Unit 5 Study Guide
Chapter 15.3
Zora Neale HurstonAuthor whose work influenced contemporary writers
Ralph Ellison and Toni Morrison
Claude McKayFirst important writer of the Harlem Renaissance
“Shuffle Along”The first musical written, produced, and performed by
African Americans
Bessie Smith“The Empress of the Blues”
Harlem RenaissanceFlowering of African American Arts
Chapter 16
National Broadcasting Company
Established a permanent network of radio stations to
distribute daily programs.
Mass Production
Large scale manufacturing usually by machinery
Kelly Act
Authorized postal officials to contract with private airplane
operators to carry mail
Sociological Department
Set requirements that workers employed by Henry Ford
had to meet
Fordney-McCumber Act
Raised tariffs in an effort to protect American industry from
foreign competition
Ohio GangFriends of President Harding
Teapot Dome ScandalSecretary of the interior secretly allowed private interests
to lease lands containing the US Navy Oil Reserves in
Teapot Dome, Wyoming.
Model TOne of the first mass produced assembly line cars.
Designed to be inexpensive and reliable
Air Commerce ActAllowed for federal money for building of airports.
Supply-side economicsThe idea that as the economy grows through low taxes
the government will actually make more money than if it
collected high taxes in a lower economy.
Charles Evan HughesProposed a reduction in the navy.
Charles G. DawesWanted to loan money to Germany to help them repay
their war debts.
Chapter 17
Bank RunTake place when many depositors decide to withdraw their money
at one time
Stock MarketBuying and selling ownership shares of companies.
Installment PlanMaking down payment and paying the rest of the price in monthly
installments.
Bull MarketWhen stock prices continually rise.
OverproductionA key cause of the Great Depression
HobosUnemployed Americans who wandered around the
country, walking, hitchhiking, or “riding the rails”
Gone With the WindA famous film of the depression era
BailiffsCourt Officers
ShantytownsPlaces where newly homeless people put up shacks on
unused or public lands
Soup KitchensPrivate charities set up to give poor people a meal
National Credit CorporationCreated a pool of money to rescue troubled banks
Budget DeficitCreated when the government spends more money than
it takes collecting taxes
American Communist PartyHeld rallies and “Hunger Marches” during the depression
Public WorksGovernment financed building projects
Bonus ArmyWorld War I veterans who marched to Washington, D.C.
Chapter 18
Alfred E. SmithRoosevelt succeeded this New York Governor when the governor
ran for president.
Bank HolidayClosing banks before bank runs could put them out of business.
New DealRoosevelt’s policies for ending the great depression.
Civilian Conservation CorpsOffered young men ages 18-25 the opportunity to work under the
direction of the National Forestry Service planting trees, fighting
fires, and building reservoirs. Workers earned $30 a month and
lived near the site. The CCC put 3 million people to work by 1942.
Fireside ChatsDirect talks via radio that FDR held with the American people.
National Industrial Recovery ActSuspended the anti-trust laws and allowed businesses, labor, and
government to cooperate in setting up voluntary rules for each
industry. In addition the NIRA guaranteed workers the right to form
unions.
Federal Emergency Relief AdministrationChanneled money to state and local agencies to fund their own
relief projects.
Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationProvided banks with government insurance for bank deposits.
National Labor Relations ActGuaranteed workers the right to organize unions without
interference from employers and the right to bargain collectively.
Deficit SpendingGovernment practice of spending borrowed money to pay for
programs without regard to a balanced budget.
Social Security ActLaw providing some security for the elderly.
Works Progress AdministrationEmployed people to build highways, roads, streets, public buildings,
parks, bridges, and airports. The WPA also had a program called
“Federal Number One” that employed thousands of artists,
musicians, theater people, and writers.
Schechter VS The United StatesSupreme Court case struck down the National Industrial
Recovery Act.
Harry HopkinsHead of the Works Progress Administration.
Francis PerkinsFirst woman to hold a cabinet post as Secretary of Labor.
Harold IckesHead of the Public Works Administration who pushed for
more government spending.
Broker StateMediating the role of the government to work out
conflicts among competing interest groups.
John Maynard KeynesBritish economist who argued that the government
should spend heavily during a recession.
Part 2
Chapter 15.3
Explain how the rest of the world looks at jazz.
Considered America’s contribution to music.
Where did the great migration start and end?
It started in the South and ended in northern manufacturing cities.
It increased African American political power in the north.
How was Racism dealt with in relation to the Harlem Renaissance
and its writing?
It showed the bitter contempt for racism through writing and
poetry.
What occurred to Judge John J. Parker’s nomination to the
Supreme Court and who was involved?
He was defeated by efforts from the NAACP.
Who was Marcus Garvey? Explain his importance.
Leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. His role
was to make African American’s more independent both socially
and financially.
What was the purpose of the UNIA?
To gain economic and political power by education.
Chapter 16
Explain how the assembly line worked.
Divided operations into simple tasks that unskilled workers could
do.
What did the assembly line do to workers jobs?
It made jobs simpler but faster by dividing jobs into simple tasks,
often causing injury due to the speed of the assembly line.
What did the assembly line do to efficiency?
It increased efficiency.
How did advertising effect consumers and the companies that were
making products?
Advertising created new consumers and more markets for products.
What is the purpose of Advertising?
To create new markets for goods.
How did Ford affect the automobile and the automobile culture?
He almost single handedly changed the auto from a toy of the
wealthy to an affordable necessity for the middle class.
What is the consumer goods industry?
The industry that produces goods for the home.
How did Prohibition affect Detroit and the surrounding area?
Prohibition was the second largest industry in the area.
Chapter 17
A major campaign issue in the 1928 election was?
Prohibition
Alfred E. Smith endured a smear campaign in the 1928 election
because he was…
He was Catholic.
What happened when a bank collapsed during the Great
Depression?
Depositors lost their savings entirely.
How did the Federal Reserve contribute to the Depression?
By lowering loan rates.
What do most economists agree was the cause of the Depression?
Overproduction.
What did thousands of World War One veterans come to
Washington to lobby Congress for?
The enactment of bonuses for war veterans.
What did the National Credit Corporation used to rescue troubled
banks?
Money from New York bankers.
What were stock prices like before the late 1920s?
They generally did not reflect the stocks true value.
Why did the stock markets’ crash weaken the nation’s banks?
Banks had invested their money in the stock market.
What was a major reason for Herbert Hoover’s landslide in the
1928 election?
The prosperity of the 1920s.
Why did farmers on the Great Plains start to lose their crops in
1932?
The soil dried up.
What was the first feature-length animated film?
Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
What was the purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?
To make loans to banks, railroads, and agricultural institutions.
What did the Emergency Relief and Construction Act Provide?
Do not need to answer.
Many unemployed people did what during the Depression?
Rode the rails (Hobos)
Why did President Hoover oppose direct federal relief to the
unemployed?
He believed charities could provide sufficient relief until the
economy improved.
What did President Hoover hope public works would do?
Provide jobs lost in the private sector.
How did the government plan on paying for public works?
Raise taxes or borrow from banks.
Why did stock prices first begin to decline in late 1929?
Stockbrokers stopped margin loans.
Chapter 18
How did FDR win the vote as for Governor?
By giving frequent radio addresses.
Explain “New Nationalism”New nationalism called for the government to run key parts of the
economy.
What did FDR do first in the presidency and why did he do it?
Restore confidence in the banks in order to stabilized the nation’s
money supply.
What was the purpose of the Townsend Plan?
To redistribute wealth.
How was the Social Security Act viewed?
An insurance bill.
How did FDR’s “court packing” plan backfire?
It appeared to interfere with the Constitution’s separation of
powers.
Describe FDR’s cabinet (We’re not talking about his kitchen)His cabinet appeared very disorganized and chaotic.
What was the Committee for Industrial Organization and what was
its goal?
To organize all skilled and unskilled workers in the automobile
industry.
What caused the economic turndown of 1937?
A decrease in government spending.
Why were bank holidays created?
To help prevent bank runs.
What did the National Industrial Recovery Act set up?
Codes of fair competition.
What was the Supreme Court decision in the case Schechter vs.
United States?
It struck down the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA).
Explain the Federal Number One programIt employed people in the arts.
What did the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation do?
Do not need to complete.
What did the Roosevelt Administration created to regulate the
stock market?
The Securities and Exchange Commission.
What did the framers of the Social Security Act see it as?
An Insurance Program
How did the Emergency Bank Relief Act help solve the banking
crisis?
Issuing licenses to banks that federal examiners found to be
financially sound.
What did Roosevelt’s advisers favor?
Intervention in the economy.
What did Senator Huey Long want government to do?
Share the wealth of the rich.
What was the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and what did
it do?
Paid farmers not to grow crops.