Unit Essential Question:
How does the Earth Change?
 In your Science journal record the UEQ
 How does the Earth Change?
 Activating Strategy:
 Your lab group will have the opportunity to use your
observation skills and inferring skills to predict the
contents of three film canisters.
 Lesson Essential Question: What is the content of the
three film canisters?
 Write numbers 1-3 in your journal under today’s date.
 LEQ: What is the content of the three film canisters?
 Date
1.
 2.
 3.
 You may: tap, roll, shake, or weigh your canister.
 What differences do you notice between the canisters?
 Apart from the canisters all being the same in
appearance, are the canisters similar in any way?
 How did you obtain this evidence?
 Survey page 17.
 Titles: The Science of Geology & Studying Surface
Changes
 Bold print: geologists, rock, geology, constructive forces,
destructive forces & continents.
 The study of planet Earth
 There are two groups of forces that change the surface
of our Earth – constructive forces and destructive
forces.
 1. Geologist – a _scientist_ who studies the _forces_
that _make_ and _shape_ planet _Earth_ .
 1. geologist – a _scientist_ who studies the _forces_
that _make_ and _shape_ planet _Earth_ .
 2. rock – the _material_ that _forms_ Earth’s _hard
surface_ .
 1. geologist – a _scientist_ who studies the _forces_ that
_make_ and _shape_ planet _Earth_ .
 2. rock – the _material_ that _forms_ Earth’s _hard surface_ .
 3. geology – the _study_ of _planet Earth_ .
 4.constructive force – a _force_ that _builds up
mountains_ and landmasses on Earth’s _surface_ .
 5. destructive force – a _force_ that slowly _wears
away mountains_ and other features on the surface of
_Earth_ .
 6. continent – a great _landmass_ surrounded by
__oceans_ .
 How do Scientist answer the question –
What’s inside Earth?
The deepest mine in the world, a gold mine in South
Africa, reaches a depth of 3.8 kilometers.
You would have to travel more than ________ times that
distance ---- over _________ kilometers ---- to reach the
Earth’s center.
 You would have to travel more than _1,600_ times that
distance ---- over _6,000_ kilometers ---- to reach the
Earth’s center.
 7. seismic wave – a _vibration_ that travels through
_Earth_ carrying the _energy_ released during an
_earthquake_ .
 What would you have to consider to travel to the
center of the Earth?
 What would you have to consider to travel to the
center of the Earth?
 1. Temperature
 At first the rock around you is cool.
 At about 20 meters down your instruments report that
the rock is getting warmer.
 For every 40 meters that you descend (go down) from
that point, the temperature rises 1°C.
 2. Pressure
 8. pressure – the _force_ pushing on a _surface_ or
_area_ .
 Crust
 Mantle
 Core
 9. crust - _layer_ of _rock_ that forms Earth’s _outer_
skin .
 The crust consists mostly of dense rocks such as basalt
(buh SAWLT) and granite.
 10. basalt – dark, _dense _, _igneous_ rock with a fine
_texture_, found in _oceanic_ crust .
 11. granite – a usually _light_- colored _rock_ that is
found in _continental_ crust .
 12. mantle – the _layer_ of _hot_, _solid_ material
_between_ Earth’s _crust_ and _core_ .
What are the two parts of the mantle?
 13. lithosphere – a _rigid_ layer made up of the
uppermost part of the _mantle_ and _the crust_ .

 14. asthenosphere – the _soft_ layer of the _mantle_
on which the_lithosphere_ floats .
 15. outer core – a _layer_ of molten (_melted_) _iron_
and _nickel_ the surrounds the _inner_ core of Earth .

 16. inner core – a _dense_ sphere (ball) of _solid_
iron and nickel in the _center_ of Earth .
