TRANSMARA EAST SUB-COUNTY JOINT EXAMS
HISTORYAND GO VERNMENT
311/2 MARKING
SCHEME
1. State two advantage of land enclosures system in Britain
• It was easy to control animal diseases
• It was possible to practice large scale farming
• Farmers could access loans
• It allowed the use of machines (2 inks)
2. State two industries established by early man
• Tool making
• Pottery
• Weaving
• Cloth making (2 inks)
3. Name one reason that influenced man to domesticate animals
• Man realized that some animals were social
• Decrease of wild animals because man and other animals competed for the same prey
• Climatic changes at times caused animals to move away
• Poor weather
• Some animals like dogs were used for security purposes
• Some animas like cows provide milk and meat (link)
4. Give one result of the invention of the wheel in Mesapotamia
• Improved agriculture because it was used in shae of
irrigation
• Used to make good pots
• There was improved transport through making of chariots (I ink)
5. Who were the first people to use iron in the world
• The Hittites (1 mk)
6. State one term of the industries conciliation Act of
1934 in Zimbabwe
• Africans were to provide cheap manual labor
• It was illegal for African to from trade unions (lmk)
7. Identify two terms of the Berlin conference of
(1885)
• River Congo and Niger to be open to all powers
• Any power occupying any region in Africa should allow others to trade
• There was to be effective occupation in any sphere of influence
• The hinter land behind the Coastal possession of nay power belonged to such a power
8. State any two factors that led to the growth of
Athens as an early urban center
• Trade and commerce Good security as the town was surrounded by water valleys and highlands therefore no external enemy
• The port of Athens was six Kilometers from the city (2 mks)
demands are met (2mks)
16. Name one country in Africa that was not
colonized by Britain but is a member of the
commonwealth
• Cameroon
• Togo
Increased security/people steal food
9. Name any two countries that were colonized by Portugal in Africa
• Angola
• Mozambique
• Portuguese Guinea (2 mk)
10. Identify two peaceful methods used by South Africans
in their struggle from independence
• Peaceful demonstrations
• Diplomacy was used whereby OAU and UN were asked
to intervene
• Went on hunger strike
• Use of the church to preach against injustices
• Negotiation with the government to introduce change (2
n*)
11. Name one commune in Senegal where the assimilation policy was successful
• Dakar
• Rufisque St. Lous
• Goree(lmk)
12. State two roles of the Takshiffts during the Trans
Saharan trade
• Acted as tour guides
• Protected the oasis
• Acted as interpreters to the traders
• They provided security to Caravans (2 mks)
13. Give one main function of the royal five in the Mwene Mtapa Kingdom
• It was a uni’ing factors/sign of unity (1 mk)
14. Name two canal that are used for transportation
• Panama canal
• Suez canal (2 mk)
15. Identifying two demands made by Australia Hungary against Serbia following the assassination of arch duke
Ferdinard
• Anti- Austria-Hungary activities in Serbia be suppressed
• Dismiss all official guilty of Austria-Hungary propaganda in Serbia
• Demanded an explanation fro the assassination Ferdinand
• Participation of Austria to be stationed in Serbia to ensure
• Mozambique (I ink)
SECTION B: 45 MARKS
17. A State three ways in which people in the developing
countries are affected by food shortages
• Many people suffer from malnutrition
• Loss of life/death
• People rely n relief food /food aid
• Money meant for economic development is used o but
Food
• Unemployment
• Children drop out of schools because of hunger
• Many people move to other areas thus creating
congestion/refUgees 3X( 3M(ACs’
s)
b. Explain six ways that developing countries can use to reduce problem of food shortages
• Population growth rate should be controlled to much available resources
• Intensive land reclamations/ integration schemes should be undertaken in order to increase land for farming
• Educate people on environmental conservation
• Encourage people to drought resistant crops. e.g. Cassava
• Pests and disease tat destroy crops should be controlled
• Extension officers should teach people modem farming method to increase food production
• Government should promote peaceful co-existence among communities
• Advice the people to avoid ovyr-&ejiance on cash crops and grows food crops (12mks)
18. a Name three items of trade from the new world
• Minerals
• Coil on
• Tobacco
• Beverages
• Fruits tks)
b. Describe the organization of the Triangle slave trade
• Trade between three countries West Africa and European across the Atlantic Ocean
* They were exchanged with items from Wets Africa mainly slave along the coastal towns
• Slaves were required in the interior of West Africa caot and kept in bar raccoons for arrival of ships
• European slave ownership branded and shipped them to the new world
• While in America the slaves were auctioned to plantation owners miners and agricultural products that were then
exported from America to Europe for industrial processing.
Gx.a 2.x4rl2mks)
19. a Apart from coal state other sources of energy that were used in nduries in Europe during
industrial revolution.
• Oil
• Steam .
• Eleciricity (nks) M i Explain six problems industrial workers faced in
E.irope after industrial revolution
Tbr were paid low wage leading to poor living
• They were exposed to very dangerous machines noise and chemicals which led to injuries, accidents and death
• Workers were attacked by dieses like typhoid, cholera, dysentery
• Women and children toiled in the factories due to long working hours hence denials of right of leisure
• Pollution of the working environment due to poor disposal of industrial waste
• Overcrowding due to poor wages
• They were not insured (2’@42ffiks3 &ka J. MI4
20. a Giveiuses of Maji Maji Rebellion
• GEAOD imposed heavy taxation to African
• Forced labour
• The Jumbes and Akidas were brutal while collecting taxed
• African women were raped and it was against African taboos
• Christians missionaries disliked traditional beliefs
• Kinjekitile instilled confidence in the Africans
• Revenge on Ngoni massacre(I=5n*s) çsx. ç &‘ 19)
h Explain five results of Lewanika collaboration with the British
• Lewanika received payments of 2000pounds every year.
• Lozi lost their independence
• BSACO took control of minerals.
• Lozi land alienated and given to British settlers
• Lozi were forced to pay tax
• Lozi were forced to work in British settler farm
• Lozi were employed in the civil service
• BSACO developed infrastructure and education in lozi land
• Lewamka was made a paramount chief
• Lozi land was used as a base to conquer neighboring communities(44ks- .5)ç a i o t’ K:
SECTION CANS WERS (SOinks)
21. Give the difference between the French and British administration
• British appointed traditional leaders as chiefs while Frechland picked individuals to become chiefs
• French administrators used military officers while British used armatures and professions
• British used direct and indirect French used assimilation and association
• Indirect rule preserve African culture while assimilation eroded them
• Africans in French colonies become French citizens with fUll rights while elite in British colonies remained subjects
• British gave local traders lot of powers while the French worked to undermine chief tansies
• Laws in French colonies were made in France but British ade respective legicos
• French colonies were like overseas provinces but British were administered separately by a governor
• French colonies elected representatives to French
Chamber of deputies in France while British to 1egico
to House of Commons. (13snitsY)(1.-.cr.at
b. Discuss the effects of direct rule in Zimbabwe
• African tradition leaders lost their political powers and independence
• Led to land alienation and Africans pushed to reserves
• Africans were subjected to Economic exploitation through taxation and forced labour
• African cultures were undermined as family members separated in search of livelihood
Disrupted African tradition; economy
• BSAC was given a lot of power in administration of the Economy
• Transport trade and industry were developed in settler regions
• Caused poverty among the African due to exploitation
• British rule provoked African nationalism and demand for independence
(24=43mits) N2I2M
22. a Name three kinds of sprits in the Shona Empire Vandzimu/family spirits
• Mhondero/clan spirit
• Chamirika/National spirits (lx3mk)
b) Describe the political organization of the Asante Empire in 19 C
• Centralized political system headed by the Asantehe/King
The empire comprised of three parts namely Kumas (Metropolitan Asante ) Amatero states and provincial states
Confederation council with headquarters in Kumasi formed the parliament of the empire
Each state was ruled by an manehene each with his own black stool to symbolize authority
We had a standing army that protected the empire from external attach
Asanntehene was the chief commander of the army Odwira festival was used by Omanhene to show loyalty to
Asantehene honor the death and settle disputes
The Asantehene inherited where the firstborn nephew took over power when his uncle died.
• Trusted Asante consuls were appointed to reside in the conquered provincial; states (4-’6-4.2-mk)
23. a Give the terms of the versailles treaty of 1991 Germany was made to surrender all her overseas to the
League of Nations
Germany lost her territories in Europe to the allied powers
• Germany was required to reduce her military strength
Germany was required to release all allied prisoners
All government forces west of River Rhine were
withdrawn from Belgium/Poland
• Proposed for fonnation of League of Nations There was to be no unity between Germany and Australia
(l55ks \ -)
b. Reasons behind the defeat of central powers in WWI
• Allied force outnumbered the central powers
• Allied forces /powers had strong weapons than central powers
• Allied forces received support from other countries which boosted them
• The navy of allied powers was superior to that of the central powers and thereby blocking the seas thus cutting off
supplies of the central powers
• Germany was deserted by some of her supporters in the later years of the war
• The entry of USA in 1917 boosted the strength of allies
• There was political unrest/instability in Germany which affected her military strength\
• Failure of Von Schleiffen plan/delayed attacksi n France through Belgium
• Towards the end of the war Germany used young and inexperienced soldiers
(2” Sinks— 1 Omlcs)
çs 2