Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Ionic Bonding
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Give and take electrons
Cation pairs up with anion
+ goes with –
Ionic compounds which is the empirical formula
Examples
Octet Rule
• Atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons in order to
aquire a full set of valence electrons
Lewis Dot Diagram
• Each dot represents an electron
• Examples
Ion Types
• Monatomic ions• Polyatomic ions-
Criss Cross
• Balancing ionic compounds with the criss cross method
• Examples
Covalent Bonding
Sharing of electrons
They form molecules
Also can form polyatomic ions
Structural Formulas
• Can use Lewis Dot or Dashes
• Specifies which atoms are bonded together
– Unshared pairs
– Multiple bonds
• Single
• Double
• Triple
Properties of Covalent Bonds
• Polar
• Nonpolar
Predicting Polar, Nonpolar, Ionic
• Use electronegativity difference
– 0.4 or less = nonpolar
– Between 0.41 and 1.69 = polar
– Above 1.7 = ionic
Naming Ionic Compounds
• Metal – Nonmetal
– Metal name stays the same
– Change the nonmetal name ending to “ide”
– Examples
• NaCl
• Al2O3
Naming Ionic Compounds Cont.
• Metal – Polyatomic
– Metal name stays the same
– Polyatomic name stays the same
– Examples
• SrNO3
• Li2SO4
• Transition metal- Nonmetal
– Transition metal name stays the same
– Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the transition metal
– Nonmetal name change the ending to “ide”
Naming Ionic Compounds Cont.
• Transition metal- polyatomic
– Transition metal name stays the same
– Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the
transition metal
– Polyatomic name stays the same
• Polyatomic- Polyatomic
– Both polyatomic names stay the same.
Naming Molecular Compounds
• The first word does not change.
• The second name change the ending to “ide”
• Must use a prefix except if the 1st name has one atom. No mono on the 1st
word.
• Must use a prefix on the second word.
• Prefixes
1 mono
2 di
3 tri
4 tetra
5 penta
6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa
9 nona
10 deca
Examples
H2O
CO2
Cl4Br7
Hydrates
• Ionic compounds that absorb water
• Writing the formula
– A dot seperates the water molecule from the rest of the
compound.
• Examples
• Naming the formula
– Must reflect the degree of hydration
• examples
Naming Acids
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Cation is always hydrogen
Anion ending “ide”= prefix of acid is hydro and end “ic”
Anion ending “ate” = suffix of “ic”
Anion ending “ite” = suffix of “ous”
Examples