CISCO PACKET
TRACER
By:Ankita Rawat
Sohit Mehta
Sukhwinder Singh
Introduction:
Packet Tracer is a program used to illustrate
at a basic level how networks work. It is used
to create & simulate network virtually. It gives
same environment virtually as it exists
physically.
HUBS
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A common connection point for devices in
a network.
Works on physical layer of OSI model.
Commonly used to connect segments of a LAN
and have multiple ports.
When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to
the other ports so that all segments of the LAN
can see all packets.(Broadcast)
Switches:
• Device that filters and forwards packets between LAN
segments.
• Operate at the data link layer.
•Switch actually checks for the destination MAC address
and forward it to the relevant port to reach that computer
only.
•They build a table of which MAC address belongs to which
segment.
Routers:
•Works on Network Layer of OSI Model
•Routers are used to connect different LANs or a LAN with
a WAN (e.g. the internet).
•Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or
more networks connect.
Bridges:
•Maintains a MAC address table for both LAN segments it
is connected to.
•Single incoming and outgoing port
SAMPLE NETWORK
SIMULATION
Select the Generic PC under End Devices and drag it as the first PC
onto the workspace.
To set IP address of PC:
▪Select PC in which you want to set IP Address, Click on it. One
menu will open having three tabs: Physical, Config, Desktop.
▪Select Desktop and go to “IP Configuration”. Here you can set IP
Addresses.
Two network two switch
and one router
▪Step1: Put four PC, One Generic Switch & One Generic Router
PC0 & PC1 for Network 1
PC2 & PC3 for Network 2
▪Step2: Connect them all(Switch & PCs) with copper straight cable
▪Step3: Connect Switches with Router using Fiber Cable
SAMPLE NETWORK
SIMULATION
To configure a router:
▪Select Router , click on it. One menu will open having three tabs:
Physical, Config, CLI.
▪Select Config.
▪Select Interface in which you want to set IP, i.e.FastEthernet4/0.
▪Set IP Address in it & Check the ON check box.
*Network address of each port of router should be of the same
network that it is connected to.
.
Here one port of Switch1 is blocked due to loop formation.
Working with wireless
router
▪Wireless router mostly use DHCP servers to
config devices.
▪While connecting to wireless router, you need
wireless diveces too.
▪In cisco packet tracer, default pc’s don’t have
wireless modules. You have to add them as
shown in fig.
In 1st fig default view is shown. Switch of the power, remove default port, add
wireless module an turn the power on.
Configuring wireless router.
Remember this router can have both wired and wireless connections.
Linksys router with wired and wireless connection.
Used
Protocols
STP:Spanning Tree Protocol
The Spanning Tree
Protocol (STP) is an
older network protocol that
ensures a loop-free topology for
any bridged Ethernet local area
network..
PROTOCOLS:CDP(Cisco
Discovery Protocol)
CDP is a data link layer protocol. Routers and
catalyst switches support CDP.. CDP
messages are not forwarded. It means you
can get CDP information only about the
directly connected(neighbour) devices.
PROTOCOLS:
DTP: Cisco’s Dynamic Trunking Protocol can
facilitate the automatic creation of trunks
between two switches.
ARP:(Address Resolution Protocol) ARP
maps an IP address to the physical address of
host.
PROTOCOLS:
ICMP: (Internet Control Message Protocol)It is
a network layer protocol designed to
compensate deficiencies like error correcting
mechanism and mechanism for host and
management queries in IP protocol.
Some important things to
remember
▪Try to not to form any loop with in network.
▪Straight cables are used to connect different layer devices like
pc-switch, switch-router etc.
▪Cross cables are used to connect same layer devices like pc-pc,
switch-switch.
▪Roll over wire is used to connect console ports.
▪Don’t use first IP (eg. 192.168.1.0) and last IP (eg.
192.168.1.255) in any case.
▪You can add available module to any device. As used in pc,
similar modules can be added to router to increase its port no’s