KIN 464 - Health Promotion &
Physical Activity
• Introduction to Health Promotion
• Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
January 5, 2016
INSTRUCTOR: Lori Bowie
Please sign one of the attendance sheets being circulated . If your last name is not
listed, add your name, signature and student number to the final sheet.
Today’s Class
•
•
•
•
Introductions
What to expect in this course
Health Promotion – introduction/definitions
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
Course Blog
Please refer to the course
blog before each class to
access skeleton lecture
slides, post your questions
and check for important
announcements/course
information.
http://blogs.ubc.ca/kin464/
Course Evaluation
Assignment
Percentage of Final Grade
Due Dates
3 Quizzes (non-cumulative)
15% x 3 = 45%
Thursday, Feb 4
Thursday, March 10
Thursday, April 7
Community Health Mapping –
Preliminary Evidence-Based
Report
5% group mark for the
introduction and conclusion
20% individual mark for each
task (see below)
9:30am Feb 25 Submit a group
pdf by email to the instructor
and provide one hard copy in
class
Community Health Mapping –
Final Briefing Report
20% group mark
9:30am March 24 Submit a
group pdf by email to the
instructor and provide one hard
copy in class
Community Health Mapping –
Peer Participation
10%
April 7, must be in class
Please note: Group participation is mandatory.
Creating
groups
(4 students/group)
http://blogs.ubc.ca/
kin464/groups/
Communities of
Practice Worksheet
Please email your
completed form to
Lori by Friday –
January 14
Participation in Class
Yes, please!! Together we will all learn more.
Questions and comments welcomed.
Expect to share ideas and discuss
concepts and issues in pairs, trios
and small groups every class.
Why health promotion?
• Chronic disease and obesity are prominent
health issues that are significantly influenced
by health behaviours and living conditions
• Healthy lifestyle messaging on its own is
ineffective
• Low socio-economic status is globally accepted
as a primary determinant of health
7
Why Promote Physical Activity?
Active for life
0 yrs
99 yrs
Physical Activity:
Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy
expenditure (CSEP; WHO).
Activeforlife.ca
From 2005 to 2015
• Cardiovascular diseases
– will still be single
leading cause of death people dying, mainly
from heart disease and
stroke;
• Globally deaths from
chronic diseases will
increase by 17% between
2005 and 2015
http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/full_report.pdf
Healthy Lifestyles?
Canadian Community Health Survey (2011-2012):
•
•
•
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1 in 6 aged 12 yrs+ hypertension or high blood pressure.
59.6% consume less than 5 fruits and vegetables per day
24% age 15+ most days were extremely or quite stressful
52% of adults height and weight = obese or overweight (60% of men
and 44% of women)
Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009-2011):
• ONLY about 15% of Canadian adults meet the new physical activity
guidelines = 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic
physical activity/week
http://www.statcan.gc.ca
Premature Death in Canada
In 2008:
• 40% premature deaths (<age 75)
• cancers, injuries and circulatory diseases = main causes of preventable
death for both males and females.
• leading risk factors :
– tobacco use and high blood pressure
– overweight and obesity, physical inactivity, high blood glucose, high
cholesterol, low fruit and vegetable intake, exposure to urban air
pollution, alcohol use and occupational risk factors.
• significant socio-economic (SES) disparities in preventable mortality:
lowest SES neighbourhoods = 2 X (highest SES)
Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2012). Health Indicators 2012. Ottawa, Ont. Retrieved from:
https://secure.cihi.ca/free_products/health_indicators_2012_en.pdf http://www.statcan.gc.ca/
Increasing
• Between 1981 and
2007/2009 – obesity doubled
• Becoming more severe
• Fitness levels decreasing
• Trend in all age groups
– children, youth, adults
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/hp-ps/hl-mvs/oicoac/assets/pdf/oic-oac-eng.pdf
Pan-Canadian Public Health
Network Partners in Public Health
http://www.phn-rsp.ca/
www.towardsahealthiercanada.ca
Source: Statistics Canada. Measured adult body mass index (BMI) by age
group and sex , household population age 18 and over excluding pregnant
females, Canada (excluding territories) (CANSIM table 105-0507). Ottawa:
Statistics Canada, 2009.
Healthy Lifestyles
• Do you eat 5 or more
servings of fruit and
vegetables each day?
• Do you exercise 30
minutes at a moderate to
vigorous intensity on 5 or
more days each week?
• Are you a non-smoker?
Your top 10 Tips for Being Healthy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Common “Modifiable” Lifestyle Related Risk Factors
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
stress
physical inactivity
smoking
poor diet
lack of sleep
overweight/obese
high blood pressure
alcohol and drug consumption
Health
Education
Behaviour
Change
So Now What?
Defining Health Promotion
‘the process of enabling people to increase control
over the determinants of health and thereby improve
their health” (WHO, 1986).
• a comprehensive process
• Involving actions directed at:
– strengthening the skills and capabilities of individuals
– empowering communities
– changing social, environmental and economic conditions to
improve public and individual health.
19
Health Promotion practitioners focus on the planned change of
health-related lifestyles and life conditions through a
variety of individual and environmental strategies.
Individual
Lifestyles
Health Education
Social Marketing
Mass Communication
Environmental
Life Conditions
Source:
Rootman,
Dupéré,
Pederson &
O'Neill
(2012) p. 23
Political Action
Community
Organization
Organizational
development
Maintained or improved health and well-being of individuals and communities
Health Promotion
Key Concepts, Values, Principles
Multidimensional
positive view of
health
Participation
Social justice &
Equity
Empowerment
Community
engagement
Partnerships
Multi-sectoral
Collaboration
Healthy Public
Policy
Advocacy
Socio-ecological
approach
Quality of Life
Community
Development
Health is:
•
a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity (WHO, 1948).
•
a resource for everyday life. It is a positive concept
emphasizing social and personal resources as well as
physical capabilities (WHO, 1986).
•
a determinant of quality of life (WHO, 2005).
22
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
1st International Conference on Health Promotion
21 November 1986
“Health is created and lived by people within the
settings of their everyday life; where they learn,
work, play and love” (WHO, 1986).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ1H2ojwb2Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxPcskOi6m4
Health Promotion Actions
Ottawa Charter (WHO, 1986)
• Advocate
• Enable
• Mediate
1.
•
2.
•
3.
•
4.
•
5.
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Build Healthy Public Policy
Create Supportive Environments
Strengthen Community Actions
Develop Personal Skills
Reorient Health Services
• Moving to the Future
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/phsp/docs/charter-chartre/pdf/charter.pdf
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
1st International Conference on Health Promotion
Ottawa, WHO 1986
Health – a resource for
everyday life, not the objective
of living.
Health - a positive concept
emphasizing social and
personal resources, as well as
physical capacities.
• not just the responsibility of
the health sector
• beyond healthy life-styles to
well-being
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/phsp/docs/charter-chartre/pdf/charter.pdf
HISTORICAL TRENDS IN SMOKING Over the past half century, there has been a
substantial drop in smoking in Canada: about half of Canadians smoked in 1965,
compared to about one in six in 2012.
http://www.mantrainc.ca/assets/tobaccouseincanada_2014.pdf
Percentage of current and daily smokers, by sex, 12 and older,
Canada, 2001 to 2011
http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-624-x/2012001/article/chart/11676-01-chart1-eng.htm
Tobacco Reduction - Group Activity
Ottawa Charter’s
Recommended
Actions
Build Healthy
Public Policy
What factors are you aware of that have
contributed to the reduction in tobacco use?
1.
2.
Create Supportive 1.
2.
Environments
Strengthen
Community Actions
1.
2.
Develop Personal
Skills
1.
2.
Reorient Health
Services
2.
A comprehensive, multisectoral, multidimensional,
1.
long-term strategy approach.
Socio-economic Gradient in
Health Status
“ Poverty is not a lifestyle” (Raphael, 2009)
Raphael, D. (2009). In D. Raphael (Ed.) Social Determinants of Health (2nd ed.)
Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.
29
This week’s required readings
• Rootman, I., Dupéré, S., Pederson, A., & O'Neill,
M. (2012). Health Promotion in Canada: Critical
Perspectives on Practice. Canadian Scholars’
Press. Read Chapter 2: p. 18-32
• World Health Organization. (1986). Ottawa
charter for health promotion. Available online at:
http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferenc
es/previous/ottawa/en/index.html