Nobel Laureates
in Physics
(1976-2012)
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Burton Richter
1976
for the pioneering
work in the
discovery of a heavy
elementary particle
of a new kind
U.S.A.
Samuel Chao
Chung Ting
1976
for the pioneering work
in the discovery of a
heavy elementary
particle of a new kind
U.S.A.
Philip Warren
Anderson
1977
for the theoretical
investigations of the
electronic structure of
magnetic and
disordered systems
U.S.A.
Nevill Francis
Mott
1977
for the theoretical
investigations of the
electronic structure
of magnetic and
disordered systems
U.K.
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
1977
for the theoretical
investigations of the
electronic structure
of magnetic and
disordered systems
U.S.A.
Pyotr Kapitsa
1978
for his basic inventions
and discoveries in the
area of lowtemperature physics
Russia
Arno Allan
Penzias
1978
for the discovery of
cosmic microwave
background radiation
U.S.A.
Robert Woodrow Wilson
1978
for the discovery of
cosmic microwave
background radiation
U.S.A.
1979
Sheldon Lee
for contributions to the
Glashow theory of the unified
weak and
electromagnetic
interaction between
elementary particles,
including the prediction
of the weak neutral
current
U.S.A.
Abdus Salam
1979
for contributions to the
theory of the unified
weak and
electromagnetic
interaction between
elementary particles,
including the prediction
of the weak neutral
current
Pakistan
Steven
Weinberg
1979
for contributions to the
theory of the unified
weak and
electromagnetic
interaction between
elementary particles,
including the prediction
of the weak neutral
current
U.S.A.
James Cronin
1980
for the discovery of
violations of
fundamental
symmetry principles
in the decay of
neutral K-mesons
U.S.A.
Val Logsdon Fitch
1980
for the discovery of
violations of
fundamental
symmetry principles in
the decay of neutral
K-mesons
U.S.A.
Nicolaas
Bloembergen
1981
for his contribution to
the development of
laser spectroscopy
Netherlands/
U.S.A.
Arthur Leonard Schawlow
1981
for his contribution to
the development of
laser spectroscopy
U.S.A.
Kai Siegbahn
1981
for his contribution
to the development
of high-resolution
electron
spectroscopy
Sweden
Kenneth Wilson
1982
for his theory for
critical phenomena in
connection with
phase transitions
U.S.A.
Subramanyam Chandrasekhar
1983
for his theoretical
studies of the physical
processes of importance
to the structure and
evolution of the stars
India/U.S.A.
William Fowler
1983
for his theoretical and
experimental studies of
the nuclear reactions of
importance in the
formation of the
chemical elements in
the universe
U.S.A.
Carlo Rubbia
1984
for his contribution
which later led to the
discovery of the field
particles W and Z,
communicators of
weak interaction
Italy
Simon van der Meer
1984
for his contribution
which later led to the
discovery of the field
particles W and Z,
communicators of
weak interaction
Switzerland
Klaus von Klitzing
1985
for the discovery of the
quantized Hall effect
Germany
Ernst Ruska
1986
for his fundamental
work in electron
optics, and for the
design of the first
electron microscope
Germany
Gerd Binnig
1986
for the design of the
scanning tunnelling
microscope
Germany
Heinrich Rohrer
1986
for the design of the
scanning tunnelling
microscope
Switzerland
Johannes Georg
Bednorz
1987
for the important
breakthrough in the
discovery of
superconductivity in
ceramic materials
Germany
Karl Alexander Müller
1987
for the important
breakthrough in the
discovery of
superconductivity in
ceramic materials
Switzerland
Leon M.
Lederman
1988
for the neutrino beam
method and the
demonstration of the
doublet structure of
the leptons through
the discovery of the
muon neutrino
U.S.A.
Melvin
Schwartz
1988
for the neutrino beam
method and the
demonstration of the
doublet structure of
the leptons through
the discovery of the
muon neutrino
U.S.A.
Jack
Steinberger
1988
for the neutrino beam
method and the
demonstration of the
doublet structure of the
leptons through the
discovery of the muon
neutrino
Switzerland
Norman Foster Ramsey, Jr.
1989
for the invention of the
separated oscillatory
fields method and its use
in the hydrogen maser
and other atomic clocks
U.S.A.
Hans Georg Dehmelt
1989
for the development of
the ion trap technique
Germany
Wolfgang Paul
1989
for the development of
the ion trap technique
Germany
Jerome
Friedman
1990
for the pioneering
investigations concerning
deep inelastic scattering
of electrons on protons
and bound neutrons
U.S.A.
Henry Way
Kendall
1990
for the pioneering
investigations
concerning deep
inelastic scattering of
electrons on protons
and bound neutrons
U.S.A.
Richard Taylor
1990
for the pioneering
investigations
concerning deep
inelastic scattering of
electrons on protons
and bound neutrons
U.S.A.
Pierre-Gilles de 1991
for discovering that
Gennes methods
developed for
studying order phenomena
in simple systems can be
generalized to more
complex forms of matter, in
particular to liquid crystals
and polymers
France
Georges Charpak
1992
for his invention and
development of particle
detectors, in particular the
multi-wire proportional
chamber
France
Russell Alan Hulse
1993
for the discovery of a
new type of pulsar, a
discovery that has
opened up new
possibilities for the study
of gravitation
U.S.A.
Joseph Taylor, Jr.
1993
for the discovery of a
new type of pulsar, a
discovery that has
opened up new
possibilities for the
study of gravitation
U.S.A.
Bertram Brockhouse
1994
for the development
of neutron
spectroscopy
Canada
Clifford Shull
1994
for the
development of the
neutron diffraction
technique
U.S.A.
Martin Lewis Perl
1995
for the discovery of
the tau lepton
U.S.A.
Frederick Reines
1995
for the detection of
the neutrino
U.S.A.
David Lee
1996
for the discovery of
super fluidity in
helium-3
U.S.A.
Douglas Osheroff
1996
for the discovery of
super fluidity in
helium-3
U.S.A.
Robert Coleman
Richardson
1996
for the discovery of
super fluidity in
helium-3
U.S.A.
Steven Chu
1997
for development of
methods to cool and
trap atoms with laser
light
U.S.A.
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
1997
for development of
methods to cool and
trap atoms with laser
light
France
William Daniel Phillips
1997
for development of
methods to cool and
trap atoms with laser
light
U.S.A.
Robert Laughlin
1998
for the discovery of a
new form of quantum
fluid with fractionally
charged excitations
U.S.A.
Horst Ludwig Störmer
1998
for the discovery of a
new form of quantum
fluid with fractionally
charged excitations
Germany
Daniel C. Tsui
1998
for the discovery of a
new form of quantum
fluid with fractionally
charged excitations
U.S.A.
Gerard 't Hooft
1999
for elucidating the
quantum structure
of electroweak
interactions in
physics
Netherlands
Martinus Veltman
1999
for elucidating the
quantum structure of
electroweak
interactions in physics
Netherlands
Zhores Alferov
2000
for developing
semiconductor heterostructures used in highspeed- and opto-electronics
Belarus
Herbert Kroemer
2000
for developing
semiconductor heterostructures used in highspeed- and opto-electronics
Germany/U.S.A.
Jack Kilby
2000
for his part in the
invention of the
integrated circuit
U.S.A.
Eric Allin Cornell
2001
for the achievement of
Bose-Einstein
condensation in dilute
gases of alkali atoms, and
for early fundamental
studies of the properties of
the condensates
U.S.A.
Wolfgang Ketterle
2001
for the achievement of
Bose-Einstein
condensation in dilute
gases of alkali atoms, and
for early fundamental
studies of the properties of
the condensates
Germany
Carl Wieman
2001
for the achievement of
Bose-Einstein
condensation in dilute
gases of alkali atoms, and
for early fundamental
studies of the properties of
the condensates
U.S.A.
Raymond Davis, Jr.
2002
for pioneering
contributions to
astrophysics, in
particular for the
detection of cosmic
neutrinos
U.S.A.
Masatoshi Koshiba
2002
for pioneering
contributions to
astrophysics, in
particular for the
detection of cosmic
neutrinos
Japan
Riccardo Giacconi
2002
for pioneering
contributions to
astrophysics, which have
led to the discovery of
cosmic X-ray sources
Italy/U.S.A.
Alexei Alexeyevich
Abrikosov
2003
for pioneering
contributions to the
theory of
superconductors and
superfluids
Russia
Vitaly Ginzburg
2003
for pioneering
contributions to the
theory of
superconductors and
superfluids
Russia
Anthony Leggett
2003
for pioneering
contributions to the
theory of
superconductors and
superfluids
U.S.A.
David Gross
2004
for the discovery of
asymptotic freedom in
the theory of the strong
interaction
U.S.A.
Hugh David Politzer
2004
for the discovery of
asymptotic freedom in
the theory of the strong
interaction
U.S.A.
Frank Wilczek
2004
for the discovery of
asymptotic freedom in
the theory of the strong
interaction
U.S.A.
Roy J. Glauber
2005
for his contribution to
the quantum theory of
optical coherence
U.S.A.
John Lewis Hall
2005
for the contribution to
the development of laserbased precision
spectroscopy, including
the optical frequency
comb technique
U.S.A.
Theodor Wolfgang
Hänsch
2005
for the contribution to
the development of
laser-based precision
spectroscopy, including
the optical frequency
comb technique
Germany
John C. Mather
2006
for the discovery of the
blackbody form and
anisotropy of the
cosmic microwave
background radiation
U.S.A.
George Smoot
2006
for the discovery of the
blackbody form and
anisotropy of the
cosmic microwave
background radiation
U.S.A.
Albert Fert
2007
for the discovery of
Giant Magnetoresistance
France
Peter Grünberg
2007
for the discovery of
Giant Magnetoresistance
Germany
Yoichiro Nambu
2008
for the discovery of the
mechanism of
spontaneous broken
symmetry in subatomic
physics
U.S.A.
Makoto Kobayashi
2008
for the discovery of the
origin of the broken
symmetry which
predicts the existence of
at least three families of
quarks in nature
Japan
Toshihide Maskawa
2008
for the discovery of the
origin of the broken
symmetry which
predicts the existence of
at least three families of
quarks in nature
Japan
Charles K. Kao
2009
for groundbreaking
achievements concerning
the transmission of light
in fibers for optical
communication
U.S.A./U.K./Hong
Kong
Willard Boyle
2009
for the invention of an
imaging semiconductor
circuit - the CCD sensor
Canada/U.S.A.
George E. Smith
2009
for the invention of an
imaging semiconductor
circuit - the CCD sensor
U.S.A.
Sir Andre Geim
2010
for groundbreaking
experiments regarding
the two-dimensional
material graphene
Netherlands/U.K.
Sir Konstantin Novoselov
2010
for groundbreaking
experiments regarding
the two-dimensional
material graphene
Russia/U.K.
Saul Perlmutter
2011
for the discovery of the
accelerating expansion
of the Universe through
observations of distant
supernovae
U.S.A.
Adam Riess
2011
for the discovery of the
accelerating expansion
of the Universe through
observations of distant
supernovae
U.S.A.
Brian Schmidt
2011
for the discovery of the
accelerating expansion
of the Universe through
observations of distant
supernovae
Australia/U.S.A.
Serge Haroche
2012
for ground-breaking
experimental methods
that enable measuring
and manipulation of
individual quantum
systems
France
David J. Wineland
2012
for ground-breaking
experimental methods
that enable measuring
and manipulation of
individual quantum
systems
U.S.A.