Storytelling and
Storyboarding
syed ardi syed yahya kamal
2011
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Storytelling

Storytelling is the conveying of events
in words, images and sounds, often
by improvisation or embellishment.

Stories or narratives have been shared in every
culture as a means of entertainment, education,
cultural preservation and in order to instill
moral values.

Crucial elements of stories and storytelling include
plot, characters and narrative point of view.
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Cont..

The earliest forms of storytelling were
thought to have been primarily oral
combined with gestures and expressions.

In addition to being part of
religious ritual, rudimentary drawings
scratched onto the walls of caves may have
been forms of early storytelling for many
of the ancient cultures.
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
The Australian Aboriginal people painted symbols
from stories on cave walls as a means of helping the
storyteller remember the story.

The story was then told using a combination of oral
narrative, music, rock art and dance.

Ephemeral media such as sand, leaves and the
carved trunks of living trees have also been used to
record stories in pictures or with writing.
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Screenplay

A screenplay or script is a written work that is
made especially for a film or television program.

Screenplays can be original works or adaptations
from existing pieces of writing.

Here, the movement, actions, expression, and
dialogues of the characters are also narrated.

A play for television is known as a teleplay.
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Sample of screenplay
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
Format and style

The format is structured in a way that one
page usually equates to one minute of
screen time.

In a "shooting script", each scene is
numbered, and technical direction may be
given.

In a "spec" or a "draft" in various stages of
development, the scenes are not numbered,
and technical direction is at a minimum.

The standard font for a screenplay is 12
point, 10 pitch Courier.
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
The major components are action and dialogue.

The "action" is written in the present tense.

The "dialogue" are the lines the characters speak.
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Type of Screenplays

Screenplays can generally be divided into two
kinds; a 'spec' screenplay, and a commissioned
screenplay.

A speculative screenplay is a script written with no
upfront payment, or a promise of payment. The
content is usually invented solely by the
screenwriter, though spec screenplays can also be
based on established works, or real people and
events.
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
A commissioned screenplay is written by a hired
writer. The concept is usually developed long before
the screenwriter is brought on, and usually has
many writers work on it before the script is given
a green-light.
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Nonlinear Storytelling

Nonlinear narrative, disjointed
narrative or disrupted narrative is a narrative
technique, sometimes used in literature,
film, hypertext websites and other narratives,
wherein events are portrayed out
of chronological order.

It is often used to mimic the structure and recall of
human memory but has been applied for other
reasons as well.
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Storyboarding

Storyboards are graphic organizers such as a
series of illustrations or images displayed in
sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a
motion picture, animation, motion
graphic or interactive media sequence,
including website interactivity.

The storyboarding process, in the form it is
known today, was developed at the Walt
Disney Studio during the early 1930s, after
several years of similar processes being in use
at Walt Disney and other animation studios.
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Why make a storyboard?

Creating a storyboard will help you plan your
animation out shot by shot.

You can make changes to your storyboard before
you start animating, instead of changing your mind
later.

You will also be able to talk about your animation
and show your storyboard to other people to get
feedback on your ideas.
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
Your storyboard will should convey some of the
following information:

What characters are in the frame, and how are they
moving?

What are the characters saying to each other, if
anything?

How much time has passed between the last frame of
the storyboard and the current one?

Where the "camera" is in the scene? Close or far away?
Is the camera moving?
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Usage

Film

A film storyboard is essentially a large comic of the
film or some section of the film produced beforehand
to help film directors,
cinematographers and television
commercial advertising clients visualize the scenes
and find potential problems before they occur.

Often storyboards include arrows or instructions that
indicate movement
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
Animatics

In animation and special effects work, the
storyboarding stage may be followed by simplified
mock-ups called "animatics" to give a better idea of
how the scene will look and feel with motion and
timing.

At its simplest, an animatic is a series of still images
edited together and displayed in sequence.

More commonly, a rough dialogue and/or rough sound
track is added to the sequence of still images (usually
taken from a storyboard) to test whether the sound
and images are working effectively together.
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
This allows the animators and directors to work out
any screenplay, camera positioning, shot list and
timing issues that may exist with the current
storyboard.

The storyboard and soundtrack are amended if
necessary, and a new animatic may be created and
reviewed with the director until the storyboard is
perfected.

Editing the film at the animatic stage can avoid
animation of scenes that would be edited out of the
film.
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
Animation is usually an expensive process, so there
should be a minimum of "deleted scenes" if the film is
to be completed within budget.
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
Photomatic

A photomatic (probably derived from 'animatic' or
photo-animation) is a series of
still photographs edited together and presented on
screen in a sequence.

Usually, a voice-over, soundtrack and sound
effects are added to the piece to create a presentation
to show how a film could be shot and cut together.

Increasingly used by advertisers and advertising
agencies to research the effectiveness of their
proposed storyboard before committing to a 'full
up' television advertisement.
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
Comic books

Some writers have used storyboard type drawings for
their scripting of comic books, often indicating staging
of figures, backgrounds and balloon placement with
instructions to the artist as needed often scribbled in
the margins and the dialogue/captions indicated.
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Benefits

One advantage of using storyboards is that it allows
(in film and business) the user to experiment with
changes in the storyline to evoke stronger reaction
or interest.

Flashbacks, for instance, are often the result of
sorting storyboards out of chronological order to
help build suspense and interest.

The process of visual thinking and planning allows a
group of people to brainstorm together, placing
their ideas on storyboards and then arranging the
storyboards on the wall.

This fosters more ideas and generates consensus
inside the group.
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How do I make a storyboard?

Most commonly, storyboards are drawn in pen or
pencil.

If you don't like to draw you can also take photos,
cut out pictures from magazines, or use a computer
to make your storyboards.

Keep in mind that your drawings don't have to be
fancy! In fact, you want to spend just a few minutes
drawing each frame.

Use basic shapes, stick figures, and simple
backgrounds.

If you draw your storyboard frames on index cards,
you can rearrange them to move parts of the story
around.
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Storyboard Language

CLOSE-UP SHOT:

A close range of distance between the camera and the
subject.

DISSOVLE:

A transition between two shots, where one shot
fades away and simultaneously another shot fades
in.

FADE:

A transition from a shot to black where the image
gradually becomes darker is a Fade Out; or from black
where the image gradually becomes brighter is a Fade
In.
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
HIGH CAMERA ANGLE:


JUMP CUT:


A camera angle which looks down on its subject
making it look small, weak or unimportant.
A rapid, jerky transition from one frame to the next,
either disrupting the flow of time or movement within
a scene or making an abrupt transition from one scene
to another.
LEVEL CAMERA ANGLE:

A camera angle which is even with the subject; it may
be used as a neutral shot.
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Example of Storyboard
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Cont..
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End of Chapter 3
syed ardi syed yahya kamal
chapter three