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Educ. 534 Module 2 Summary
By: MCApelado
RAPID PROTOTYPING
What Is Prototyping?
• A blueprint for organizing instructional notes and training materials
• A sequence of drawings and text that depicts conceptual ideas and the flow of information
Prototyping for Instructional Design.
Why Prototype?
• think through each page or screen
• plan out the content details
• visualize and convey learner content before investing a large amount of time or money
Prototyping for Instructional Design in the final product.
Two Basic Methods Prototyping for Instructional Design
1. StoryBoarding
• Development phase of the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate (ADDIE)
process (Malamed, 2012) • First crafted at Walt Disney Studio in the 1930’sPrototyping
for Instructional Design.
Storyboarding Execution
• Post-it handwritten notes or sketches on a sheet of paper
• Adobe Illustrator, Word, Powerpoint, other design programs
• Each page or slide represents one screen Prototyping instructional product Design of
the final for Instructional.
Benefits
• Develop effective learner content in sequence
• Work out the content details before production phase.
• Present ideas to the internal team or stakeholders
• Make recommended changes before a large Prototyping for Instructional Design time
investment
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2. Rapid Prototyping
Also called: – Spiral Method – Iterative Design • Uses: – Non-linear products Prototyping
for Instructional Design – Interactive online instructional materials – Learner/choice
guided materials.
• Repetitive implementation-evaluation cycle
• Allows the instructional product to be constantly tested, reviewed and enhanced,
beginning early on in the ADDIE process (Malamed, 2012).Prototyping for Instructional Design
Rapid prototyping. In a design process, early development of a small-scale prototype used to
test out certain key features of the design. Most useful for large-scale or projects.
Graphic representation of model:
The idea of rapid prototyping as it applies to instructional design, is to develop learning
experiences in a continual design-evaluation cycle that continues throughout the life of the
project. This cycle, known as the spiral cycle or layered approach, is considered to be iterative,
meaning that products are continually improved as they cycle continues. This can be seen more
clearly by comparing Rapid Prototyping with a traditional development model:
Classic Design (waterfall) Model
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
concept definition
requirements definition
preliminary design
detailed design
code implementation
test and acceptance
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Rapid Prototyping (spiral) Model
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
concept definition
implementation of a skeletal system
user evaluation and concept refinement
implementation of refined requirements
user evaluation and concept refinement
implementation of refined requirements
The image of a spiral is often used to express the cyclical nature of rapid prototyping or
iterative design. Rapid prototyping allows the designer to start with a low fidelity medium (such
as paper and pen) and move to increasingly higher fidelity prototypes as time goes on. There
are two types of prototypes that can be developed:
1. Vertical Prototypes - in-depth functionality for a few features
2. Horizontal Prototypes - entire screen with no underlying functionality
Multiple Approached to Prototyping:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Paper prototypes
Post-it Prototypes
Wizard of Oz Prototyping
Wireframe Prototypes / Wireframing
Storyboarding
Electronic prototypes
Rapid Prototyping Execution
• Paper and pen as initial mediums
• Electronic mediums as product development progresses and user-interface is
improved (Culata, 2011)
• Utilize actual authoring software: – PowerpointPrototyping for Instructional Design –
Articulate – Captivate.
Rapid Protyping Benifits
• Evaluate the product throughout the product life cycle
• Test preliminary training programs
• Provide stakeholders with a realistic mock up of the final product
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• Shorten product production time:Prototyping for Instructional Design – resolve
design/interface issues early on
• Save time and money
Rapid Prototyping Advantages
1. Allows for better communication between designer and user
2. User is able to offer immediate feedback thus resulting in better development
3. Allows for more flexibility in instruction and allows for problems to be caught early on in
the process.
Rapid Prototyping Disadvantages
1. Some feel that it is not effective because it is not utilizing the real product, it is
utilizing a prototype .
2. Some feel steps are overlooked due to the rapid response of the model and that it
can lead to endless revisions.
Dick and Carey vs. RapidPrototyping
There are strengths with each and there are weaknesses with each Dick and Carey can
be a very tedious, very specific styled model where as Rapid Prototyping can be very
simply and move very quickly. Dick and Carey can involve many facets of organization
versus Rapid Prototyping where there may be only one or two layers that are being
utilized. Dick and Carey executes components iteratively and in parallel where as Rapid
Prototyping executes them in a cyclical pattern.
Sources:
Instructional Technology/Instructional Design/Rapid Prototyping:
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Instructional_Technology/Instructional_Design/Rapid_Prototypin
Dick and Carey’s Model: http://www.personal.psu.edu/wxh139/Dick_Carey.htm
References
Culata, R. (2011). Storyboarding. Retrieved from
http://www.instructionaldesign.org/storyboarding.html Culata, R. (2011). Rapid Prototyping.
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Retrieved from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/models/rapid_prototyping.html
Instructional Technology/Instructional Design/Rapid Prototyping (2011). Retrieved from
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Instructional_Technology/Instructional_Design/Rapid_
Prototyping Malamed, C. (2012). Storyboards for eLearning. Retrieved from
http://theelearningcoach.com/elearning_design/storyboards-for-elearning/Prototyping for
Instructional
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