PAGLISAN SA DAPITAN
-Noong
Hunyo
30,
1896,
Pinahintulutan ni GobernadorHeneral Ramon Blanco ang
kahilingan ni Rizal upang magsilbi
sa
Cuba
bilang
isang
manggagamot.
-Mula sa Dapitan, sumakay sa
barko na nagngangalang Espanya,
papunta sa Maynila.
-Setyembre 3, 1896 nang si Rizal
ay umalis patungong Barcelona
sakay ng Isla de Panay.
-Noong Setyembre 31, habang
ang barko ay papalapit na sa Isla
ng Malta, pinagsabihan si Rizal ng
kapitan ng barko na siya ay
arestado at hindi makakalabas sa
kaniyang kamarote
-Noong
Oktubre
3,
1896,
nakarating siya sa Barcelona at
sumailalim sa pangangalaga ni
Eulogio Despujol.
-Pansamantalang ikinulong sa Fort
Monjuich sa Espanya bago ibinalik
sa Maynila.
-November 3, 1896 nang siya ay
makabalik sa Maynila at ikinulong
sa Fort Santiago.
THE TRIAL OF JOSE RIZAL. HIS
LAST DAYS AND EXECUTION
Timeline of Events:
6 October 1896, 3:00 AM: On his
4th day of being held in his cabin at
the MV Isla de Panay docked at
Barcelona, Spain on his way to
Cuba, Rizal was awakened to be
brought to Montjuich Prison in
Barcelona, Spain.
6 October, 2:00 PM: Interview
with General Eulogio Despujol
6 October, 8:00 PM: Aboard
the Colon, Rizal left Barcelona for
Manila.
3 November: Rizal was brought to
Fort Santiago, where other patriots,
including his brother Paciano, were
being tortured to implicate him.
Paciano refused to sign anything
despite being his body broken and
his left hand crushed.
20
November:
Preliminary
investigation began with Rizal
appearing before Judge Advocate
Colonel Francisco Olive. The
investigation lasted five days.
26 November: The records of the
case were handed over to
Governor General Ramon Blanco
who then appointed Captain Rafael
Dominguez as special Judge
Advocate.
8 December:
From a list
submitted to him by the authorities,
he chose the brother of his friend,
Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade to
become his trial lawyer. He was
only made to choose among army
officers and not a civilian lawyer.
11 December: In his prison cell,
Rizal was read the charges against
him: “principal organizer and the
living
soul
of
the
Filipino
insurrection,
the
founder
of
societies, periodicals and books
dedicated to fomenting
and
propagating the ideas of rebellion.”
13 December: Ramon Blanco was
replaced by Camilo de Polavieja, a
more ruthless character, as
Governor
General
of
the
Philippines. Dominguez submitted
the papers of the Rizal case to
Malacañan Palace.
15 December: Rizal issued his
manifesto to certain Filipinos
calling to end the “absurd” rebellion
and to fight for liberties with
education as a prerequisite. The
authorities
supressed
the
manifesto.
25 December: Rizal’s saddest
Christmas, away from family and
friends.
26 December, 8:00 AM: Trial of
Rizal began at the Cuartel de
España. On the same day, the
court-martial
secretly
and
unanimously voted for a guilty
verdict with the penalty of death
before a firing squad.
28 December: Polavieja signs the
death verdict.
29 December, 6:00 AM: Rizal
was read his verdict by Captain
Rafael Dominguez: To be shot the
next day at 7:00 AM at the Luneta
de Bagumbayan (Rizal Park).
29 December, 7:00 AM: Rizal
was transferred to the chapel cell
adorned by religious images to
convince him to go back to the
Catholic fold. His first visitors were
Jesuit priests Fathers Miguel
Saderra Mata and Luis Viza.
29 December, 7:15 AM: After Fr.
Saderra left, Rizal asked Fr. Viza
for the Sacred Heart statuette
which he carved when he was an
Ateneo student. From his pocket
the statuette appears.
29 December, 8:00 AM: Fr. Viza
was relieved by Fr. Antonio Rosell
who joined Rizal for breakfast. Lt.
Luis Taviel de Andrade joins them.
29 December, 9:00 AM: Fr.
Federico Faura, who once said that
Rizal would lose his head for
writing the Noli Me Tangere,
arrived. Rizal told him, “Father you
are indeed a prophet.”
29 December, 10:00 AM: Fathers
José
Vilaclara
and
Vicente
Balaguer visisted Rizal, followed by
a Spanish journalist, Santiago
Mataix of El Heraldo de Madrid, for
an interview.
29 December, 12:00-3:30 PM:
Rizal’s time alone in his cell. He
had lunch, wrote letters and
probably wrote his last poem of 14
stanzas which he wrote in his
flowing handwriting in a very small
piece of paper. He hid it inside his
alcohol stove. The untitled poem
was later known as Mi Ultimo
Adios (My Last Farewell). In its
second stanza, he already praised
the revolutionaries in the battlefield
for giving their lives “without doubt,
without gloom.”
29 December, 3:30 PM:
Fr.
Balaguer
visits
again
and,
according to him, talks to Rizal
about retracting his anti-Catholic
writings and his being a mason.
29 December, 4:00 PM: Visit of
Rizal’s mother, Teodora Alonso.
Then Rizal’s sister Trinidad entered
to get her mother and Rizal
whispered to her in English
referring to the alcohol stove,
“There is something inside.” They
were
also
accompanied
by
Narcisa, Lucia, Josefa, Maria and
son Mauricio Cruz. Leoncio Lopez
Rizal, Narcisa’s eleven-year-old
son, was not allowed to enter the
cell. While leaving for their
carriages, an official handed over
the alcohol stove to Narcisa. After
their visit, Fathers Vilaclara and
Estanislao March returned to the
cell followed by Father Rosell.
29 December, 6:00 PM: Rizal was
visited by the Dean of the Manila
Cathedral, Don Silvino Lopez
Tuñon. Fathers Balaguer and
March left Father Vilaclara to be
with the two.
29 December, 8:00 PM: Rizal’s
last supper where he informed
Captain Dominguez that he already
forgave those who condemned
him.
and his membership in masonry.
This series of events is still a
contentious issue among Rizal
experts.
30 December, 5:30 AM: Rizal
took his last meal. According to
stories told to Narcisa by Lt. Luis
Taviel de Andrade, Rizal threw
some eggs in the corner of a cell
for the “poor rats,” “Let them have
their fiesta too.” Rizal also wrote to
his family and to his brother.
30 December, 5:30 AM: Tearyeyed Josephine Bracken and
Josefa Rizal came. Josephine
was gifted by Rizal with the classic
Thomas á Kempis book Imitations
of Christ in which he inscribed, “To
my dear and unhappy wife,
Josephine, December 30th, 1896,
Jose Rizal.” They embraced for
the last time.
29 December, 9:30 PM: Rizal was
visited by the fiscal of the Royal
Audiencia of Manila, Don Gaspar
Cestaño with whom Rizal offered
the best chair of the cell.
According to accounts, the fiscal
left with “a good impression of
Rizal’s intelligence and noble
character.”
30 December, 6:00 AM: Rizal
wrote
his
father,
Francisco
Mercado “My beloved Father,
Pardon me for the pain with which I
repay you for sorrows and
sacrifices for my education. I did
not want nor did I prefer it.
Goodbye, Father, goodbye… Jose
Rizal.” To his mother, he had only
these words, “To my very dear
Mother, Sra. Dña Teodora Alonso
6 o’clock in the morning, December
30, 1896. Jose Rizal.”
30
December,
3:00
AM:
According to Father Balaguer’s
account, Rizal asked to have
confession, hear mass and be
given Holy Communion. Allegedly
he also signed the document
retracting his anti-Catholic writings
30 December, 6:30 AM: Death
march from Fort Santiago to
Bagumbayan begins. 4 soldiers
with bayoneted rifles lead the
procession followed by Rizal,
Taviel
de Andrade, Fathers
Vilaclara and March and other
soldiers. They passed by the
Intramuros plaza, then turned right
to the Postigo gate then left at
Malecon, the bayside road now
known as Bonifacio Drive.
30 December, 7:00 AM: Rizal,
after arriving on the execution site
at the Luneta de Bagumbayan, was
checked with his pulse by Dr.
Felipe Ruiz Castillo. It was
perfectly normal. Rizal once wrote,
“I wish to show those who deny us
patriotism that we know how to die
for our duty and our convictions.”
“Preparen.”
“Apunten.”
Rizal
shouted, “Consummatum est.” It is
done.
30 December, 7:03 AM: With the
captain shouting “Fuego!” Shouts
rang out from the guns of eight
indio soldiers. Rizal, being a
convicted criminal was not facing
the firing squad. As he was hit, he
resists and turns himself to face his
executors. He falls down, and dies
facing the sky.
“Viva España!
traidores!”
Muerte
a
los
But in two years, the victorious
Philippine revolutionaries will seal
the fate of the Spanish Empire in
the east. Three hundred thirty
three years of Spanish Colonialism
ended in 1898.
30 December 1896, afternoon:
Narcisa, after a long search,
discovered where her brother’s
body was secretly buried, at the old
unused Paco Cemetery. She
asked the guards to place a marble
plaque designed by Doroteo
Ongjungco
containing
initials in reverse—“RPJ.”
Rizal’s
17 August 1898: Four days after
the Mock Battle of Manila when the
Americans took over the city, the
remains of Rizal where exhumed.
They were brought to Narcisa’s
house, washed and cleansed and
were placed in an ivory urn
designed by Romualdo Teodoro de
Jesus. The urn stayed there until
1912.
29
December
1912:
From
Estraude Street in Binondo, Manila,
the urn was transferred in a
procession headed by the masons
and the Knights of Rizal to the
marble hall of the Ayuntamiento de
Manila, where it stayed overnight
with the Knights on guard.
30 December 1912, morning: In a
solemn procession, the urn began
its last journey to Rizal’s final
resting place the base of the soonto-rise national monument to José
Rizal
30 December 1913: The Rizal
National Monument at the Luneta
was inaugurated.
Its original
design name was “Motto Stella”
(Guiding Star) and was made by
Swiss sculptor Dr. Richard Kissling.