Intercultural Communication
Monika Sri Yuliarti, S.Sos., M.Si.
What is culture??
 Culture pattern of learned, group-related perception, including
verbal and nonverbal language, values, belief system, and behavior
(pola persepsi kelompok yang bisa dipelajari) (Singer dalam
Martin & Nakayama, 2010).
 Culture  set of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes,
meanings, social hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles,
spatial relationships, concepts of the universe, and material objects
and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of
generations through individual and group striving (Samovar &
Porter, 2003)
Definition
 Samovar, et al., 2002: intercultural communication happens
if there is a message that need to understood by some other
cultural member.
 Liliweri (2003): intercultural communication is interpersonal
interaction and interpersonal communication between some
people with different cultural background.
Factor that affects intercultural
communication (Patel, et.al., 2011)
 Mass media  media play an important role to form our
own opinions, make judgements and influence our
perceptions and communication (media berperan dalam
membentuk opini, penilaian, persepsi dan komunikasi)
 Intercultural contact  Intercultural contacts have increased
significantly because of better, faster and easier access to
transport and information technologies, and by an increase in
migration (kontak antara budaya semakin meningkat karena
akses penyebaran informasi semakin mudah dan karena
migrasi)
Factor that affects intercultural
communication (Patel, et.al., 2011)
 Language barier
 Even when people assume that they can speak each other’s
language, chances of purely because of one’s partial
understanding of the message sent.
 Even when people can speak another language fluently, selecting
the appropriate words as well as the non-verbal elements of
communication such as body language, gestures, clothing, pitch,
intonation, concepts of time and space can consciously or
unconsciously affect our communication.
Intercultural Communication Competence (Chen
& Strasosta in Asante & Mike, 2008)
 Technology development  The development of
communication and transportation technology linking every
part of the world has served to interconnect almost every
aspect of life.
 Globalization and economy  The progress of communication
and transportation technology has rendered global markets
more accessible and the business world more interrelated and
international than in the past.
Intercultural Communication Competence (Chen
& Strasosta in Asante & Mike, 2008)
 Widespread population migrations  As cultural
interconnectedness has increased as a result of technology
advancement, we have also witnessed remarkable population
migrations across national borders.
 The development of multiculturalism  The changing
demographics described above stand to affect every aspect of
life.
Benefit & challenge in intercultural
communication (Martin & Nakayama, 2010)
 Benefit:
 acquiring knowledge about the world
 breaking stereotypes
 acquiring new skills
 Challenge:
 to discover and build on the similarities, such as: common
interests, activities, beliefs, and goals
 To manage some anxiety: it is present in the early stages of any
relationship, but the anxiety is greater in intercultural
relationships.
Ethics in intercultural communication
 Ethics may be thought of as principles of conduct that help govern the
behavior of individuals and groups.
 These principles often arise from communities’ consensus on what is
good and bad behavior. Cultural values tell us what is “good” and what
“ought” to be good.
 One common cross-cultural ethical dilemma involves standards of
conducting business in multinational corporations. The U.S. Congress
and the Securities andExchange Commission consider it unethical to
make payments to government officials of other countries to promote
trade. However, in many countries, like China, government officials are
paid in this informal way instead of being supported by taxes
Assignment
 Buatlah makalah dengan tema: etika komunikasi antar budaya
(intercultural communication ethics), dengan contoh aplikasi
pada kebudayaan masyarakat Islam (Islamic society).
 Dikumpulkan hari sabtu, 31 desember 2011 melalui email ke
monika.yuliarti@gmail.com menggunakan attachment.
 Maksimal 5 halaman