The Scotstat Network of Local
Government and Public Body
Analysts Survey Conference
The Scottish House Condition Survey
Ian Máté
Plan
1. SHCS Background
2. Working with Local Authorities
3. Future?
The Scottish House Condition Survey (SHCS)
•
3,000 occupied households every year;
•
2-stage Survey:
• Social Survey – 3,000 variables
• Physical Survey – 400 variables
•
Random Sample of each Local Authority unclustered
•
Yearly minimum of 80 surveys per Local
Authority
-
Valid
Glasgow City
City of Edinburgh
Fife
North Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire
West
Dumfries and
Renfrewshire
Inverclyde
Shetland Islands
North Ayrshire
Orkney Islands
East
Highland
Stirling
Clackmannanshire
East Lothian
East
Aberdeenshire
Argyll and Bute
East Ayrshire
Perth and Kinross
Dundee City
Scottish Borders
Midlothian
West Lothian
Falkirk
Eilean Siar
South Ayrshire
Angus
Aberdeen City
Moray
sample size
SHCS Annual Sample Size by LA
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
What is the SHCS?
•
Purpose: To measure progress and inform policy;
•
Outcome: Measures the quality of people’s experience of
housing against the quality of housing in Scotland.
•
SHCS can set a baseline by area (National, Urban/rural,
SIMD), Tenure and Dwelling Type etc - ANNUALLY
•
Provides a Local Authority picture annually but has to use 3
years worth of data so currently uses 2005/06, 2007 and
2008 survey data.
•
We publish an annual LA report on the web using 3 years
worth of data.
SHCS Background
The main policy areas covered:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Scottish Housing Quality Standard
Fuel Poverty
Fuel use
Energy Efficiency
Insulation
Dwelling Amenities
Barrier-free
Age and type of stock
Social Data;
Physical Data;
Social and Physical Data
•
•
•
•
•
•
Households and Energy Efficiency;
Health and dwelling conditions;
Housing and older people;
Housing and Noise;
Barrier-free (housing and disability);
Fuel Poverty
Scottish Housing Quality Standard
SHQS Fail by Tenure by Year
% households Failing SHQS
90
80
70
60
50
owner-occupier
LA/other public
HA/co-op
private-rented
40
30
20
10
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
Year
2007
2008
The Scottish Housing Quality Standard % Failure rate
of Social Housing by Local Authority
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
20
03
20 /4
04
20 /5
05
/6
20
07
20
08
20
02
Fuel Poor
Extreme Fuel Poor
19
96
Percentage
Fuel Poverty
Survey Year
Fuel Poverty
SHCS 2005/06 - 2008 Weighted % of Households in Fuel Poverty
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Scotland
Eilean Siar
Orkney Islands
Shetland Islands
Dumfries and Galloway
Aberdeenshire
Scottish Borders
Argyll and Bute
Angus
Highland
Moray
Perth and Kinross
Fife
South Lanarkshire
South Ayrshire
East Renfrewshire
Inverclyde
North Lanarkshire
North Ayrshire
Stirling
Glasgow City
Falkirk
Midlothian
City of Edinburgh
East Lothian
East Dunbartonshire
Renfrewshire
East Ayrshire
Aberdeen City
Dundee City
West Dunbartonshire
West Lothian
Clackmannanshire
Houses are becoming more energy efficient –
% of dwellings
but still a long way to go
100%
80%
National Home
Energy Rating
60%
Good (7 - 10)
Moderate (3 - 6)
40%
Poor (0 - 2)
20%
20
08
20
07
20
03
/0
4
20
04
/0
5
20
05
/0
6
Survey period
20
02
19
96
19
91
0%
New Data
•
•
•
•
Energy efficiency of up to 2 extensions
Barrier-free – more coherent
Heating and boiler details
Insulation – more detail
• Council Tax band, amount and discounts;
• On or off the gas grid;
Physical form changes
•
•
•
•
•
Leaded windows
Stone type
Stone technique
Shutters
Roofing materials
Traditional building materials,
Local sustainable sources,
Supporting craft courses and trades.
New data challenges - EPCs
Total EPCs by month
25,000
15,000
10,000
Total EPCs 153,099
5,000
Month
us
t
Au
g
ly
Ju
ne
Ju
ay
M
Ap
ril
ar
ch
M
br
ua
ry
Fe
ar
y
Ja
nu
em
be
r
0
De
c
No. of EPCs
20,000
New challenges – EPCs
EPCs by Transaction Type
25,000
20,000
New Build
Not Sale/Rental
15,000
Private Rented
Social Rented
10,000
Other Sale
Marketed Sale
5,000
0
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Data to 30/08/09
New challenges – EPCs
% EPCs and Stock by Tenure
70
60
% of dwellings
50
% of EPCs by Tenure
% of Tenure
40
30
20
10
Owner-occupier LA/other public
Private-rented
Tenure
Other
New build
Emulated EPC Energy Efficiency Rating
EPC Energy Efficiency Rating
60
50
2007
2008
% ofdwellings
40
30
20
10
A
B
C
D
Rating
E
F
G
EPC Energy Efficiency Rating
Wall
Property-Type
Roof-Insulation-Thickness
Wall
Built-Form
SAP-Floor-Dimensions
Roof
Multiple-Glazed-Proportion
SAP-Floor-Dimension
Roof
Multiple-Glazing-Type
Floor
Floor
Extensions-Count
Floor-Construction
Window
Glazed-Area
Floor-Insulation
Main-Heating
Habitable-Room-Count
Heat-Loss-Perimeter
Main-Heating-Controls
Heated-Room-Count
Total-Floor-Area
Hot-Water
Low-Energy-Lighting
Room-Height
Lighting
Measurement-Type
SAP-Floor-Dimension
Secondary-Heating
Mechanical-Ventilation
SAP-Floor-Dimensions
Has-Hot-Water-Cylinder
Open-Fireplaces-Count
SAP-Building-Part
Has-Heated-Separate-Conservatory
Photovoltaic-Supply
SAP-Building-Parts
Energy-Rating-Current
Solar-Water-Heating
SAP-Heating
Energy-Rating-Potential
Conservatory-Type
Main-Heating-Data-Source
Environmental-Impact-Current
SAP-Building-Parts
Main-Heating-Category
Environmental-Impact-Potential
SAP-Building-Part
SAP-Main-Heating-Code
EPC Energy Efficiency Rating
Energy-Consumption-Current
Building-Part-Number
BEDF-Revision-Number
Energy-Consumption-Potential
Identifier
Main-Fuel-Type
CO2-Emissions-Current
Construction-Age-Band
Main-Heating-Control
CO2-Emissions-Potential
Wall-Construction
Water-Heating-Code
CO2-Emissions-Current-Per-Floor-Area
Wall-Insulation-Type
Water-Heating-Fuel
CO2-Emissions-Current-Per-Floor-AreaPotential
Roof-Construction
Secondary-Heating-Type
Lighting-Cost-Current
Roof-Insulation-Location
Secondary-Fuel-Type
Lighting-Cost-Potential
Roof-Insulation-Thickness
Cylinder-Size
Heating-Cost-Current
SAP-Floor-Dimensions
Cylinder-Insulation-Type
Heating-Cost-Potential
SAP-Floor-Dimension
Cylinder-Insulation-Thickness
Hot-Water-Cost-Current
Floor
Cylinder-Thermostat
Hot-Water-Cost-Potential
Floor-Construction
Heat-Emitter-Type
Loft insulation
Floor-Insulation
SAP-Heating
Typical-Saving
Heat-Loss-Perimeter
SAP-Energy-Source
Energy-Performance-Rating
Total-Floor-Area
Wind-Turbines-Count
Environmental-Impact-Rating
Room-Height
Wind-Turbines-Terrain-Type
Low energy lighting
SAP-Floor-Dimension
Meter-Type
EPC Energy Efficiency Rating
Typical-Saving
SAP-Floor-Dimension
Main-Gas
Energy-Performance-Rating
Floor
SAP-Energy-Source
Environmental-Impact-Rating
Heat-Loss-Perimeter
SAP-Deselected-Improvements
Solar water heating
Total-Floor-Area
Deselected-Improvement-Measure
Typical-Saving
Room-Height
SAP-Deselected-Improvements
Energy-Performance-Rating
SAP-Floor-Dimension
SAP-Property-Details
Environmental-Impact-Rating
SAP-Floor-Dimensions
SAP-Data
Double glazing
SAP-Building-Part
Insurance-Details
Typical-Saving
SAP-Building-Part
Insurer
Energy-Performance-Rating
Building-Part-Number
Policy-No
Environmental-Impact-Rating
Identifier
Effective-Date
Wind turbine
Construction-Age-Band
Expiry-Date
Typical-Saving
Wall-Construction
PI-Limit
Energy-Performance-Rating
Wall-Insulation-Type
Insurance-Details
Environmental-Impact-Rating
Roof-Construction
Roof-Insulation-Location
Why I wanted to speak today
• 32 Local Authorities based on historical
accident and geography;
• 5,000,000 people;
• 2,300,000 dwellings;
• Is it too difficult to have a combined
Housing Survey covering all Local
Authorities’ needs on an Annual basis?
Why I wanted to speak today
• THE SHCS can give a Local Authority
estimate annually but, according to our
‘rules’ has to use 3 years worth of data.
• So we currently use 2005/06, 2007 and
2008 survey data.
18.0
16.0
14.0
Confidence 12.0
Interval
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
30
30
50
75
100
1%
2%
5%
10%
3.6
5.0
7.8
10.7
2.8
3.9
6.0
8.3
2.3
3.2
4.9
6.8
2.0
2.7
4.3
5.9
15%
20%
25%
12.8
14.3
15.5
9.9
11.1
12.0
8.1
9.1
9.8
7.0
7.8
45%
8.5
30%
35%
40%
50 75
45%
35%
100
Sample Size
50%
16.4
17.1
17.5
150 200
17.8
17.9
12.7
13.2
13.6
13.8
250
300
13.9
10.425% 9.0
10.8
9.3
15%
5%
11.1
Result in %9.6
9.8
1% 11.3
11.3
9.8
Current situation
Our contractor is Ipsos_MORI
Our contract foresees Local Authority boosts
using the SHCS infrastructure
But it ties Ipsos-MORI to:
• Taking a social and physical survey; and
• The SHCS methods and standards
This is expensive because of:
• High data quality standards and
• High rates of response required involving
extensive call backs.
Current situation
2 COUNCILS - Scottish Borders and Aberdeenshire
have bought private sector boosts but extra resource
management and weighting strategies and so on must be
managed; it is not straight forward.
On such a small scale its not of much benefit to an overall
strategy of to provide annual consistent, comparable data
across all local authorities.
Is there a better way?
1 We hope to be able to utilise the EPC data statistically in
some way not defined as yet to provide weighted energy
efficiency output on an LA basis annually.
2 Can we determine a consistent universal housing and
household data requirement for all LAs ; and work from
there to produce a national survey that meets Local and
National Government Policy needs?
Are there viable options?
Are there viable options?
Problems:
Small LAs need disproportionate boosts but have less money
and expertise.
Local House Condition Survey are ad hoc, with different
content and varying quality and no consistency across
time or between Local Authorities.
Disproportionate management and training costs for LAs.
Are there viable options? 2 Models:
Option 1?
• SG in partnership with COSLA (e.g.?) set up a survey
umbrella organisation to manage consistent surveys.
• Could have a predominant core social survey with some
room for local modules?
About 300 surveys per year per LA?
Are there viable options? 2 Models:
Option 2?
• Standardised survey modules provided which are
mandated by a Local Authority umbrella organisation?
• This would allow LAs to use local resources where they
are available.
Sampling; Social interviewer recruitment, Social interviewer
training; social interviewer field force; CAPI Scripts and
validation; Portable laptops with CAPI scripts and
validation; Physical survey appointment system;
Physical Survey recruitment; Physical survey training;
Are there viable options? 2nd Model:
Option 2?
Sampling; Social interviewer recruitment, Social
interviewer training; social interviewer field force; CAPI
Scripts and validation; Portable laptops with CAPI scripts
and validation.
Physical survey appointment system; Physical Survey
recruitment; Physical survey training; Field management;
Back checking; Scanning and validation.
Software training; Database quality assurance; Derived
variable production.
Are there viable options? 2nd Model:
Is there a feeling that there should be more consistency
across Scotland?
Is it possible for a nationally co-ordinated survey to
meet local needs exactly enough to remove the need
for local surveys?
Would it save money, create efficiencies or is it doomed
as too inflexible to meet local needs?
Ian.mate@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
West Lothian sustainable, low-carbon footprint, affordable
housing development.