I
heard
that!
Introduction to Audiology
Chapter 1
Perry C. Hanavan, Au.D,
Audiologist
Circle of Courage
BIGM
Auditory Practice Necessary to
Influence Neural Structure (Mastery)
(Dehaene, 2009): 20,000 hours of listening
as basis for reading
(Gladwell, 2008): 10,000 hour rule key to
success
(Hart & Risley, 1995): 30 million word gap
study
(Pittman, 2008): Children with HL require
3X the exposure to learn each new word
and concepts due to reduced acoustic
bandwidth caused by HL
30 Million Word Gap Study
(Hart & Risely 1995)
NPR: Sean Forbes: Deaf but not Quiet
32 million Americans have hearing loss.
Can you identify each of the celebrities?
You Are Not Alone!
One in ten
Americans has
a hearing loss
OSHA
• 5-10 million Americans are at risk
for NIHL exposure to sounds above
85 dBA in the workplace
• 48 million Americans engage in
shooting sports, the most common
cause of non-occupational NIHL
Question
How many babies are born annually in the
U.S.?
A. 3 million
B. 4 million
C. 5 million
D. 6 million
E. Heaven knows?
Quick Facts
4 ________ babies born in U.S. annually
– 3-5/_____ babies born with hearing loss
– 1 in 1,000 U. S. newborns (or 33 babies every
day) are born profoundly deaf
– 2-3 out of 1,000 babies born with partial
hearing loss, making hearing loss the number
one birth defect in America.
_____ million Americans have hearing loss
_____ most chronic condition for the elderly
Hearing Identification in (U.S.)
About 95% of newborns screened
for HL
91% of referred infants returned for
follow-up evaluation.
39% fit with HA by 6 mo.
61% fit late or lost to follow-up.
– Unilateral hearing loss and late
diagnosis were statistically significant
(p < .0001) predictors for late fitting and
loss to follow-up.
(Spivak 2009)
Auditory Development
#1 Factor: Age at
fitting of amplification
(for children with
congenital hearing
loss) in predicting
every outcome in
auditory development
(Sininger, Grimes &Christensen
2010)
Hearing Loss
HEARING LOSS IN AMERICA
7%
25%
(28 million people)
25% Currently Use Hearing Aids
33%
5% Medical or Surgical Treatment Required
5%
30%
30% Can’t Afford Hearing Aids
33% Deny or Hide Hearing Loss
7% Unaware of Hearing Loss
White Paper on Societal Cost of
Hearing Loss
AAA
Links to Prevalence of HL
The Prevalence and Incidence of Hearing
Loss in Children
The Prevalence and Incidence of Hearing
Loss in Adults
The estimate of the prevalence of
hearing impairment by age group
What is Audiology?
Audiology is the study of _____, hearing
disorders, and habilitation/rehabilitation for
individuals who have _______ loss. It
encompasses the study of how the _____
mechanism works; the assessment of
hearing; hearing and listening disorders;
and the rehabilitation of individuals who
have hearing loss.
– ASHA
What is an Audiologist?
__________ are professionals engaged in
autonomous practice to promote healthy
hearing, communication competency, and
quality of life for persons of all ages through the
prevention, _________, assessment, and
rehabilitation of hearing, auditory function,
balance, and other related systems. (ASHA)
An __________ is a professional who
diagnoses, treats, and manages individuals with
hearing loss or balance problems. (AAA)
Historical Development
Parents
– _______
– Speech language pathology/educators of the
deaf
Relatives
– Pediatrics
– Geriatrics
– Neurology
What is an Audiologist
Clinician
Therapist
Teacher
Researcher
Consultant
Administrator
Audiology Services
Private Practice
Hospital
Medical Practice
Schools
________/College
Other
Video
Question
Where most audiologist are employed?
A. Non-residential health care
B. College/University
C. Hospital
D. Schools
E. Industry
F. Other
Place of Employment -2012
Scope of Practice
ASHA
AAA
Philosophical Issues
Jerger
– Assessment and
treatment of ________
Kileny
– Various roles/functions
performed
Education
Minimum
Requirements
– ____
– Ph.D.
Continuing
Education
Licensure/Registration/Certification
Current status (ASHA)
Licensure
Registration
Certification
– ASHA
• _________ of Clinical Competence (CCC-A)
– AAA
• American Board of _________ (ABA)
Team
Let’s Play Audiologist
Age of Client
Newborns
Preschoolers
Grade school
Middle school
High school
Post secondary
Young adults
Middle age
Old age
Age of Onset
Age of Onset and Gender
Age of Onset and Income
Hearing Loss and Impact on
Household Income
Hearing
Loss
Normal
Hearing
Better Hearing Institute, (2005). Hearing loss and its impact on household
income. The Hearing Review; 12:16-24
Treated Vs. Untreated HL
Impact on Household Income
Better Hearing Institute, (2005). Hearing loss and its impact on household
income. The Hearing Review; 12:16-24
Etiologies
Etiologies by Onset
Etiologies in Students
Common Syndromes Associated with Hearing Loss
Name of syndrome
Other features that may occur (besides hearing loss)
Alport
Kidney problems
Branchio-oto-renal (BOR)
Neck cysts and/or ear tags and kidney problems
Jervell and Lange-Nielsen
Heart problems
Pendred
Thyroid enlargement or low thyroid function
Stickler
Unusual facial features, cleft palate, eye problems (nearsightedness,
cataracts, or retinal detachment,) arthritis, heart problems
Usher
Progressive blindness
Waardenburg
White patch of hair or light-colored skin patches; eyes of two different
colors, or bright blue eyes, or widely spaced eyes
Quiz
How many babies are born in the US each
year?
A. More than enough
B. 400000
C. 4000000
D. 300000
E. 3000000
Hearing loss is the ______ most prevalent
chronic condition in the elderly
A. Second
B. Third
C. Fourth
D. Fifth
E. Not a chronic condition
Evolution of Audiology
From primarily an academic discipline into a
health-care profession
From a communication disorder profession into
a hearing profession
From a teacher-training model of education into
a health-care model of education
From a certification model to a licensure model
of defining the privilege and right to practice
(Stach, Clinical Audiology, pp. 25-33)
Which professional organization(s)
represent audiologists?
A. ASD
B. ADD
C. AAA
D. ASHA
E. C and D
Professional Organizations
AAA (American Academy of Audiology)
AAS (American Auditory Society)
AG Bell Association
ARA (Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology)
ASHA (American Speech Language Hearing
Association)
EAA (Education Audiology Association)
ISA (International Society of Audiology)
The current minimum degree for
audiologists entering college?
A. MA
B. Au.D.
C. Ph.D.
D. MS
E. B or C
How You Can Practice the Circle of
Courage
Belonging
– Be courteous in communication
• Be quiet/don’t sign while others are talking
– Use appropriate communication strategies
– Be inclusive
________
– Teach others how to use effective communication strategies so
they can be independent rather than dependent
Generosity
– Use “clear speech” when speaking
– Volunteer in hearing screening programs
Mastery
–
–
–
–
Teach others about clear speech
Teach others about prevention of hearing loss
Apply principles learned in class to communication
Interpret audiograms and other hearing diagnostic tests
Circle of Courage
Belonging
Independence
__________
Mastery