from the rich and give to the poor
Communist Manifesto

.
…
.
YES
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It puts a burden on our finite resources
1.2 billion do not have safe water to drink
Greater resource demand
 Larger cities
 More pollution
 Greater chance of diseases spreading
NO
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Overconsumption is the issue
For ever mouth, there are a pair of hands and that will find a solution for their needs.
Opportunity for human prosperity
 Economic , technological growth

 World population growth rate peaked in
1960’s, then began to decrease

Population Density versus Population
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Cultural Carrying Capacity (I = P*T*A)
We can fit into TX.
World's population 7,000,000,000.
The landmass of Texas 7,500,000,000,000 sq. ft.
How many square feet does each person get?
How much of an acre (43,560 sq. ft./acre)?

 Which causes more harm to the environment, high population growth rates or overconsumption ?

Different growth rates = Different problems
 Rapid growth
▪ Migration to cities. Increases poverty, crime, disease
▪ Money is diverted from education, infrastructure
 Negative growth
▪ Graying population
▪ Economic declines

 Fertility rates
 1.0, 2.1, or 6.o
 What decides?
 Religion
 Economy
 Government
 Carrying capacity

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Policy
 Focus on population size
 Focus on social justice
Government
 Equal rights, empower women
 India: forced sterilizations
Religious
 Pres. Bush eliminated funding for Planned
Parenthood
Economics
 Demographics transition

 Demographic transition