Biology Unit 4
Review
Flashcards
*Questions about Food Chains
& Food Webs should come from
your Review Packet!!
What is the equation for
Photosynthesis?
Sunlight + 6Carbon Dioxide + 6Water  Glucose + 6Oxygen
Describe the energy conversion that
takes place during Photosynthesis.
Sunlight (Light/Kinetic Energy ) is
converted into Chemical Potential
Energy (stored in the bonds of
glucose).
Which organisms “do”
Photosynthesis?
Autotrophs or Producers
What is the equation for
Respiration?
Glucose + 6Oxygen  6Carbon Dioxide + 6Water + ATP
Describe the energy transfer that
takes place during Respiration.
Chemical Potential Energy is
transferred from the bonds of
Glucose to the phosphate bonds
of ATP.
Which organisms do Respiration
ONLY?
Heterotrophs…
But remember that autotrophs do
Photosynthesis & Respiration
What role do Autotrophs play in
the cycling of energy?
Autotrophs take in light-energy and
convert it into chemical potential
energy stored in sugars…..
What role do Heterotrophs
play in the cycling of energy?
Heterotrophs consume the sugars
produced during photosynthesis,
and release their stored energy to
make ATP…
How much energy, from a given
trophic level, transfers to the
next?
Approximately 10%
How much energy, from a given
trophic level, is lost as heat?
Approximately 90%
Which trophic level has the
MOST available energy?
The FIRST.
Which trophic level has the
LEAST amount of available
energy?
The FOURTH.
Where do you start counting
for Trophic Levels?
The producers/autotrophs/plants!
Where do you start counting for
Heterotroph / Consumer Levels?
The first Animal!!
What is matter?
Anything with mass and volume.
What is energy?
The ability to do work.
What are the 2 types of energy?
Potential & Kinetic
What does the Law of
Thermodynamics state?
• Energy cannot be created or
destroyed.
• Energy is converted.
• Every time energy is converted,
some is “lost”, thus increasing
disorder or entropy in a system.
What is the original energy
source for an ecosystem?
Sun
What are the first organisms
in any food chain?!
Autotrophs or Producers
Examples:
Plants
Algae
Phytoplankton
What is an autotroph?
An organism which can make its
own food by converting
sunlight/chemical energy into
sugars.
What is a heterotroph?
An organism which cannot make its
own food, and has to eat other
plants/animals.
What does abiotic mean?
Non-living.
What are some abiotic
aspects/factors in an ecosystem?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The amount of sunlight
The temperature
The amount of water
The quality of the water
The concentration of acid/salt in water
The types of minerals present
Soil Type
What does biotic mean?
living
What are some biotic
aspects/factors within an
ecosystem?
• Plants
• Numbers & Types of Plants
• Animals
• Numbers & Types of Animals
• Anything living!
What would happen if all
autotrophs were removed from
an ecosystem?
All animals would eventually die
because they would not have
usable energy!
What would happen if all
herbivores were removed from
an ecosystem?
• Plant populations would increase
• Carnivore/Omnivore populations
would decrease
What would happen if all
carnivores were removed from an
ecosystem?
• Herbivore & Omnivore
populations would increase
• Plant populations would decrease
What is an herbivore?
An organism which eats plant
material only.
What is a carnivore?
An organism which eats animal
material only.
What is an omnivore?
An organism whose diet is
balanced with plant and animal
material.
What is a decomposer?
An organism which consumes dead
plant and animal matter, releasing
the nutrients back into the
ecosystem.
What is most of the energy
obtained by organisms used for?
•
•
•
•
•
Life processes
Respiration
Moving
Reproducing
Maintaining Homeostasis
Why is matter recycled, but
energy flows through an
ecosystem?
• Matter = Atoms
– Matter is only transformed
– Not broken down or “lost” or “unusable”
• Energy
– Energy is constantly converted
– Energy is always “lost”
– Only available energy continues through
(flowing in one direction)
How is carbon stored on earth?
•
•
•
•
Carbon Dioxide in the air…
Carbon in all living things…
In the ground as fossil fuels…
In the ocean as dissolved Carbon
Dioxide…
Which organisms play a
CRUCIAL role in the cycling of
nitrogen?
• Bacteria
• Legumes
• Decomposers
How do bacteria cycle nitrogen?
• Convert Nitrogen Gas into Ammonia
• Convert Ammonia into Nitrates
How do autotrophs cycle
carbon?
They take in carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere, and release carbon in the
form of glucose….
How do heterotrophs cycle
carbon?
They consume carbon-based
glucose, and release waste and
carbon dioxide gas into the
atmosphere…
What is a food chain?
A single series of feeding
relationships in an ecosystem.
What is a food web?
A diagram which shows the
complex interaction of all
organisms within an ecosystem.
A Wolf eats a Frog that ate a Fly that
ate some Grass…… Which organism
has the MOST energy?
The grass…
A Wolf eats a Frog that ate a Fly that
ate some Grass…… Which organism
has the LEAST energy?
The Wolf…
A Wolf eats a Frog that ate a Fly that
ate some Grass…… Which
heterotroph has the MOST energy?
The Fly…
A Wolf eats a Frog that ate a Fly that
ate some Grass…… What is/are the
autotroph/s?
The grass.
A Wolf eats a Frog that ate a Fly that
ate some Grass…… What are the
heterotrophs?
• Fly
• Frog
• Wolf
A Wolf eats a Frog that ate a Fly that
ate some Grass…… Which organism
is the herbivore?
The Fly.
A Wolf eats a Frog that ate a Fly that
ate some Grass…… List out the
trophic levels.
•
•
•
•
Grass = 1st Trophic level
Fly = 2nd Trophic level
Frog = 3rd Trophic level
Wolf = 4th Trophic level
A Wolf eats a Frog that ate a Fly that
ate some Grass…… List out the
Consumer Levels.
• Fly = 1st Consumer level
• Frog = 2nd Consumer level
• Wolf = 3rd Consumer level