Social Reform
Movements
By: Felicia McCroskey
Social Reform Movements
1. Describe Anti-immigration movements of the mid 1850’s. What were some of the problems
of the cities that helped bring rise to these movements?
2. Describe the Second Great Awakening. Who were some of its leaders?
3. What was the Temperance Movement? Who were some of its leaders?
4. Describe the efforts to reform prisons. How was Dorothea Dix involved?
5. Describe some of the reforms in education. Who were some of the leaders in this area?
6. Describe some of the reform efforts in women’s rights. What happened at Seneca Falls?
Who were some of the leaders of the movement?
7. What were some of the early efforts in support of African Americans? Who were some of the
leaders?
8. What were some of the areas of change in the arts? Who were the Transcendentalists?
Anti-Immigration
Nativism was a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants.
Nativists mostly objected Irish Roman Catholics because of their loyalty to the
Pope, and also because of their supposed rejection of republicanism.
The Know Nothing Party was a national American political party during the mid1850s. It promised to purify American politics by limiting or ending the influence of
Irish Catholics I'm other immigrants. They feared that the country was being
overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants.
Philadelphia Nativist Riot
New York
Attack in Charlestown, Massachusetts
Riot in Louisville, Kentucky or "Bloody Monday."
The Second Great
Awakening
The Second Great Awakening was a Protestant revival movement. After 1820,
membership rose rapidly among Baptist and Methodist congregations whose
preachers led the movement. It was prompted by lower interest in religion when
people were excited about the innovations of the Industrial Revolution and the
rapid expansion of U.S.
It was led by Charles Grandison Finney, Henry Ward Beecher, Lyman Beecher,
Edward Everett and Joseph Smith. It started in upstate New York, but spread to
New England and the Midwest.
The Temperance
Movement
The Temperance movement was a social movement against the
consumption of alcoholic beverages.
Some important leaders are P.T. Barnum, Neal S. Dow, and
Lyman Beecher, a Connecticut minister
Prison Reform
Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside
prisons, establish a more effective system of penalties, or
implement alternatives to incarceration.
Dorothea Dix
Dorothea Dix helped reform prisons by exposing
the true conditions of the nations prisons. She
fought to change the circumstances that
eventually led to the creation of Juvenile
Detention Centers and reduced suicide counts.
Education Reform
Educational reform was the effort to make education available to more
children.
The man who led this movement was Horace Mann, "the father of
American public schools."
Reform in Women's Rights
That reform effort evolved during the 19th century, initially emphasizing
many goals before focusing only on securing the American franchise for
women. Women activists began to question women's subservience to men
and called for rallying around the abolitionist movement as a way of calling
attention to all human rights.
Some Leaders:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony
Angelia and Sarah Grimke
Amelia Bloomer
Seneca Falls
The first gathering devoted to women’s rights in the United
States was held in July, 1848, in Seneca Falls, New York.
About 100 people attended the convention; two-thirds were
women.
African
American
Support
From the 1830s to the 1870, the Abolitionist movement attempted
to achieve the freedom of all slaves and the ending of racial
segregation and discrimination. In December 1833, over sixty
delegates of both races and genders met in Philadelphia to found
the American Anti-Slavery Society, which called slavery as a sin
that must be abolished immediately.
Some leaders were Theodore D. Weld, William Lloyd Garrison,
Arthur and Lewis Tappan, and Elizur Wright, Jr., Frederick
Douglass, Wendell Phillips, and Lucy Stone
Changes In The Arts
For many years, America was behind Europe in the arts. The American people were so
busy laying the foundations for the new country that fine art was not a priority. Folk painters
roamed rural areas in search of picturesque nature. European and grand historical themes
remained critical to the work of academic painters and sculptors.
Transcendentalists belonged to a movement in nineteenth-century American literature and
thought. It asked people to view the objects in the world as small versions of the whole
universe and to trust their individual intuitions.
*Dark romanticism
Resources
https://reformproject.wikispaces.com/Temperance+Movement+19th+Century+7
http://google.the temperance movement 1800s
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nativism_%28politics%29
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/320530/Know-Nothing-party
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Know_Nothing
http:// google.second great awakening
http://reformmovements1800s.weebly.com/education.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_reform
http://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/WIC/Historical-Essays/No-Lady/Womens-Rights/
http://www.ushistory.org/us/26c.asp
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/abolitionist-movement
http://silverepicent.com/photofound/photofound/Photograph_Found/Art_in_1800.html
http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pram/hd_pram.htm