3.6.2014
Students will understand the concept of
“paternalism” and will apply it to Indian
Removal
Please get out your notes
Westward Expansion
&
Division between the North and
the South
McGuire
Honors US History
Enduring Understandings
1. Differences between the North and
the South caused severe tension in
the new United States.
2. Most White Americans, though,
agreed on the “savagery” of Native
Americans and treated them as
children.
Paternalism:
A policy or practice of treating or
governing people in a fatherly manner,
especially by providing for their needs
without giving them rights or
responsibilities.
● It assumes you are less than fully rational.
● Treating someone as if they are a child,
when in fact you are equals.
Examples of Paternalism
• Requiring the wearing of seatbelts
• Banning drugs that are accepted to be harmful
• Doctors not telling patients (or patients’ family)
certain information because they would be
“better off” not knowing
• “All of these rules, policies, and actions may be done for
various reasons; may be justified by various
considerations. When they are justified solely on the
grounds that the person affected would be better off, or
would be less harmed, as a result of the rule, policy,
etc., and the person in question would prefer not to be
treated this way, we have an instance of paternalism”
Paternalism with Natives
• Saving them from their savage ways
• Showing them the way “civilized” people go
about things
Context for Native American policy
choices:
• Under George Washington (1789-1797):
Acculturation--The U.S. sent people to train Cherokee Natives
in how to build log cabins, use Southern style plantations, setup American-ized schools, and teach the Natives Christianity.
• Under Thomas Jefferson (1801-1809):
Acculturation continued. If Natives were successful in showing
that they were becoming like real “Americans” they could stay
east of the Mississippi.
• Under Andrew Jackson (1829-1837):
Indian Removal--almost completely regardless of their culture
or feelings, Jackson wanted to set up a plan of complete
Indian Removal Act: May 28, 1830
Indian Removal Primary Source
Activity
• Answer questions 1 and 2 on your own.
• Answer #4 with your partner (no quotes
needed).
• When you use a quote from a primary
source put the reading # in parenthesis.
– For example, “Here is my quote” and here is my
commentary (Reading 1).
If you have the Document with 5
readings, read 1, 2, and 5.
Tomorrow
OPVL either the author of Reading 1 (Andrew Jackson) or
Reading 2 (The Council of the Cherokee Nation)
3.7.2014
Students will develop an argument on
upholding Native treaties and support it
in a silent discussion.
Please get out your
assignment from
yesterday!
On the back of your assignment…
• Please respond to this prompt:
– To what extent do you agree with Aaron
Huey that the Black Hills should be given
back to the Sioux/Lakota?
– Please be culturally sensitive in your answers.
Respectfully address both sides as nations.
– 6 minutes
Silent Discussion
• You are now going to receive someone
else’s answer and read it
• Respond to what your classmate has written
– Don’t just write your own opinion, thoughtfully
address what they have said specifically and
provide reasons why you agree or disagree with
them
– 6 minutes
One more time…
• Read the two responses
• Write a response to both of them,
addressing the points that you found
interesting and elaborating on them
• Agree or disagree with either/both of them?
• 6 min
Class Discussion
1.What points does Aaron Huey bring up that
are valid?
2.Do you find anything unconvincing about
his argument?
3.Did you see any evidence of paternalism in
the history that Huey shared?
MANIFEST DESTINY
American Progress by John Gast, 1872
Manifest Destiny
Arguments for Expansion
• New Land
– New Resources
– New markets/goods
• Western Ports
– Access to Asia
• Pop. increase
– Natural & immigration
– Conflicts over employment
– Living space
• Ethnocentrism and Entitlement
– Divine Will
Arguments Against Expansion
Not all believed U.S. should continue to spread
west
• Many N accused the S of wanting to spread
W so US could gain slave states, proslavery
S more votes in Congress
• Some Am felt it wrong for US to push
peoples off lands that the US had no legal
claim to
• Some also wished for the US to maintain its
longstanding policy of isolationism
Another Argument: Westward
Movement will lead to conflict
And for better or worse, it kind of did…
– The Texas Revolution 1836
– Mexican War 1846-1848
– Dispute with British - 1846
– Indian Wars 1840-1890
3-22: Manifest Destiny
Please get out your journal
H.I.
H.I.
H.I.
H.I.
H.I.
Mexican American War
• Texas was a part of Mexico
• American settlers started flooding into the
region because the land was desirable to
them→this led to independence from
Mexico
• Annexed into U.S. → led to Mex Am War
Significance of Mexican War
• U.S. territory
increased by 1/3
(including Texas) -Bigger than
Louisiana Purchase
• Sentiment for
Manifest Destiny
increased
• Ugly turning point in
relations with Lat.
Am.
Two Column Notes
Idea/Question
Hardships of
westward expansion
How did westward
expansion impact
natives?
Details about that idea or question
Idea/Question
Details about that idea or question
What was Lewis and • Sacajawea aided them and saved journals
Clark Journey like?
What did they
discover?
What were the
impacts of westward • More resources like beaver furs
expansion?
March 26
Please get out your journal
Sectionalism
Washington's "Farewell Address" makes this economic tradeoff the main practical argument for a continued union of the
sections:
“The North, in an unrestrained interaction with the South,
protected by the equal Laws of a common government, finds
in the productions of the latter, great additional resources of
Maratime [sic] and commercial enterprise and precious
materials of manufacturing industry. The South in the same
interaction, benefitting by the Agency of the North, sees its
agriculture grow and its commerce expand.”
Infrastructure
• Steam locomotive
made in 1825
• Turnpikes
• National Road
began in 1811
• By 1838 it stretched
from Maryland to
Illinois
Infrastructure--Erie Canal
• By 1825 linked Hudson River to Lake Erie
= Great Lakes to the Atlantic
• 12 years of a toll paid off project
• NYC became dominant port
• By 1837 other states built 3,000 miles of
canals to make profit
Economy—the North
• Textiles and manufactured goods
• Congress was able to pass tariffs to protect
northern economy
The North Industrializes
• Samuel Slater "Father of
the Factory System" -1791, built first efficient
cotton-spinning machine
in America.
• Lowell, Mass.
Manufacturing center
• North began
industrializing rapidly
Slaves Using the Cotton Gin
“Hauling the Whole Week’s
Pickings”William Henry Brown,
1842
Slaves Picking Cotton
on a Mississippi Plantation
“Cotton is King”
Cotton gin
• Prior to 1793, the Southern economy
was weak and an unprofitable slave
system.
• Some leaders, such as Jefferson (who
freed 10% of his slaves), spoke of
freeing their slaves and of slavery
gradually dying;
Cotton Gin
•It was difficult to make a profit from cotton
because cottonseeds were removed by hand.
• It took one person an entire day to clean one pound
of cotton.
Cotton Ball,
picked 1915
Georgia
• Therefore, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793.
Eli Whitney’s cotton gin.
Changes in Cotton Production
1820
1860
Southern Agriculture
Monday, April 1st
• Please get out your journals
• Think about this: What could you do on
your HI tonight?
Slave Accoutrements
Slave Master
Brands
Slave muzzle
Slave leg irons
Slave shoes
Slave tag, SC
Slave Auction Notice, 1823
Southern Society (1850)
6,000,000
“Slavocracy”[pla
ntation owners]
The “Plain Folk”[white
yeoman farmers]
Black Freemen
250,000
Black Slaves
3,200,000
Total US Population -->
23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]
Slave-Owning Population
(1850)
Slave-Owning Families
(1850)
A Real Georgia Plantation
Slaves posing
in front of
their cabin on
a Southern
plantation.
A Slave Family
A Real Mammie & Her Charge
Missouri Compromise, 1820
• Country was
equally
divided
between slave
and free states
with eleven
each.
• Northern
states wanted
Maine
admitted as a
free state.
April 15th
• Please get out your journals
• Tomorrow, please bring your textbook
*Please no H.I. questions this week*
Hope you had a great break, I’m happy to see
you :)
Territories become states
1. Territory pop. Reached 60,000
2. People of territory could petition
admission to Union
3. draft a state Const.
4. elect rep.
5. Congress approval to be state
US Laws Regarding Slavery
1. 3/5 Compromise
2. Fugitive Slave Acts
3. Slave Codes
Slave Codes
• Virginia, 1650
– “Act XI. All persons except Negroes are to be provided with arms
and ammunitions or be fined at the pleasure of the governor and
council.”
• Virginia, 1662
– “Whereas some doubts have arisen whether children got by any
Englishmen upon a Negro shall be slave or Free, Be it therefore
enacted and declared by this present Grand assembly, that all
children born in this country shall be held bond or free only
according to the condition of the mother."
• Maryland, 1664
– “That whatsoever free-born [English] woman shall intermarry with
any slave [...] shall serve the master of such slave during the life of
her husband; and that all the issue of such free-born women, so
married shall be slaves as their fathers were.”
Slave Codes
• Alabama, 1833, section 31 - "Any person or persons who
attempt to teach any free person of color, or slave, to spell, read,
or write, shall, upon conviction thereof by indictment, be fined
in a sum not less than two hundred and fifty dollars, nor more
than five hundred dollars."
• Alabama, 1833, section 32 - "Any free person of color who
shall write for any slave a pass or free paper, on conviction
thereof, shall receive for every such offense, thirty-nine lashes
on the bare back, and leave the state of Alabama within thirty
days thereafter..."
• Alabama, 1833, section 33 - "Any slave who shall write for any
other slave, any pass or free-paper, upon conviction, shall
receive, on his or her back, one hundred lashes for the first
offence, and seven hundred lashes for every offence
thereafter..."
Early Emancipation in the
North
Southern Slavery--> Behind the
times?
➢
1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Phila.
➢
By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state.
➢
1808: US abolishes the slave trade
➢
1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central & So.
America declared their slaves free.
➢
1833: slavery abolished throughout the British
Empire.
➢
1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies.
➢
1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.
4 Main problems people saw
with slavery
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lack of freedoms
Violence
Separation of Families
Psychological Damages
The Scourged Back
• Slave named Gordon, escaped his
master in Mississippi
• His back scarred with the traces of a
whipping administered on Christmas
Day
• Took refuge with the Union Army at
Baton Rouge and, in 1863
• Three engraved portraits of him
were printed in Harper’s Weekly
• Used as propaganda by Northern
abolitionists
Southern Population (1860)
JERMAIN LOGUEN (circa 1813-1872)
• “No day dawns for the slave, nor is it looked
for. It is all night—night forever”
• Son of his Tennessee master and a slave
woman. Underground agent and ordained
minister, he helped 1,500 escapees and
started black schools in New York State.
Slave Resistance
1. Escape via the Underground Railroad.
2. Refusal to work hard.
3. Isolated acts of sabotage. Theft.
Runaway Slave Ads
Run away
• Estimated 1810-1850 75,000100,000 slaves were freed via
Underground RR
• Harriet Tubman made 19
journeys bringing slaves north
• Escorted 300+ slaves
• "There was one of two things I
had a right to, liberty or death; if
I could not have one, I would
have the other; for no man
should take me alive...."
Underground
Railroad“concea
ling their
actions”Conducto
rs—
those who guided
slaves to
freedomPassenge
rs—
slaves seeking
freedomStations
—homes or
businesses where
fugitive slaves
would hide
Underground Railroad
John Rankin’s house - Ohio
• It was here that Harriet Beecher Stowe
heard the escaping slave's story which
became the basis for part of her famous
work, Uncle Tom's Cabin. (sells 300,000
copies in its first year of publication)
• "At times attacked on all sides by masters
seeking their slaves, [John Rankin and his
sons]
• A lighted candle stood as a beacon which
could be seen from across the river, and
like the north star was the guide to the
fleeing slave."
Escape on the Underground
Railroad
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXjaFF
1OImk
April 16th
“When I was a boy and I would see scary
things in the news, my mother would say to
me, ‘Look for the helpers. You will always
find people who are helping.”
--Fred Rogers
Please get out your journal and textbook
1854—Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Setting aside the Missouri Compromise of
1820, Congress allows these two new
territories to choose whether to allow
slavery.
• Abolitionists were outraged because both of
these regions would have been free states
under the M.C. of 1820.
• Violent clashes erupt….Why would that be?
Chapter 10 Reading
• Read Chapter 10 and take notes in your
journal
– Focus on bolded words/names
– Those names will be possible players in your
group project you will get tomorrow
– The chapter needs to be read by Thursday
Oregon Trail by Albert Bierstadt 1869