Islamic Principles in the
Management of an Organization:
A Focus on Leading
Presented by
Dr. Muhammad A. Al-Buraey
Director
Center for Economics & Management Systems
Research Institute
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals
Leadership
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Overview
What is Leadership
Western Models of Leadership
Current Trends in Leadership
Power and Leadership
Islamic Perspective of Leadership Traits Reference
from Surat An-Naml (27)
Characteristics for Effective Leadership
Posner and Kouzes Model
Islamic Perspective of Leadership
Traits Reference from Surat AnNaml (27)
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Knowledge
Maintaining the Organizational Structure
Controlling
Research & Development
Communication
Staffing Through Self-Evaluation
Delegation
Knowledge
Verse 15
َ ‫ْال َح ْمد ُ َ ه‬
َ َ‫ير َم ْن َعبَا َد َه ْال ُمؤْ َمن‬
‫ّلِل اله َذي فَ ه‬
َ‫ين َولَقَ ْد آت َ ْينَا دَ ُاوود‬
َ ‫ضلَنَا‬
ٍ َ‫علَى َكث‬
َ‫ان َع ْل ًما َوقَال‬
َ ‫سلَ ْي َم‬
ُ ‫َو‬
We gave (in the past) knowledge to David and
Solomon: And they both said: "Praise be to
God, Who has favored us above many of his
servants who believe!"
Knowledge
Verse 16
‫نطقَ ه‬
َ ‫ش ْيءٍ َإ هن َهذَا لَ ُه َو َو َو َر‬
‫ث‬
َ ‫الطي َْر َوأُوتَينَا َم ْن ُك َل‬
ْ َ‫ْالف‬
ُ ‫ض ُل‬
َ ‫ع َل ْمنَا َم‬
ُ ‫اس ْال ُم َب‬
ُ ‫سلَ ْي َم‬
‫ين‬
ُ
ُ ‫ان دَ ُاوودَ َوقَا َل يَاأَيُّ َها النه‬
And Solomon was David's heir. He said: "O ye
people! We have been taught the speech of
birds, and on us has been bestowed (a little) of
all things: this is indeed Grace manifest (from
God.)"
Maintaining the Organizational
Structure
Verse 17
‫َو ه‬
‫اِإ ْن َس‬
َ ‫سلَ ْي َم‬
َ ‫ع‬
ُ َ‫الطي َْر فَ ُه ْم يُوز‬
ُ ‫ون َو ُح َش َر َل‬
َ ‫ان ُجنُودُهُ َم ْن ْال َج َن َو‬
And before Solomon were marshaled his hosts,of Jinns and men and birds, and they were all
kept in order and ranks.
18
ُ ‫سلَ ْي َم‬
‫سا َكنَ ُك ْم لَ يَ ْح َط َمنه ُك ْم َحتهى‬
ُ
َ ‫ان َو ُجنُودُهُ َو ُه ْم ن َْملَةٌ يَاأَيُّ َها النه ْم ُل ا ْد ُخلُوا َم‬
ْ َ‫علَى َوا َدي النه ْم َل قَال‬
‫ون‬
َ ‫ت لَ يَ ْشعُ ُر‬
َ ‫َإذَا أَت َ ْوا‬
At length, when they came to a (lowly) valley of
ants, one of the ants said: "O ye ants, get into
your habitations, lest Solomon and his hosts
crush you (under foot) without knowing it."
19
‫اح ًكا‬
‫علَى فَتَبَ ه‬
َ ‫ي َوأ َ ْن أ َ ْع َم َل أَ ْو َز ْعنَي أَ ْن أ َ ْش ُك َر نَ ْع َمتَ َك الهتَي أ َ ْنعَ ْم‬
َ ‫ض‬
َ ‫س َم‬
َ ‫ي َو‬
َ ‫ت‬
‫َوا َلدَ ه‬
‫علَ ه‬
‫ضاهُ َوأ َ ْد َخ ْلنَي َب َر ْح َمتَ َك فَي‬
َ ‫ب َعبَاد‬
‫َك ال ه‬
َ ‫َم ْن قَ ْو َل َها َوقَا َل َر‬
َ ‫صا َل ًحا ت َ ْر‬
َ َ‫صا َل َحين‬
So he smiled, amused at her speech; and he said: "O my
Lord! so order me that I may be grateful for Thy favors,
which thou hast bestowed on me and on my parents,
and that I may work the righteousness that will please
Thee: And admit me, by Thy Grace, to the ranks of Thy
righteous Servants."
Controlling
Verse 20
‫ين َوتَفَقهدَ ه‬
‫الطي َْر فَقَا َل َما َلي لَ أ َ َر‬
َ ‫ان َم ْن ْالغَائَ َب‬
َ ‫ْال ُه ْد ُهدَ أ َ ْم َك‬
And he took a muster of the Birds; and he said:
"Why is it I see not the Hoopoe? Or is he
among the absentees?
Controlling
Verse 21
َ ‫س ْل‬
ُ‫ش َديدًا أ َ ْو ََل َ ْذبَ َحنهه‬
َ ‫عذَابًا‬
ُ ‫أ َ ْو لَيَأْتَيَنَي َب‬
َ ُ‫ع َذبَنهه‬
َ ُ ‫ان ُم َبينٍ ََل‬
ٍ ‫ط‬
"I will certainly punish him with a severe penalty,
or execute him, unless he bring me a clear
reason (for absence)."
Research & Development
Verse 22
ْ ‫طت َب َما لَ ْم ت ُ َح‬
َ ‫ين فَ َم َك‬
ُ ‫َي َْر بَ َعي ٍد فَقَا َل أ َ َح‬
َ ‫ث‬
‫ط‬
َ ‫َب َه َو َجئْت ُ َك َم ْن‬
ٍ ‫سبَإ ٍ َبنَبَإ ٍ يَ َق‬
But the Hoopoe tarried not far: he (came up and)
said: "I have compassed (territory) which thou
hast not compassed, and I have come to thee
from Saba with tidings true.
Communication
Verse 23
ْ َ‫دت ْام َرأَة ً ت َ ْم َل ُك ُه ْم َوأُوتَي‬
ُّ ‫ع َظيم َإنَي َو َج‬
ٌ ‫ت َم ْن‬
َ ‫ُك َل‬
ٌ ‫ع ْر‬
َ ‫ش‬
َ ‫ش ْيءٍ َولَ َها‬
"I found (there) a woman ruling over them and
provided with every requisite; and she has a
magnificent throne.
Communication
Verse 24
َ ‫ش ْي‬
‫اّلِل َوزَ ي َهن لَ ُه ُم ال ه‬
ُ ‫ط‬
َ ‫فَ ُه ْم لَ ه‬
‫س َبيل َو َج ْدت ُ َها‬
‫ع ْن ال ه‬
َ ‫صده ُه ْم‬
َ َ‫ان أ َ ْع َمالَ ُه ْم ف‬
‫ُون َلل ه‬
‫ُون‬
َ ‫ُون َ يَ ْهت َد‬
َ ‫َوقَ ْو َم َها يَ ْس ُجد‬
َ ‫ش ْم َس َم ْن د‬
"I found her and her people worshipping the sun
besides God: Satan has made their deeds
seem pleasing in their eyes, and has kept them
away from the Path,- so they receive no
guidance,-
Communication
Verse 25
َ ‫ون أَله يَ ْس ُجد ُوا َ ه‬
‫ّلِل اله َذي‬
َ ُ‫ون َو َما ت ُ ْع َلن‬
َ ُ‫ض َويَ ْعلَ ُم َما ت ُ ْخف‬
َ ‫س َم َاوا‬
‫ال ه‬
َ ‫ت َواَل َ ْر‬
‫يُ ْخ َر ُج ْال َخبْ َء فَي‬
"(Kept them away from the Path), that they
should not worship God, Who brings to light
what is hidden in the heavens and the earth,
and knows what ye hide and what ye reveal.
Communication
Verse 26
‫ب ْالعَ ْر َش ْالعَ َظ َيم‬
ُّ ‫اّلِلُ لَ َإلَهَ َإله ُه َو َر‬
‫ه‬
"God!- there is no god but He!- Lord of the
Throne Supreme!"
Communication
Verse 27
ُ ‫سنَن‬
‫ين‬
َ ‫نت َم ْن ْال َكا َذ َب‬
َ ‫ت أ َ ْم ُك‬
َ ‫صدَ ْق‬
َ ‫قَا َل‬
َ َ ‫ظ ُر أ‬
(Solomon) said: "Soon shall we see whether thou
hast told the truth or lied!
Communication
Verse 28
ُ ‫ع ْن ُه ْم فَان‬
َ ‫ظ ْر َماذَا يَ ْر َجعُون ا ْذ َهب َب َكتَا َبي َهذَا فَأ َ ْل َق َه َإلَ ْي َه ْم ث ُ هم‬
َ ‫ت َ َو هل‬
"Go thou, with this letter of mine, and deliver it to
them: then draw back from them, and (wait to)
see what answer they return"...
Communication
Verse 29
ُ ‫ت يَا أَيُّ َها ال َم ََل ُ ِإنِي أ‬
ْ
ْ َ‫اب َك ِري ٌم قَال‬
‫ي ِإلَي‬
‫ق‬
‫ل‬
ٌ َ ‫ِكت‬
ِ
َ
(The queen) said: "Ye chiefs! here is delivered to
me - a letter worthy of respect.
Communication
Verse 30
َ ‫ان َو َإنههُ َب َا ْس َم ه‬
َِ ‫اّلِل‬
َ ‫سلَ ْي َم‬
ُ ‫الر َحيم َإنههُ َم ْن‬
‫الر ْح َم َن ه‬
‫ه‬
"It is from Solomon, and is (as follows): 'In the
name of God, Most Gracious, Most Merciful:
Communication
Verse 31
‫ين‬
َ ‫ي َوأْتُونَي ُم ْس َل َم‬
َ ‫أَله ت َ ْعلُوا‬
‫علَ ه‬
"'Be ye not arrogant against me, but come to me
in submission (to the true Religion).'"
Communication
Verse 32
ْ َ‫اطعَةً أ َ ْم ًرا َحتهى ت َ ْش َهد ُون قَال‬
ُ ‫ُك‬
‫ت يَاأَيُّ َها ال َم ََل ُ أ َ ْفتُونَي فَي أ َ ْم َري َم َا‬
َ َ‫نت ق‬
She said: "Ye chiefs! advise me in (this) my affair:
no affair have I decided except in your
presence."
Communication
Verse 33
ُ ‫َواَل َ ْم ُر َإلَي َْك فَان‬
‫ظ َري َماذَ تَأ ْ ُم َرين‬
‫ش َدي ٍد‬
َ ‫قَالُوا ن َْح ُن أ ُ ْولُوا قُ هوةٍ َوأُولُوا بَأ ْ ٍس‬
They said: "We are endued with strength, and
given to vehement war: but the command is
with thee; so consider what thou wilt
command."
Communication
Verse 34
ْ َ‫ون قَال‬
‫ت َإ هن ْال ُملُو َك َإذَا‬
َ ُ‫سد ُو َها َو َجعَلُوا أ َ َع هزة َ أ َ ْه َل َها أ َ َذلهةً َو َكذَ َل َك يَ ْفعَل‬
َ ‫أ َ ْف‬
ً‫دَ َخلُوا قَ ْريَة‬
She said: "Kings, when they enter a country,
despoil it, and make the noblest of its people
its meanest thus do they behave.
Communication
Verse 35
ٌ ‫َاظ َرة‬
َ ُ‫سل‬
َ ‫ون َو َإنَي ُم ْر َسلَةٌ َإلَ ْي َه ْم َب َه َديه ٍة فَن‬
َ ‫َب َم يَ ْر َج ُع ْال ُم ْر‬
"But I am going to send him a present, and (wait)
to see with what (answer) return (my)
ambassadors."
Communication
Verse 36
‫اّلِلُ َخي ٌْر َم هما آتَا ُك ْم بَ ْل أ َ ْنت ُ ْم َب َه َديهتَ ُك ْم‬
َ ‫ت َ ْف َر ُح‬
‫ي ه‬
َ َ‫ون فَ َما آتَان‬
‫ان قَا َل أَت ُ َمدُّون ََن َب َما ٍل‬
َ ‫سلَ ْي َم‬
ُ ‫فَلَ هما َجا َء‬
Now when (the embassy) came to Solomon, he
said: "Will ye give me abundance in wealth?
But that which God has given me is better than
that which He has given you! Nay it is ye who
rejoice in your gift!
Communication
Verse 37
‫ون‬
َ ‫صا ََ ُر‬
َ ‫قَبَ َل لَ ُه ْم َب َها َولَنُ ْخ َر َجنه ُه ْم َم ْن َها أ َ َذلهةً َو ُه ْم‬
َ‫ار َج ْع َإلَ ْي َه ْم فَلَنَأْتَيَنه ُه ْم َب ُجنُو ٍد ل‬
ْ
"Go back to them, and be sure we shall come to
them with such hosts as they will never be able
to meet: We shall expel them from there in
disgrace, and they will feel humbled (indeed)."
Staffing Through Self-Evaluation
Verse 38
‫ين‬
َ ‫َبعَ ْر َش َها قَ ْب َل أ َ ْن يَأْتُونَي ُم ْس َل َم‬
‫قَا َل يَاأَيُّ َها ال َم ََل ُ أَيُّ ُك ْم يَأْتَينَي‬
He said (to his own men): "Ye chiefs! which of
you can bring me her throne before they come
to me in submission?"
Staffing Through Self-Evaluation
Verse 39
‫ي أ َ َمي ٌن‬
َ َ‫وم َم ْن َمق‬
َ ‫ام َك َو َإنَي‬
ٌّ ‫علَ ْي َه لَقَ َو‬
َ ُ‫تَق‬
ٌ ‫قَا َل َع ْف‬
‫يك َب َه قَ ْب َل أ َ ْن‬
َ َ‫ريت َم ْن ْال َج َن أَنَا آت‬
Said an 'Ifrit, of the Jinns: "I will bring it to thee
before thou rise from thy council: indeed I have
full strength for the purpose, and may be
trusted."
‫‪Staffing Through Self-Evaluation‬‬
‫‪Verse 40‬‬
‫َع ْندَهُ قَا َل َهذَا َم ْن َب َه قَ ْب َل أ َ ْن يَ ْرتَده َإلَي َْك َ‬
‫ط ْرفُ َك فَلَ هما َرآهُ ُم ْست َ َق ًّرا‬
‫يك‬
‫ب أَنَا آتَ َ‬
‫قَا َل اله َذي َع ْندَهُ َع ْل ٌم َم ْن ْال َكتَا َ‬
‫َ‬
‫ش َك َر فَإَنه َما يَ ْش ُك ُر َلنَ ْف َس َه َو َم ْن َكفَ َر فَإ َ هن َر َبي‬
‫ي َك َري ٌم َو َم ْن َ‬
‫َنَ ٌّ‬
‫ض َل َر َبي َليَ ْبلُ َونَي أَأ َ ْش ُك ُر أ َ ْم أ َ ْكفُ ُر‬
‫فَ ْ‬
Staffing Through Self-Evaluation
Verse 40 Continued…
Said one who had knowledge of the Book: "I will
bring it to thee within the twinkling of an eye!"
Then when (Solomon) saw it placed firmly
before him, he said: "This is by the Grace of
my Lord!- to test me whether I am grateful or
ungrateful! and if any is grateful, truly his
gratitude is (a gain) for his own soul; but if any
is ungrateful, truly my Lord is Free of all Needs,
Supreme in Honor !"
Delegation
Verse 41
ُ ‫ش َها نَن‬
ُ ‫ت َ ُك‬
‫ظ ْر أَت َ ْهت َ َدي أ َ ْم‬
َ ‫ع ْر‬
َ ‫ين لَ يَ ْهتَد‬
َ ‫ون َم ْن اله َذ‬
َ ‫ُون قَا َل ن ََك ُروا لَ َها‬
He said: "Transform her throne out of all
recognition by her: let us see whether she is
guided (to the truth) or is one of those who
receive no guidance."
Delegation
Verse 42
‫ين‬
َ ‫َكأَنههُ ُه َو َوأُوتَينَا ْال َع ْل َم َم ْن قَ ْب َل َها َو ُكنها ُم ْس َل َم‬
ْ َ‫ش َك قَال‬
ُ ‫ع ْر‬
ْ ‫فَلَ هما َجا َء‬
‫ت‬
َ ‫ت قَي َل أ َ َه َكذَا‬
So when she arrived, she was asked, "Is this thy
throne?" She said, "It was just like this; and
knowledge was bestowed on us in advance of
this, and we have submitted to God (in Islam)."
Delegation
Verse 43
ْ ‫صده َها َما َكان‬
ْ ‫َإنه َها َكان‬
َ ‫ُون ه‬
‫اّلِل‬
َ ‫َت َم ْن قَ ْو ٍم َكافَ َر‬
َ ‫ين َو‬
َ ‫َت ت َ ْعبُد ُ َم ْن د‬
And he diverted her from the worship of others
besides God: for she was (sprung) of a people
that had no faith.
‫‪Delegation‬‬
‫‪Verse 44‬‬
‫شفَ ْ‬
‫ير قَالَ ْ‬
‫ص ْر ٌٌ ُم َم هرد ٌ‬
‫ت َح َسبَتْهُ لُ هجةً َو َك َ‬
‫ت َ‬
‫ع ْن َ‬
‫ساقَ ْي َها قَا َل َإنههُ َ‬
‫َم ْن قَ َو َار َ‬
‫ان َ ه َ‬
‫ين‬
‫ب ْالعَالَ َم َ‬
‫سلَ ْي َم َ‬
‫ص ْر ٌَ فَلَ هما َرأَتْهُ ُ‬
‫قَي َل لَ َها ا ْد ُخ َلي ال ه‬
‫ّلِل َر َ‬
‫ب َإنَي َ‬
‫ت نَ ْف َسي َوأ َ ْسلَ ْم ُ‬
‫ظلَ ْم ُ‬
‫ت َم َع‬
‫َر َ‬
Delegation
Verse 44 Continued…
She was asked to enter the lofty Palace: but
when she saw it, she thought it was a lake of
water, and she (tucked up her skirts),
uncovering her legs. He said: "This is but a
palace paved smooth with slabs of glass." She
said: "O my Lord! I have indeed wronged my
soul: I do (now) submit (in Islam), with
Solomon, to the Lord of the Worlds."
Characteristics for Effective
Leadership





Strength of Character
Role Model
Equality and Impartiality
Kindness and Magnanimity
Integrity
Characteristics for Effective
Leadership





Guidance
Consultation
Unselfishness
Competence
Intelligence and Wisdom
Posner and Kouzes Model





Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Step 4.
Step 5.
Challenging the Process
Inspiring a Shared Vision
Enabling Others to Act
Modeling the Way
Encouraging the Heart