MCS 122 Chapter 5 Review of Basic Integration Some of the material in these slides is from Calculus 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Antiderivatives Definition: A function F is called an antiderivative of a function f on an interval I if F’(x) = f(x) for all x in I. Definition: The notation f (x) dx is used for an antiderivative of f and is called an indefinite integral. Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Antiderivatives = Family of Functions 1 3 x dx 3 x C 2 Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Integration Practice – Solutions at end of Slides 7 2 1. Evaluate sec x dx 5x a) 7 x 2 tan x C 10 b) 7 ln x tan x C 5 c) 7 ln x tan x C 5 d) 7 ln x 1 sec 3 x C 5 3 Question 1 Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. The Area Problem Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. To compute area we use the idea of approximating rectangles. Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Rectangular approximation for n Area = k 1 f ( x k* ) x This is called a “Riemann Sum” for the area. Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Definition of Area for a continuous function Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Riemann sums yield “signed” area Riemann Sum area = area above x-axis – area below x-axis Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Three Common Approximations Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Definite Integral Definition of Definite Integral: If f(x) is a function defined for a ≤ x ≤ b, we divide the inetrval [a,b] into n subintervals of equal width Δx = (b-a)/n. We let x0 =a, x1 , x2 , …, xn (=b) be the endpoints of these subintervals and we let x1* , x2* , …, xn* be any sample points in these subintervals. Then, the definite integral of f from a to b is b a n f (x) dx lim f (x *i ) x n i1 provided this limit exists and gives the same value for all possible choices of sample points. If the limit exists, we say f is integrable on [a,b] Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Continuous Functions are Integrable Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Definite Integral Rules Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Definite Integral Rules Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Definite Integral Rules Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Definite Integral vs Antiderivatives We have seen two basic ideas so far: Antiderivative: Computes a family of functions f ( x)dx Definite Integral: Computes a number = area b a f ( x)dx Is there a connection between these two? Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus – Part I Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Fundamental Theorem of Calculus – Part II (Also called the Net Change Theorem in Stewart) Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Integration Practice – Solutions at end of Slides 2. Evaluate 8 1 2 2 5x 3 4 x dx a) 89.5 b) 97.5 c) 96.5 Question 2 d) -89.5 Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Integration Practice – Solutions at end of Slides 3. Find the area under the curve y x over the interval [9, 16]. a) 91 2 b) 24 3 c) 37 2 d) 24 3 Question 3 Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Integration Practice – Solutions at end of Slides 4. Use part 2 of the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus to find: d x t3 dt 1 dx tant 1 2 3x a) sec 2 x 1 t 3 b) tant 1 2 3 2 c) 3x tanx 1 x sec x 1 tan 2 x 1 d) 3 x tanx 1 Question 4 Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Answers 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. d Calculus, 9/E by Howard Anton, Irl Bivens, and Stephen Davis Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.