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Charles G Finney
Lyman Beecher
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- American clergyman, revivalist preacher, and educator.
- became the president of Oberlin College in 1851
- rejected Calvinist ideals in the "elected" and wanted to know how one can achieve salvation and concluded that anyone could receive
eternal glory by rejecting sin and accepting Jesus as a redeemer
- believed in human perfection where mankind could become perfect like God
- through sermons, Finney denounced the "sin of slavery" and supported the temperance movement
- sermons were so powerful that his audiences commonly burst into tears, shrieked, fainted, and fell into trances
 Beecher, Lyman, 1775-1863, American Presbyterian clergyman,
 b. New Haven, Conn., grad. Yale, 1797. In 1799 he became pastor at East Hampton, N.Y.
 While serving (1810-26) in the Congregational Church at Litchfield, Conn., he published his six sermons on intemperance, which
passed through many American and English editions.
 Beecher helped to found (1816) the American Bible Society. In 1826 he was called to the Hanover St. Church, Boston, where his
revival services created excitement.
 He was president of Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, from 1832 to 1852.
 His liberal views not infrequently placed him in sharp opposition to the conservative group in the Presbyterian Church.
 Of his 13 children, Henry, Charles, Edward, Thomas, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Catharine Esther Beecher won wide recognition.
Catherine Beecher
 American author and educator
 Wrote the best selling work Treatise on Domestic Economy (1841)
 Believed that women should become teachers to be more known to the society
 Founded schools and organizations that were focused on training women to become instructors
 Opened the Hartford Female Seminary in Hartford, Connecticut
 Emphasized on developing the moral and religious character of her students
 Felt women should be respected more outside the home
 Opened the Western Female Institute- a school devoted to instructing women to teach others
 Published a tract that called on women to unite against the system of slavery, " Slavery and Abolition with Reference to the Duty
of American Females"
 Founded Women’s Education Association in New York to raise funds for establishment of women’s education
 Active fighter for women’s education
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Horace Mann
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William McGuffey
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Dorothea Dix
Theodore Dwight Weld
Frederick Douglass
Created a new vision of women as a strong influential force
Horace Mann, of Massachusetts, was the hugest and most influential supporter of the common school movement of 1820-1850.
To support the local schools Horace Mann tried to establish a state board of education and adequate tax support.
To persuade arguers to support public schools through taxation, the 1st secretary of the new Board of Education, Horace Mann
convinced them that the private property of the school was good for the community and its future.
Mann's believe of the children was the fact that the young pupils could be molded and shaped to perfection by teachers and
school officials in class rooms; through rearing than physical force.
Mann's schools taught the middle and upper class the values of morality and respect for others, taught the dedicated lower class
social mobility, imposed uniform culture on those who valued different traditions, and taught the three "R's" to the students.
Born September 23, 1800 and died May 4, 1873
A college professor at Miami University, Cincinnati College, and University of Virginia, as well as
president at Ohio University and Woodward College.
Most Famous for McGuffey Readers, a series of textbooks that sold 122 million between 1836 and 1960.
He was a minister preaching for the Presbyterian church.
Born in Pennsylvania and is buried in Virginia.
1. Created the first generation of American mental asylums.
2. Wrote Conversations on Common Things
3. Travelled all over the U.S documenting the condition of pauper lunatics
4. Founded many public mental hospitals including in Penn. and Illinois
5. Appointed superintendent of the Union Army Nurses during the Civil War
 Attended Hamilton College and Oneida Institure and was influenced by Presbyterian Evangelist, Charles G. Finney
 He gave forceful lectures, trained workers for American Anti-Slavery Society, and wrote influential pamphlets
 Served as an advisor to an an Anti - Slavery bloc in Congress
 Wrote and got published important Anti - Slavery Literature
 The Bible Against Slavery (1837) - religious arguments against slavery
 American Slavery As It Is: Testimony of a Thousand Witnesses (1839) - an encyclopedia of facts and a storehouse of arguments
 NOTHING was published under his name - Anonymity was emphasized
 Gave a touching speech at Garrison's funeral
 Opened two schools in NJ - stressed manual labor, most abolitionists' children attended these
 AFTER Civil War - He crusaded for the Women's Rights.
· Sought to embody 3 keys for success in life
à Believe in yourself
à Take advantage of every opportunity
à Use the power of spoken or written language to effect positive change for yourself and society
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Published his own newspaper which was called The North Star
He was a relentless abolitionist who worked rigorously for equality, and justice
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Sojourner Truth
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Harriet Tubman
George Ripley
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Sarah and Angelina Grimke
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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· Was a trusted advisor to Honest Abe
Isabella Baumfree or Sojourner Truth,was born in 1797 in Ulster County, New York.
She was passed on to different owners three times before she escaped.
After becoming a traveling preacher, she joined a utopian ideals society called Northampton Association of Education and Industry in
Massachusetts.
During the Civil War she frequently spoke for the Union, and also for enlisting black troops and freeing slaves.
*Famous speech: "Ain't I a woman?" at the 1851 women's rights convention
1. Harriet Tubman was born a slave but soon escaped to freedom after marrying.
2. She was struck on the head when younger, causing random seizing and dreamy thoughts.
3. Harriet led over 70 slaves through the Underground Railroad system, obtaining freedom for most.
4. She followed John Brown's ideas of abolition but refrained from endoring violence towards whites.
5. Harriet advocated for women's right to vote when in her later years.
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Founded Brook Farm in 1841
Influenced many reform movements: abolitionism, workingmen's movement, and women's rights movement
He was a big-time Transcendentalist
Believed in a unitarian form of religion and believed transforming an entire community was the fastest way to reform many issues
His school thought people should be able to communicate effectively and build on their talents rather than teach based on
discipline
-Wrote ten novels
-Visited plantation to see how slaves were treated
-Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, displaying how slaves were treated
-Helped spread abolition ideas around nation
-Sold over a million copies in two years
 they had no fashion sense and looks miserable.
 both were one of the earliest followers on the abolition of slavery and woman's movement
 they were ridiculed for traveling through the north, expressing their experiences on slavery in the plantations
 became woman's advocated after participating as abolitionists, because they felt it would be more effect in the abolition of
slavery
 their father was greatly supported slavery and a wealthy plantation owner
 they girls later converted into Quakers
 Angelica wrote a letter against slavery to William Garrison, who published her letters are the liberation (it spoke of ant-slavery)
- Elizabeth Cady was born on November 12, 1815, raised with a formal education (graduating the Emma Willard School instead of the wellmatched but male-only Union College) and married the abolitionist Henry Brewster Stanton.
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Lucretia Mott
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- She had clarified to her husband that she was a feminist and advocated equal partnership, women's property rights, custody rights,
improvement of divorce laws, and suffrage.
- Stanton who moved to Seneca Falls, New York in 1847. The Seneca Falls of 1848, organized with newly-befriended, fellow feminist Lucretia
Mott, publicized her drafting of the Declaration of Sentiments containing all demands for women's rights.
- Stanton and Susan B. Anthony worked together in the temperance movement and women's rights (Anthony mainly for suffrage, Stanton
pushed for overall improvements in all areas dominated by men) Together, they organized the National Women Suffrage Association in
1869.
- Post Civil War: Stanton opposed the 14th and 15th Amendments for African American male suffrage (despite being an abolitionist)
because it excluded the rights of women.
-Lucretia Mott withdrew from the first World's Anti-slavery Convention because the sponsors refused to seat women
-She organized the Seneca Falls Convention in New York in 1828.
-Public speaker of abolition.
-Wrote the Declaration of Sentiments with Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
-Elected as first president of the American Equal Rights Convention.
-After her first child died she became more involved in the Quaker Religion.
-She refused to use cotton cloth, cane sugar, and other slavery-produced goods.
Robert Owen
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Mother Ann Lee
Robert Owen was a social reformer and one of the founders of socialism and the cooperative movement.
Founded a community based on common and equal ownership of property and New Harmony, Indiana
With the aid of Francis Wright, with whom he established (1829) in New York City the Free Enquirer, a paper opposing organized
religion and urging wide social changes.
Owen's reforms emphasized cleanliness, happiness, liberal schooling without recourse to punishment, and wages in hard times.
In The Crisis (1832) Owen advocated exchanging commodities for labor rather than money to relieve unemployment.
When Lee was 8 years old, she began working in a cotton factory and then was a cutter for hatter’s fur.
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Lee was never comfortable with sexuality and did not want to marry but her father forced her to marry Abraham Standerin. The couple
was married at the Manchester Cathedral , and she was pregnant eight times after, but none of her children lived past age 6.
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Lee was the founder of the United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing, which is mostly recognized as the Shakers.
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Lee believed that sex was bad, and even is sin because it undid the work Jesus did, and the only way to expand the kingdom of Jesus was
through celibacy.
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The Shakers asserted that as Christ had embodied the masculine half of God's dual nature and the Lee was the other half that served as a
female.
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Lee and her followers often spent nights in jail because they were believed to be British spies, and they did not follow, “The Laws of the
Land.”
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Henry David Thoreau
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Lee was illiterate and everything she preached and taught was by memory and after her death Lucy Wright and Joseph Meacham
continued to instill the ways of the Shakers in people.
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Sylvester Graham
Elijah Lovejoy
Amelia Bloomer
Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell
Joseph Smith
Neighbors with Ralph Waldo Emerson, who's ideas had a great deal of impact on his own.
Born in 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts.
"Walden" was one of Thoreau's most famous works. It was in a general sense about the time he spent living at Walden Pond.
Truthfully, it's hard to find order or a storyline within the book.
Wrote the essay on "Civil Disobedience" which argued against strong centralized rule.
Went to live in isolation and create a utopia of one by living alone by Walden Pond.
 A temperance reformer
 Was a vegetarian who wanted people to be that way too
 Wanted to reform diets
 Said fresh foods, such as fruits and vegetables were the best
 Part of his plan was for people to take cold showers, wear lighter clothing, and exercise
 Created Graham flour and thus the Graham Cracker! Yumm.
 Was converted to the Presbyterian Church by Rev. Nelson, starting his study of theology
 published The St. Louis Observer focusing on abolishing slavery till his press was destroyed in 1836
 Many feared his influence as a refomer might cause radical movements
 Moved to Alton soon after only to have 3 presses destroyed yet again.
 Died November 7th after pro-slavery mob attacked warehouse for the Observer.
 was editor of her own paper, The Lily, first published in 1849
 The Lily was a newspaper for women that was devoted to temperance and women's rights
 became a member of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848
 when she married her husband, Dexter Bloomer, she had the word "obey" removed from her vows
 was an advocate for the wearing of pantlettes and shorter dresses by women so they could be more comfortable
 after she voiced her approval in her monthly paper for the pantlettes, they were then named after her, "bloomers"
Elizabeth Blackwell was the first women physician after being the first women to graduate medical school and receive her medical
degree.
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She had applied to many colleges and finally was accepted at Geneva Medical College, although they had only accepted her
because they did not think it was serious.
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Elizabeth had turned to private practice when she was rejected a position as a physician everywhere else, her sister, Emily, had also
joined her.
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She continued to fight for women’s rights, especially the ability for them to be able to attend medical college
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Recieved a call as a prophet at age 15
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Told by an "angel" in 1823 about a hidden gospel on golden plates with stones that would help him translate it from "reformed
Egyptian".
 These were delivered to him in 1823, and published in the Book of Mormon in 1830
 Organized the Church of Latter Day Saints in April, 1830
 Built the community of Zion, Missouri
 Moved to Nauvoo, IL after an anti-Mormon movement in MO
 Introduced the idea of polygamy
 Announced his run for presidency in 1844, and was imprisoned along with his brother
 Shot and killed by a mob of 150 men while in prison on June 27th, 1844
 Leader of the Morman movement
 Born 1801, died in 1877
 Moved Morman religion to Salt Lake City and surrounding area
 Converted thousands of new Mormans
 President of the Quorum of the Twelve apostles from 1847 - 1877
 Against liquor, tobacco, stimulants, gambling, and cardplaying
 Supported polygamous relationships because it differed from all other religions
 Had many wives and 56 children
 Ancestor of Steve Young, former quarterback for the SanFransisco 49ers
 10. Official govenor of Utah Territory from 1850 - 1858
American Utopian Socialist
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Brigham Young
John Humphrey Noyes
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Born in Brattleboro Vermont
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Founded Oneida Community in 1848
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Term “free love”- term used in the 19th century to describe a social movement that rejects marriage, which was seen as a social
bondage, especially for women.
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1847-Charged of Adultery
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“Perfectionism”-declared that he had achieved a state of Sinlessness.
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The Oneida Community, in 1879 was a 300 members community had many successful industries. Manufactured animal traps, silk
thread, canned fruits and vegetables.
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Noyes son Pierrepont consolidated the community’s industries and focused solely on silverware production.
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William Lloyd Garrison
Wendell Phillips
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Company’s name changed to Oneida Limited and was the largest producer of flatware in the world for much of the 20 th century.
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1) Was persuaded by black opposition to colonization to support immediate freedom for slaves without emigration.
2) Began publishing The Liberator in 1831 in Boston in which he denounced colonization as a slaveholder plot to get rid of meddling blacks,
and an ignoble surrenderto prejudice.
3) Helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833 which was full of abolitionists.
4) Helped to turn many northern "colonizationists" into abolitionists, thus expanding the movement.
5) Helped to create a link between the abolitionist movement and the woman's rights movement because he helped to defend a woman's
right to speak in public.
 - Wendell Phillips went to Harvard Law School
- Wendell Phillips became an abolitionist under the influence of William Lloyd Garrison
- He believed that slavery was unconstitutional
- Phillips was also a champion of Woman's rights
- after the abolition of slavery, Phillips was active in getting equal rights for Native Americans