Attack the Pharmacy Technician Certification Exam Quang Truong TECM 2700.021 05/07/14 Table of Contents Getting Started:…………………...…………………………….....v Chapter 1: Pharmacology for Technicians………………………...1 Top 100 Drugs Table 1..……..……………..….......…..3,4,5,6,7 Chapter 2: Pharmacy Law and Regulations……………………….8 Federal Pharmacy laws Table 2…….…………...………...10,11 Preamble……………………………………………..……12,13 Chapter 3: Systems of Measurements……………………………14 Conversion Chart Table 3. 1-4………..………………..16,17,18 Chapter 4: Medication Safety……...…………………………….19 Medical Safety Rules………………………………………...21 Chapter 5: Medical Terminology and Abbreviation.…………….22 Terminology……………………………….……24,25,26,27,28 Frequently asked questions………………………………………29 Glossary:…………………………………………………………30 Index:…...…………………………………………………….31,32 Citation………………………………………………………..33,34 iii Getting Started… This manual is designed to take the pharmacy technician certificate exam covering all the main points. The exam is administered by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board (PTCB) and is required to achieve certification by the PTCB. This manual covers Pharmacology for Technicians Pharmacy Law and Regulations Systems of Measurements Medication Safety Medical Terminology and Abbreviation Where each chapter shows what is the topic is about. What you need to learn from each chapter. Showing step-by-step instructions how to study the exam in each chapter. Finally, notes to consider for the exam and your future as a pharmacy technician. This manual increases your chances to pass the exam to get your pharmacy technician license and reduces your time and effort finding all the important information that will be on the test. v Chapter 1: Pharmacology for Technician 1 Chapter 1: Pharmacology for Technician Pharmacology is often described as a bridge science because it incorporates knowledge and skills from a number of basic science disciplines. Pharmacologists are able to 'translate' such knowledge into the rational development of therapeutics. What you will learn in this chapter from the Top 100 Drugs Table 1 Learn 100 drugs commonly use on the exam. Learn the brands of the drug. Learn the generic of the drug. Learn the function of the drug. The top 100 drugs listed here have been compiled from lists of the most widely prescribed generic and brand name drugs. How to Study by Making Flash Cards 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Make sure you have a clear space to work in. Consider using software based flash card maker. Collect your flash cards and textbook. Highlight the most important information. Write short, concise notes. Make sure your writing is large, clear and well spaced. Make diagrams by making diagrams and labeling them, you will learn the part of the diagram in case of needing it in an exam. 8. Repetition is the key to memorizing all the conversion (practice example question from online.) NOTES: Memorizing and practicing these 100 drugs are beneficial for the exam and place of work because these are the most drugs commonly used in the work field. 2 Top 100 Drugs Table 1 Brand Generic Function Vicodin APAP + Hydrocodone Pain Relief Prinivil Lisinopril ACE inhibitor Zocor Simvastatin Statin Synthroid Levothyroxine Amoxil Amoxicillin Zithromax Azithromycin Microzide Hydrochlorothiazide Thiazide Diuretic Norvasc Amlodipine Calcium Channel Blocker Xanax Alprazolam Benzodiazepine Glucophage Metformin Antidiabetic Lipitor Atorvastatin Statin Prilosec Omeprazole Augmentin Amoxicillin + Clavulanate Tenormin Atenolol Diuretic Lasix Furosemide Beta Receptor Blocker (B1) Lopressor metoprolol S.S.R.I. Zoloft Sertraline Sleep Aid Ambien Zolpidem Pain Relief Hormone Replacement Antibiotic (Penicillin) Macrolide Antibiotic Proton Pump Inhibitor Penicillin Antibiotic Percocet Oxycodone + APAP Proton Pump Inhibitor 3 Tamiflu Oseltamivir Nexium Esomeprazole Plavix Clopidogrel Singulair Montelukast Sterapred Prednisone Anti-Viral (Flu) Proton Pump Inhibitor Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Leukotriene Inhibitor Corticosteroid Lexapro Escitalopram S.S.R.I Advil Ibuprofen N.S.A.I.D Celexa Citalopram ProAir Albuterol Prozac Fluoxetine Anti-Depressant (S.S.R.I.) B2 Receptor Agonist(Lungs) S.S.R.I. Neurontin Gabapentin Anti-Convulsant Coumadin Warfarin Ultram Tramadol Klonopin Clonazepam Blood Thinner Pain Relief (Non-Narcotic) Benzodiazepine Ativan Lorazepam Keflex Cephalexin Flexeril Cyclobenzaprine Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim Septra Cipro Ciprofloxacin Flonase Fluticasone Benzodiazepine Antibiotic (Cephalosporin) Muscle Relaxant Antibiotic Combination Quinolone Antibiotic Inhaled Steroid Dyrenium Triamterene Diuretic Pravachol Pravastatin Cholesterol /Statin Crestor Rosuvastatin Statin Advair Fluticasone + Salmeterol Bronchodilator + Steroid Desyrel Trazodone Anti-Depressant Darvocet Propoxyphene + APAP Pain Relief Fosamax alendronate Allegra Fexofenadine Mevacor Lovastatin Coreg Carvedilol Paxil Paroxetine S.S.R.I. Mobic Meloxicam N.S.A.I.D. Valium Diazepam Benzodiazepine Diovan Valsartan Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Cymbalta Duloxetine Anti-Depressant Effexor Venlafaxine Anti-Depressant Zantac Ranitidine Histamine Blocker (H2) Diflucan Fluconazole Anti-Fungal Aleve Naproxen Vibramycin Doxycycline N.S.A.I.D Antibiotic (Tetracycline) Bone Resorption Inhibitor Antihistamine (H1) Cholesterol / Statin Beta Receptor Blocker Oxycontin Elavil Oxycodone Potassium Chloride Amitriptyline Prevacid Lansoprazole Actos Pioglitazone Medrol Methylprednisolone Zyloprim Allopurinol Tylenol 3 Vasotec Soma Codeine + APAP Enalapril Carisoprodol Flomax Tamsulosin Klor-Con Seroquel Ezetimibe + Simvastatin Quetiapine Levaquin Levofloxacin Tricor Fenofibrate Catapres Clonidine Phenergan Promethazine Yaz Ethinyl estradiol + Drospirenone Viagra Sildenafil Celebrex Celecoxib Proventil Albuterol Vytorin Pain Relief Electrolyte Anti-Depressant Proton Pump Inhibitor Anti-Diabetic Steroid AntiInflammatory Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Pain Relief ACE Inhibitor Muscle Relaxant Prostate Receptor Agonist Cholesterol Anti-psychotic Antibiotic (Quinolone) Cholesterol Alpha Receptor Agonist Anti-Nausea /Anti-emetic Birth Control Erectile Dysfunction N.S.A.I.D. COX-2 inhibitor Beta Agonist (B2)(Lungs) 6 Lantus Insulin Glargine Insulin Nasonex Mometasone Corticosteroid Lyrica Pregabalin Anti-convulsant /Neurologic Amaryl Glimepiride Antidiabetic Restoril Temazepam Sleep Aid Folvite Folic Acid Mineral Supp. Premarin Conjugated Estrogen Estrogen Replacement Zetia Ezetimibe Colesterol Aldactone Spironolactone Diuretic Lanoxin Digoxin Inotrope Imdur Isosorbide Mononitrate Nitrate Vasodilator Omnicef Cefdinir Anti-biotic (Cephalosporin) Altace Ramipril ACE Inhibitor Nasacort Triamcinolone Inhaled Steroid Ventolin Albuterol Bronchodilator Cozaar Losartan A2RB Concerta Methylphenidate ADHD DiaBeta Glyburide Anti-Diabetic Valtrex Valacyclovir Anti-Viral Pen-VK Penicillin vk Antibiotic 7 Chapter 2: Pharmacy Law and Regulations 8 Chapter 2: Pharmacy Law and Regulations The pharmacy laws in the United States have grown and changed over the years to adapt to modern medicine and its standard practices. It is important to follow pharmacy law and to practice it daily while working as a certified pharmacy technician regardless of which state you reside in. What you will learn in this chapter from Federal Pharmacy laws Table 2 and Preamble Learn the federal pharmacy laws from dates, law, and meaning. Learn the Code of Ethics for Pharmacy Technicians and the 10 principles. How to Study by Making Flash Cards 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Make sure you have a clear space to work in. Consider using software based flash card maker. Collect your flash cards and textbook. Highlight the most important information. Write short, concise notes. Make sure your writing is large, clear and well spaced. Make diagrams by making diagrams and labeling them, you will learn the part of the diagram in case of needing it in an exam. 8. Repetition is the key to memorizing all the conversion (practice example question from online.) NOTES: Memorizing and practicing these laws will help you on the exam and also real world scenario on how the drugs are perform in real-life. 9 Federal Pharmacy Laws Table 2 Year 1906 Drug Law Pure Food & Drug Act 1938 Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act 1951 Durham Humphrey Amendment 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendment 1970 Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention & Control Act 1970 Poison Prevention Packaging Act 1972 Drug Listing Act Meaning Provided the federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of poisonous patent medicines Gave authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics. Defined two specific categories for medications, legend (prescription) and overthe-counter (OTC). Requirement for drug manufacturers to provide proof of the effectiveness and safety of their drugs before approval The manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain substances are regulated. Required a number of household substances to be packaged in child-resistant packaging Requires drug firms to list with FDA prescription drug products manufactured. 1983 Orphan Drug Act 1987 Prescription Drug marketing Act 1990 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 1997 FDA Modernization Act Law passed in the United States designed to facilitate the development and commercialization of drugs to treat rare diseases Designed to discourage the sale of counterfeit, adulterated, misbranded, subpotent, and expired prescription drugs. Gave states permission to create Drug Utilization Review ("DUR") boards to manage state specific drug purchasing and formulary decisions for state purchased health care such as Medicaid programs, injured workers programs, and state employee benefits. Protects health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs Related to the regulation of food, drugs, devices, and biological products by the FDA. 11 Code of Ethics for Pharmacy Technicians Preamble Pharmacy Technicians are healthcare professionals who assist pharmacists in providing the best possible care for patients. The principles of this code, which apply to pharmacy technicians working in any and all settings, are based on the application and support of the moral obligations that guide the pharmacy profession in relationships with patients, healthcare professionals and society. Principles 1. A pharmacy technician's first consideration is to ensure the health and safety of the patient, and to use knowledge and skills to the best of his/her ability in serving patients. 2. A pharmacy technician supports and promotes honesty and integrity in the profession, which includes a duty to observe the law, maintain the highest moral and ethical conduct at all times and uphold the ethical principles of the profession. 3. A pharmacy technician assists and supports the pharmacists in the safe and efficacious and cost effective distribution of health services and healthcare resources. 4. A pharmacy technician respects and values the abilities of pharmacists, colleagues and other healthcare professionals. 5. A pharmacy technician maintains competency in his/her practice and continually enhances his/her professional knowledge and expertise. 6. A pharmacy technician respects and supports the patient's individuality, dignity, and confidentiality. 7. A pharmacy technician respects the confidentiality of a patient's records and discloses pertinent information only with proper authorization. 8. A pharmacy technician never assists in dispensing, promoting or distribution of medication or medical devices that are not of good quality or do not meet the standards required by law. 12 9. A pharmacy technician does not engage in any activity that will discredit the profession, and will expose, without fear or favor, illegal or unethical conduct of the profession. 10. A pharmacy technician associates with and engages in the support of organizations, which promote the profession of pharmacy through the utilization and enhancement of pharmacy technicians. 13 Chapter 3: System of Measurements 14 Chapter 3: System of Measurements System Pharmacy technicians will need to rely on these three main systems of measurement for their career in a pharmacy, whether retail or hospital setting. The most recognized measurement system in health care is the metric system, but technicians will still need to work within three of them. What you will learn in this chapter from Conversion Chart Table 3.1-4 Learn the conversion use in the pharmacy. Understand the units, abbreviation, and equivalents. Learn how to calculate equation without using a calculator by memorizing the conversion tables. How to Study by Making Flash Cards 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Make sure you have a clear space to work in. Consider using software based flash card maker. Collect your flash cards and textbook. Highlight the most important information. Write short, concise notes. Make sure your writing is large, clear and well spaced. Make diagrams by making diagrams and labeling them, you will learn the part of the diagram in case of needing it in an exam. 8. Repetition is the key to memorizing all the conversion (practice example question from online.) NOTES: Metric, Imperial (Standard) System, and the Household will be on the exam and also help you perform your duty making the drugs and exporting the right amount to the customers. Make sure you understand all the conversion, it will help you solved the math problems on the exam. 15 Conversion Chart Table 3.1 System Prefixes with Standard Measures Unit Abbreviation Equivalents Gram g or grm 1g =1000 mg = 1,000,000 mcg Milligram mg Microgram mcg Kilogram kg 1 mg = 1000 mcg = 0.001 g 1 mcg = 0.001 mg = 0.000001 g 1 kg = 1000 g Liter L or l 1 L = 1000 mL Milliliter mL or ml cubic centimeter Meter cc 1 mL = 1 cc = 0.001 L 1 cc= 1 mL= 0.001 L 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm Centimeter cm Millimeter mm Weight Volume m Length 1 cm = 0.01 m = 10 nm 1 mm = 0.001 m = 0.1 cm Table 3.2 Household Measure Equivalents 3 teaspoons = 1 tablespoon 2 tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce 8 fluid ounces = 1 cup 2 cups = 1 pint 2 pints = 1 quart 4 quarts = 1 gallon Table Household-to-Metric Conversions 3.3 Household Measure Metric Equivalent 1 teaspoon = 5 mL 1 tablespoon = 15 mL 1 fluid ounce = 30 mL 1 pint = 473 mL 1 gallon = 3785 mL 1 cup = 240 mL 1 ounce = 28.35 g 1 pound = 454 g 1 pound = 16 oz Table Apothecary-to-Metric Conversions 3.4 Apothecary Measure Metric Equivalent 16.23 minims = 1 mL 1 fluid dram = 4 mL 1 fluid ounce = 30 mL 1 ounce = 8 drams 1 dram = 60 grains 6 fluid ounces = 180 mL 8 fluid ounces = 240 mL 16 fluid ounces = 500 mL 32 fluid ounces = 1000 mL 1 grain = 65 mg 1 ounce = 480 grains 15 grains = 1g 1 pound = 16 oz 2.2 pounds = 1 kg 18 Chapter 4: Medication Safety 19 Chapter 4: Medication Safety Pharmacists in hospitals and health systems play an important role in preventing medication errors. To make sure you use medicines safely and effectively. What you will learn in this chapter Medication safety rules Learn the conversion use in the pharmacy. Understand the units, abbreviation, and equivalents. Learn how to calculate equation without using a calculator by memorizing the conversion tables. How to Study by Making Flash Cards 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Make sure you have a clear space to work in. Consider using software based flash card maker. Collect your flash cards and textbook. Highlight the most important information. Write short, concise notes. Make sure your writing is large, clear and well spaced. Make diagrams by making diagrams and labeling them, you will learn the part of the diagram in case of needing it in an exam. 8. Repetition is the key to memorizing all the conversion (practice example question from online.) NOTES: Medication safety is very important in the pharmacy area. It can decide whether if you can keep your job or not. So, it’s important that you understand the rules and confront your pharmacist if theirs any problem or misunderstanding before it gets out of hand. Make sure you memorized all the safety rules, it will be on the exam. 20 Medication Safety Rules • Keep a list of all medications that you take (prescribed drugs, nonprescription medicines, herbal supplements, home remedies, and medical foods) and medicines that you cannot take due to allergic reactions, and share those with your doctor or pharmacist. • Tell your health care provider how you actually take your medication, especially if this is different from the originally prescribed directions. • Learn the names of the drug products that are prescribed and given to you, as well as their dosage strength and schedules. • Ask if you should avoid certain foods, beverages, other medicines, or activities while you are taking the drug. • Ask for any written information available on the drug product. • Question anything you don't understand or that doesn't seem right. Be especially alert to unexpected changes, such as receiving a prescription refill that seems to have a different strength or appearance from your original prescription. • Show that you understand how to use your medication by repeating information about your prescription back to your doctor or pharmacist. • If you're too ill to follow these suggestions, ask a friend or relative to help. • Remember that when you're in a hospital or health system, you can always ask to speak to the pharmacist if you have questions about your treatment or medications. 21 Chapter 5: Medical Terminology and Abbreviation 22 Chapter 5: Medical Terminology and Abbreviation Once the prescription has entered the pharmacy, it becomes the responsibility of the pharmacy staff to decipher and fill the medication for the patient. This will likely require the translation of various medical abbreviations and some calculation to ensure that the proper quantity is being dispensed. What you will learn in this chapter Medical Terminology and Abbreviation Learn the abbreviation. Understand the meaning and different types of symbols used for abbreviation. Learn the different types of scenarios of abbreviations from routes, dosage form, time and others. How to Study by Making Flash Cards 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Make sure you have a clear space to work in. Consider using software based flash card maker. Collect your flash cards and textbook. Highlight the most important information. Write short, concise notes. Make sure your writing is large, clear and well spaced. Make diagrams by making diagrams and labeling them, you will learn the part of the diagram in case of needing it in an exam. 8. Repetition is the key to memorizing all the conversion (practice example question from online.) NOTES: Prescription intake, which is often the responsibility of a pharmacy technician, involves both the receipt of the initial prescription and, in a community pharmacy setting, gathering pertinent patient data. 23 Terminology Routes aa - affected area a.d. - right ear a.s. - left ear a.u. - each ear IM - intramuscular IV - intravenous IVP - intravenous push IVPB - intravenous piggyback KVO - keep vein open n.g.t. - naso-gastric tube n.p.o. - nothing by mouth nare - nostril o.d. - right eye o.s. - left eye o.u. - each eye per neb - by nebulizer p.o. - by mouth p.r. - rectally p.v. - vaginally SC or SQ - subcutaneously S.L. - sublingually (under the tongue) top. - topically 24 Dosage Form amp. – ampule aq or aqua - water caps - capsule cm or crm - cream elix. - elixir liq. - liquid sol. - solution supp. - suppository SR, XR XL - slow/extended release syr. - syrup tab. - tablet ung. or oint – ointment Time or how often a.c. - before food, before meals a.m. - morning atc - around the clock b.i.d. or bid - twice a day b.i.w. or biw - twice a week h or ° - hour h.s. - at bedtime p.c. - after food, after meals p.m. - evening p.r.n. or prn - as needed q.i.d. or qid - four times a day 25 q - each, every q.d. - every day q_h or q_° - every__hour(s) (i.e., q8h would be translated as every 8 hours) qod - every other day stat - immediately t.i.d. or tid - three times a day t.i.w. or tiw - three times a week wa - while awake Measurements i, ii, ... - one, two, etc. (often Roman numerals will be written on prescriptions using lowercase letters with lines over top of them) ad - to, up to aq. ad - add water up to BSA - body surface area cc - cubic centimeter dil - dilute f or fl. - fluid fl. oz. - fluid ounce g, G, or gm - gram gr. - grain 26 gtt - drop(s) l or L - liter mcg or μg - microgram mEq - milliequivalent mg - milligram ml or mL - milliliter q.s. - a sufficient quantity q.s. ad - add a sufficient quantity to make ss - one-half (commonly used with Roman numerals to add a value of 0.5) Tbs or T - tablespoon tsp or t - teaspoon Other c - with disp. - dispense n/v - nausea and vomiting neb - nebulizer NR - no refills NS or NSS - normal saline, normal saline solution s - without 27 Sig or S - write, label SOB - shortness of breath T.O. - telephone order ut dict or u.d. - as directed V.O. - verbal orde 28 Frequently asked questions… Where is some sample question that I can practice on? You can practice some sample question on www.ptcbpracticetest.com Where can I make flashcard without paying money? You can sign up and create flashcards for free on www.quizlet.com. How can I improve my memorization? Practice 2 times a day for 3 months before the exam and get enough sleep. What score do I have to make to pass the pharmacy technician exam? You have to get at least 650 out of 900 points. Where do I take the exam? The PTCE is offered at Pearson VUE Professional Centers located across the United States. You must schedule an appointment on http://www.pearsonvue.com/ptcb and what’s suited for you to take the exam. How much does the exam cost? The fee to apply for and take the PTCB exam is $129. 29 Glossary Abbreviation- a shortened form of a word or phrase. Ethics-moral principles that govern a person's or group's behavior. Household- a simple indicator to measure household hunger in food-insecure areas. Imperial System- is one of many systems of English or foot-poundsecond units, so named because of the base units of length, mass and time. Metric- of or based on the meter as a unit of length; relating to the metric system. Pertinent- relevant or applicable to a particular matter; apposite. Pharmacology- the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs. Preamble- the introductory part of a statute or deed, stating its purpose, aims, and justification. Rational- based on or in accordance with reason or logic. Remedy- a medicine or treatment for a disease or injury. Repetition- the action of repeating something that has already been said or written. Technician- a person employed to look after technical equipment or do practical work in a laboratory. Terminology- the body of terms used with a particular technical application in a subject of study, theory, profession, etc. Therapeutic - the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease and the action of remedial agents. 30 Index Abbreviation ...................................................... iii, v, 16, 22, 23, 30 Chapter 1 ................................................................................ iii, 1, 2 Chapter 2 ................................................................................ iii, 8, 9 Chapter 3 ............................................................................ iii, 14, 15 Chapter 4 ............................................................................ iii, 19, 20 Chapter 5 ............................................................................ iii, 22, 23 Citation..................................................................................... iii, 33 Conversion Chart .................................................................. 15, 16 Ethics................................................................................... 9, 12, 30 Federal Pharmacy laws Table 2................................................... 9 Frequently asked questions ...................................................... iii, 29 Getting Started ........................................................................... iii, v Glossary ................................................................................... iii, 30 Household ......................................................................... 15, 17, 30 Imperial System ............................................................................ 30 Length Meter, centimeter, milliliter ...................................................... 16 Medication Safety Rules ............................................................. 21 Metric .......................................................................... 16, 17, 18, 30 NOTE ............................................................................. 2, 9, 15, 20 NOTES ......................................................................................... 23 Pertinent ........................................................................................ 30 Pharmacology .............................................................. iii, v, 1, 2, 30 pharmacy technician ........................................... v, 9, 12, 13, 23, 29 Preamble ............................................................................ 9, 12, 30 Rational ......................................................................................... 30 Remedy ......................................................................................... 30 Repetition ............................................................ 2, 9, 15, 20, 23, 30 Table 3 ........................................................................ 15, 26, 17, 18 Technician ...................................................................... i, v, 1, 2, 30 Terminology....................................................... iii, v, 22, 23, 24, 30 Therapeutic ................................................................................... 30 Top 100 Drugs Table 1 ............................................................. 2, 2 Volume Liter, millilter, cubic centimeter ............................................... 16 31 Weight Gram, milligram, microgram, kilogram .................................... 16 32 Citation • "Connect with PTCB on LinkedIn." 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