10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PROJECT INTRODUCTION
GOAL 1 SUMMARY
GOAL 1 – TASK 1 : DATA SOURCES
CHART OF DATA SOURCES
GOAL 1 – TASK 2 : PRIVACY CONCERNS
INVASION OF PRIVACY LIABILITY
PRIVACY CONCERNS FOR UTILITIES
CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT
SUNSHINE REVIEW
LOCAL LEVERAGING DOCUMENT
INFORMATION REQUEST LETTER
GOAL 1 – TASK 3: SELECTION METHODOLOGY
PARTICIPANT SELECTION MATRIX
PARTICIPANT SELECTION SAMPLE
PROGRAM FLOW DIAGRAM
7
9
11
13
17
27
33
39
47
49
51
53
55
57
GOAL 2 SUMMARY
GOAL 2 – TASK 1: RELATED TERMS
STAKEHOLDER DEFINITION WORKSHEET
GOAL 2 – TASK 2: ASSOCIATED METRICS
ASSOCIATED METERICS LIST
SOCIAL EQUITY DEFINITIONS
GOAL 2 – TASK 3: EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
UTILITY SUMMARY
61
63
65
67
69
71
75
77
GOAL 3 SUMMARY
GOAL 3 – TASK 1: INITIATIVE STAKEHOLDERS
STAKEHOLDER PRIMARY FUNCTION LIST
GOAL 3 – TASK 2: CONCEPTUAL WORK FLOW
CONCEPTUAL WORKFLOW & TIMELINE
PARTICIPANT PERSPECTIVE
83
85
87
91
93
95
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A – PROJECT DEFINITIONS
APPENDIX B – SAMPLE HOMEOWNER TRAINING DOCUMENTS
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3
Table of Contents
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10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
INTRODUCTION
In the built environment (fossil) Energy, (fossil) Water and Land are finite and are becoming
more expensive. The cheapest, most effective way to grow our energy supply, create new job
opportunities and secure affordable living conditions for low-income Floridians is through
energy conservation and efficiency improvements in our structures. In keeping with the goals
that drive sustainability efforts in Alachua County, the 10,000 Home Initiative targets the
residential built environment by using economic advantage to positively impact environmental
and social conditions.
Need
According to data by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2007, 22.8% of Alachua County residents fall
below the poverty level in contrast to 12.1% in the State of Florida (1). In the current economic
climate, we may expect those numbers to be even higher. Energy cost burden relates to the
percentage of household income that is used to pay for energy expenditures. For the poorest
Floridians, those with incomes below 50% of the federal poverty level, the home energy burden
grew from 39% in 2002 to 51% in 2007. Florida Department of Community Affairs (FLDCA) states
its main energy concerns as energy cost burden, inefficient housing, inappropriate content of
current programs, housing instability (3).
The overwhelming majority of homes in Alachua County were built at a time before building
codes required any energy saving technologies or features. Recent upward trends in fuel prices
support the need for preemptive action in the field of energy efficiency.
The bulk of electrical power in Alachua County is provided by Gainesville Regional Utilities from
the Deerhaven Generating Station. Even though Deerhaven is one of Florida’s most efficient,
reliable and economical power generation stations, its impact is tremendous. Harmful air
pollutants, including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, mercury, particulate matter and 1.7 million
metric tons of carbon dioxide are produced each year.
Business Case
The 10,000 Home Initiative is a community scale weatherization project aimed at stimulating
economic growth, reducing environmental impact, and enhancing social equity. A key
component of the initiative is to create a sustainable funding mechanism that will support low
cost energy efficiency upgrades for a large portion of Alachua County residents. This broadbased, shallow-depth program is being designed to harvest the low hanging fruit associated with
residential energy efficiency and will address three key sectors of need in our county: economic
development, environmental protection, and social equity.
Reduced bills
We will seek to reduce energy consumption and utility expenditures in participating homes.
Homes and retrofits will be targeted such that gains in efficiency will exceed the cost of
upgrades. Once upgrades are repaid families will continue to see savings from reduced utility
bills.
Job Creation
By creating incentives for energy efficiency retrofits we can revive the construction industry
through an influx of green jobs. For local contractors that are already familiar with upgrades
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Introduction
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
such as adding attic insulation, ductwork sealing, or air sealing a home, the program will offer
instant relief from sparse work availability. For other aspects of the project where available
talent may be lacking, such as home auditing, locally available training courses can open doors
for entry into an expanding career field.
Sustainable/extended funding
An appropriate funding model is essential to the long term sustainability of any program. For
this weatherization program a revolving loan program has been proposed that would allow
participants to invest in their own energy efficiency. In order to create a sound repayment
method that would reduce the need for rigorous credit checks we have anchored incremental
loan payments to appropriate sources based on home ownership or rental status.
Build energy efficiency into real estate market
One key feature of the funding mechanism is that if a home is sold while the loan is still in
repayment, the loan balance remains tagged to the property.
Improve home value
Making repairs to building envelope, HVAC, appliances and lighting can increase home values
and resale potential. This will be particularly helpful in areas of low income and may help to
build a culture of home awareness and maintenance where it is lacking.
How It Works
Participant Selection – Energy Use, Property Appraisal, Socio-Economic Data
Using energy consumption, property appraisal, and socioeconomic data the most appropriate
program candidates can be identified. By selecting homes with high energy use we can ensure
that there is enough room for improvement so that sufficient gains can be made to outweigh
the retrofit costs. Property appraisal data gives information about building features that can be
compared to give an accurate indication of how well homes perform. Based on these criteria
homes can be targeted for invitation to participate. Additional socioeconomic data, such as
subsidized housing information, can be overlaid to identify households that may qualify/need
subsidized retrofits.
Program Flow – Audit, Educate, Repair, Check, Monitor
After households are identified, contacted, and enrolled, the retrofit process can begin. First the
home should be audited to determine the issues and potential retrofit actions needed. Next the
homeowner should receive education to address home management and maintenance. Repairs
will follow as a contractor visits the home to address items listed in the audit report. The original
auditor will return to verify work performance and homeowner satisfaction. As a verification,
individual home performance will be monitored provide feedback for direction in continuous
program enhancement.
Payback – Owners/Appraiser, Renter/Utility
For homeowners loan repayment could be tied to ad valorem taxes as linked to the property
value. This would allow for a small annual addition to property taxes and would allow
repayment to be leveraged against the physical property. If a homeowner failed to repay the
loan, a lien could be placed on the property for repayment at time of sale. In addition, the
annual tax repayment scheme could be carried over if the property was sold before the loan was
4
Introduction
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
fully repaid. This would create a structure in which energy efficient features of a home begin to
be valued in the real estate market.
If rental properties were included in the program repayment could be tied to the monthly utility
bill. The owner could opt into the program, market the unit’s efficient features, and allow the
renter to repay the upgrades with offset utility savings.In either case, repairs could be subsidized
with matching funding through state or federal assistance programs for low income households.
Key Barriers
Initial Funding
The program will need 6 to 12 months of upfront capital to create the infrastucture. If the
initiative is to approach the intended scale a true funding commitment will be necessary. A key
factor is for the program to gain enough momentum so that the 10,000 home objective can be
achieved in a reasonable amount of time. If not, the initiative will likely stall and remain
dependent on volunteer input as for-profit contractors will not be able to commit to sporadic
work availability. This will affect the quality and longevity of the upgrades.
Administrative Backbone
A dedicated staff of 2 to 3 is preferable for quick launch of the initiative. Their role will be to
bridge gaps between county government, utilities, private sector business, and program
participants. These staff members should come from a background that lends itself well to large
scale project management. As the program grows, additional staff will come onboard to support
additional program participants.
Program Design – Homeowner Education, Workers, Support
Advanced planning and design will be essential to creating an effective program. Particular
attention to participant education, contractor training and management, and continuous
analysis will ensure program success.
Next Steps in Program Design
The next steps in program design will be to further explore funding options, workforce
availability, and to map potential participants.
Financial Options
Initial funding for program launch is the crux of viability for the 10,000 Home Initiative. We will
explore the potential and programming implications associated with municipal bond funding,
internal funding, government grant funding, and other government partnerships.
Workers
In assessing program viability, we will take stock of the workforce potential in the Alachua
County area for program startup and longevity. We will give an estimation of availability, pricing,
and interest, of for-profit contractors that could provide services for auditing, HVAC repair,
carpentry, insulation, building envelope repairs, window repair, etc, could
Participant Selection Mapping
By creating a broad scale map of the selected participants, using the best available data, will
allow the Initiative to target areas that are in most need of upgrades. Mapping will be done by
census block to allow for area targeting and also by individual home to create a working map for
individual home targeting.
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Introduction
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 1
Intent: To layout how Alachua County residents who would
benefit most from weatherization efforts can be targeted
using the best available data.
Under Goal 1 there are 3 main tasks:
1. Identify Agencies who have relevant energy and socioeconomic data for Alachua
County residents.
In order to address this task a chart has been created displaying a brief description
of the data source, a evaluation of the timeliness of the actual data, estimated costs
associated with acquiring the data, and estimated time required to integrate the data
into the overall selection model.
2. Address potential privacy concerns associated with the release of household energy
data to be used in the participant selection process.
In order to address this task documentation has been included that identifies
potential legal ramifications of public or private utilities releasing customer
consumption data. A sample “Confidentiality Agreement” used for interaction between
a government entity and a private utility has been included. Information has been
provided about the Senate Review of Florida Statue 414.295 and it’s relation to
socioeconomic data housed by FloridaWorks (Local Review Document). An information
request letter, as submitted to FloridaWorks by the Alachua County Board of
Commissioners, has been included to serve as an example of a request that may be
submitted to other agencies who house other data related to participant selection.
3. Create methodology to identify program participants based on energy and
socioeconomic status.
In order to address this task a decision matrix for participant selection has been
included that takes into consideration household energy use, ownership status, and
socioeconomic status. A sample of possible participants has been created using
currently available data. This data includes current data from the Alachua County
Property Appraisers office that is used to determine home ownership via Homestead
Exemption status or match with utility customer name. Gainesville Regional Utilities
customer consumption data from calendar year 2006 is used to indicate total annual
energy use.
*This task cannot be fully completed due to unavailable or incomplete data. Using
the t`ools provided under tasks 1 & 2 the 10,000 Initiative should be able to acquire the
data sets needed to fully utilize the decision matrix provided for this task.
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Goal 1 Summary
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 1 – Task 1: Data Sources
Intent: In order to address this task a chart has been created
displaying a brief description of the data source, an evaluation
of the timeliness of the actual data, estimated costs
associated with acquiring the data, and estimated time
required to integrate the data into the overall selection
model.
Under Goal 1 Task 1 there is 1 deliverable:
1. Chart of Data Sources
This chart provides at-a-glance access to the logistics of pertinent information that
may be available to the Initiative for participant selection and verification of energy
savings. In order to provide the desired selection based on energy use and
socioeconomic status, the majority of the reporting entities are utility and social
program providers.
Due to the wide range of data sources and associated perceived privacy concerns
(address in Task 2), much of the data needed for a robust selection process must be
requested, received, managed and disseminated by a government entity. There is some
concern about data source selection and use as reliability of information varies based on
the frequency of update and potential linkages. For instance, household occupancy data
from the U.S. Census is reliable for only a short period after the data is collected.
Another example is food assistance information such as from the Women, Infants, and
Children (WIC) program. This data is linked to the beneficiary name, which may or may
not be associated with data records from utilities or property appraiser. In each case,
desired information is not feasible for integration into the selection criteria for the
10,000 Homes Initiative. Currently, the only data sets that are in our possession for
participant selection are Alachua County Property Appraisers Data, Alachua County
Subsidized Housing, Alachua County Substandard Housing, and Gainesville Regional
Utilities consumption data through March 2007.
Using the chart provided, we can easily locate areas of possible challenge. These can
be clarified once the data files are acquired and analyzed. A data request format and a
schedule for information updates should be created to facilitate timely data transfer
between
the
government
entities,
utilities
and
the
Initiative.
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Goal 1 – Task 1: Data Sources
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Chart of Potential Data Sources
Data Type
Timeliness of
Data
Availability
Acquisiti
on Cost
Gainesville
Regional Utilities
Energy
Use
Updated
Monthly
Upon
Request
No Cost
Time to
Integrate
(hrs)
1
Clay Electric
Cooperative
Energy
Use
Updated
Monthly
No Cost
40
Progress Energy
Energy
Use
Updated
Monthly
Special
Request
Required
Special
Request
Required
No Cost
20
Florida Power &
Light
Energy
Use
Updated
Monthly
No Cost
40
Central Florida
Electric
Cooperative
Alachua County
Property Appraiser
Energy
Use
Updated
Monthly
No Cost
40
Unknown
formatting-
Housing
Features
Updated
Monthly
Special
Request
Required
Special
Request
Required
Web
Download
No Cost
1
State Housing
Initiatives
Partnership
Subsidized
Housing
Continuously
Updated
Special
Request
Required
No Cost
20
Alachua County
Housing Authority
Subsidized
Housing
Continuously
Updated
No Cost
1
Gainesville
Housing Authority
Subsidized
Housing
Continuously
Updated
No Cost
1
Neighborhood
Housing and
Development
Corporation
Women, Infants &
Children
Subsidized
Housing
Continuously
Updated
Special
Request
Required
Special
Request
Required
Special
Request
Required
No Cost
20
Food
Assistance
Continuously
Updated
Special
Request
Required
No Cost
May not be
possible
Florida Works
Welfare
Assistance
Continuously
Updated
Special
Request
Required
No Cost
May not be
possible
Simple Integration
– somewhat
reliable data
Unknown
formatting –likely
linked to property
address
Unknown
formatting- likely
linked to parcel ID
Unknown
formatting – likely
linked to parcel ID
Unknown
formatting – likely
linked to property
address
Unknown
formatting – likely
link to recipient
name
Unknown
formatting – likely
linked to recipient
name
11
Chart of Data Sources
Issues associated
with Integration
Problems acquiring
current/reliable
data
Unusual formatting
–linked to property
address
Unknown
formatting – Most
likely simple
integration using
property address
Unknown
formatting
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 1 – Task 2: Privacy Concerns
Intent: In order to address this task documentation has been
included that identifies potential legal ramifications of public
or private utilities releasing customer consumption data. A
sample “Confidentiality Agreement” used for interaction
between a government entity and a private utility has been
included. Information has been provided about the Senate
Review of Florida Statue 414.295 and its relation to
socioeconomic data housed by FloridaWorks (Local Leveraging
Document). An information request letter, as submitted to
FloridaWorks by the Alachua County Board of Commissioners,
has been included to serve as an example of a request that
may be submitted to other agencies who house other data
related to participant selection.
Under Goal 1 Task 2 there are 6 deliverables:
1. Legal Brief – Invasion of Privacy Liability (12/3/08)
This brief begins the discussion of liability for the public release of utility companies’
customer consumption data, especially addressing the route of the state tort action of
invasion of privacy. The risk was found to be low. This document was produced in
response to the resistance of some utility companies to provide household consumption
data.
Although this document was originally created to address the utility data privacy
concerns of another similar project, its conclusions are applicable to any program in
Florida that seeks to obtain and/or display individual customer utility data.
This document, establishing the low risk of liability, serves as an authoritative,
leveraging tool with utility providers. These documents can be presented for review by
utility legal staff in preparation of any necessary confidentiality agreements.
2. Legal Brief – Privacy Concerns for Utility Companies (1/14/09)
This brief continues the discussion of liability by outlining the difference in the risk of
liability between public and private utilities for the release of customer consumption
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Goal 1 – Task 2: Privacy Concerns
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
3.
4.
5.
6.
14
data. It was determined that public utility companies run almost no risk since their data
likely qualifies as public record. Private utilities run only slightly more risk, and mainly
via the tort of invasion of privacy, though there is a small possibility of basis in federal
constitutional rights. Liability is unlikely to result because of the difficulty in establishing
the necessary legal elements of the aforementioned bases.
Although this document was originally created to address the utility data privacy
concerns of another project, its conclusions are applicable to any program in Florida
that seeks to obtain and or display individual customer utility data.
This document, establishing the low risk of liability, serves as an authoritative,
leveraging tool with utility providers and can be presented for review by utility legal
staff in preparation of any necessary confidentiality agreements.
Confidentiality Agreement
This document is an exemplum of a document that the County can use to address
utility concerns with data release. It is understood that the document may need to be
edited to address requirements of various private data holders.
Sunshine Review
This legislative perspective on “providing public access to the records of
governmental and other public entities” complements the judicial perspective
documents in the rest of this section and supports the dissemination of public utility
consumption records since they are considered “official business of [a] public body”.This
document serves as an authoritative, leveraging tool with public utility providers.
Local Leveraging Document
This documents the information gathering that has established the legal avenues of
transmission of social program participant information. It establishes the necessity for
the County to request, receive and manage sensitive program information.
This document illustrates that, without County involvement to obtain and use social
equity information, the Initiative would take significantly longer and/or would lose
effectiveness. This would primarily occur because of missing or incomplete energy use
and socioeconomic information that would necessitate self-reporting and mailings to
identify specific, low-income, high energy-use residents. The document also provides
reasoning for County to act as requester, recipient and manager of social program
participant information.
Information Request Letter
A letter to Angela Pate, Executive Director of FloridaWorks; from Sean McLendon,
Sustainability Program Manager, requesting the address records of Welfare recipients in
Alachua County since January of 2008 is included. This letter serves as an example of a
Goal 1 – Task 2: Privacy Concerns
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
data request that could be submitted to any of the identified data sources listed for use
in the 10,000 Home Initiative selection process.
The initial concern for creating and submitting these letters lies in targeting the
correct person or department within each organization. In addition to request letters,
meetings or teleconferences may be necessary to fully explain the purposes of the
program and establish timelines, formats, and agreements associated with receiving the
data.
After establishing initial contact with potential data providers, request letters should
be submitted to begin the acquisition process
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Goal 1 – Task 2: Privacy Concerns
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Invasion of Privacy Liability
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Invasion of Privacy Liability
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Invasion of Privacy Liability
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Invasion of Privacy Liability
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Invasion of Privacy Liability
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Invasion of Privacy Liability
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Invasion of Privacy Liability
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Invasion of Privacy Liability
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
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Privacy Concerns for Utilities
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT
This is a Confidentiality Agreement as of the ________ day of July, 2008 (Effective
Date), by and between Clay Electric Cooperative, Inc., (CLAY) a Florida not-for-profit
corporation, having a principal place of business at 225 West Walker Drive, Keystone
Heights, Florida 32656, and The University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural
Sciences (Program for Resource Efficient Communities), (IFAS) whose address is
_____________________________________________.
RECITALS:
A.
IFAS desires to access data from CLAY related to its Program for Resource
Efficient Communities. IFAS desires specific information on electrical consumption by
property and consumer to allow IFAS to make generic statements about how much energy a
home at a certain design and size consumes.
B.
To accommodate IFAS’s request, CLAY will provide IFAS with customer
information, some of which is personally identifiable information (PII), information that is
governed by CLAY’s privacy policy for which CLAY has an obligation to keep confidential.
C.
The parties hereto desire to establish the terms under which CLAY will
disclose certain confidential information and PII regarding CLAY’s customers.
In furtherance of the foregoing recitals which are incorporated herein by reference,
the parties agree as follows:
1.
Confidential Information. Confidential Information shall mean: All customer
information furnished to IFAS that is personally identifiable, including customers’ names,
addresses, and any other information that could be used directly or indirectly to identify a
customer of CLAY.
Confidential Information of CLAY includes, without limitation, all documents,
data, drawings, diagrams, and any other tangible manifestation of the foregoing which now
exist or come into the control or possession of IFAS. If the Confidential Information is
provided orally, CLAY shall clearly identify it as being proprietary or confidential. In the
event CLAY inadvertently fails to clearly identify any tangible or oral information it provides
to IFAS, as confidential or proprietary, in the manner or fashion as set forth herein, such
information shall still be treated by IFAS as confidential or proprietary information, if such
information would otherwise be reasonably construed as Confidential Information
hereunder.
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Confidentiality Agreement
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
2.
Confidentiality Obligations. Except as expressly authorized by the prior written
consent of CLAY, IFAS shall:
(a)
limit access to any Confidential Information received by it to its employees, agents,
consultants or representatives (“Representatives”) who have a need-to-know in connection
with the evaluation of the potential business transaction, and only for use in connection
therewith; and
(b)
advise its Representatives having access to the Confidential Information of the
proprietary nature thereof and of the obligations set forth in this Confidentiality
Agreement; and
(c)
take appropriate action by instruction or agreement with its Representatives having
access to the Confidential Information to fulfill its obligations under this Confidentiality
Agreement; and
(d)
safeguard all Confidential Information received by it using a reasonable degree of
care, but not less than that degree of care it uses in safeguarding its own similar information
or material; and
(e)
use all Confidential Information received by it solely for purposes of its Program and
for no other purpose whatsoever; and
(f)
except as may otherwise be provided above, not disclose any Confidential
Information received by it to third parties; and
(g)
except as may otherwise be provided above, not disclose the existence of this
Agreement with any third party.
Upon the request of CLAY, IFAS shall destroy or surrender to CLAY all PII pertaining to or
including the Confidential Information. Upon the destruction or return of such materials,
IFAS agrees to certify in writing that all of the foregoing materials have either been
destroyed or surrendered to CLAY. IFAS will not be obligated to erase Confidential
Information contained in an archived computer system backup made in accordance with
IFAS’s security and/or disaster recovery procedures, provided that such archived copy will
(i) eventually be erased or destroyed in the ordinary course of IFAS’s data processing
procedures and (ii) will remain fully subject to the obligations of confidentiality stated
herein.
3.
Exceptions to Confidentiality. The obligations of confidentiality and restriction on
use in paragraph 2 shall not apply to any Confidential Information that IFAS proves:
(a)
was in the public domain prior to the date of this Agreement or subsequently came
into the public domain through no fault of IFAS; or
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Confidentiality Agreement
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
(b)
was lawfully received by IFAS from a third party free of any obligation of confidence
to such third party; or
(c)
was already in the possession of IFAS prior to receipt thereof, directly or indirectly,
from CLAY; or
(d)
is required to be disclosed in a judicial or administrative proceeding after all
reasonable legal remedies for maintaining such information in confidence have been
exhausted, including, but not limited to, giving CLAY as much advance notice of the
possibility of such disclosure as practical so that CLAY may attempt to stop such disclosure
or obtain a protective order concerning such disclosure, unless such disclosure is prohibited
by applicable law; or
(e)
is subsequently and independently developed by employees, consultants or agents
of IFAS without reference to the Confidential Information disclosed under this Agreement.
4.
Rights in Confidential Information. Except as specifically provided for herein, this
Agreement does not confer any right, license, interest or title in, to or under the
Confidential Information to IFAS. Except as specifically provided for herein, no license is
hereby granted to IFAS, by estoppel or otherwise under any patent, trademark, copyright,
trade secret or other proprietary rights of CLAY. Title to the Confidential Information shall
remain solely in CLAY. CLAY makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy or
completeness of the Confidential Information.
5.
Term. This Agreement shall be in effect for a period of twenty (20) years. Both
parties agree that all their obligations undertaken herein with respect to the Confidential
Information received pursuant to this Agreement shall survive and continue after any
expiration or termination of this Agreement.
6.
Equitable Relief. The parties agree that money damages would not be a sufficient
remedy for breach of the confidentiality and other obligations of this Agreement.
Accordingly, in addition to all other remedies that each party may have, each party, as
applicable, shall be entitled to specific performance and injunctive or other equitable relief
as a remedy for any breach of the confidentiality and other obligations of this Agreement.
Each party agrees to waive any requirement for a bond in connection with any such
injunctive or other equitable relief.
7.
Governing Law. This Agreement and performance thereunder shall be governed by
the laws of the State of Florida, excluding its conflicts of laws rules. Venue for any legal
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Confidentiality Agreement
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
proceedings, litigation, arbitration or mediation shall be filed and conducted only in the
Circuit Courts of the Eighth Judicial Circuit in and for Alachua County, Florida.
8.
No Joint Venture. By providing the Confidential Information herein to IFAS, both
CLAY and IFAS acknowledge and agree that no joint venture or business enterprise has been
created between the parties and that CLAY is simply responding to a request for technical
information to be used for scientific and educational purposes for IFAS’s Program.
9.
Authority. Each party represents and warrants that: (i) the person signing this
Agreement has the full power and authority to enter into this Agreement; and (ii) this
Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of the party, enforceable against
the party in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof.
10.
Entire Agreement. This Agreement contains the entire understanding between the
parties regarding Confidential Information disclosed on or after the effective date hereof
and supersedes, merges, and replaces any and all prior contemporaneous verbal or written
communications and understandings with respect thereto. No modification of, or exception
to, this Agreement will be binding on any party hereto unless first agreed to in writing by
such party. Email exchanges between the parties, including emails that bear an electronic
signature block, do not constitute an amendment to the Agreement. Neither party may
assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other party.
11.
Miscellaneous. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each
of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the
same agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first
written above.
UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, INSTITUTE OF
CLAY ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC.
FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
By:____________________________________
Print Name:____ Bruce McHollan_______________
Title:_Director of Information and Communication Technology_
Date:_____________________________
38
Confidentiality Agreement
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
39
Sunshine Review
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
40
Sunshine Review
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
41
Sunshine Review
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
42
Sunshine Review
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
43
Sunshine Review
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
44
Sunshine Review
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
45
Sunshine Review
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Local Leveraging Document
*Sean McLendon—Alachua County’s Sustainability Program Manager—sent Angela Pate—
Executive Director at FloridaWorks—a letter (see enclosed) on 6/29/09 requesting the
address records of Welfare recipients.
On 7/10/09 Angela Pate forwarded via email the following response from James E.
Landsberg, Deputy General Counsel at the Agency for Workforce Innovation in Tallahassee,
Florida:
Under section 414.295, F.S., identifying information of a temporary cash assistance program
participant, a participant’s family, and a participant’s household member is confidential.
Address records are identifying information. However, the records may be released for
purposes directly connected with the “administration of any other state, federal, or
federally assisted program that provides assistance or services on the basis of need, in cash
or in kind, directly to a participant.” (s. 414.295(d), F.S.).
Since Alachua County would use the requested information in connection with the
administration of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) Program, I
believe that FloridaWorks can provide the information to the County. It is recommended
that FloridaWorks explain to the County that the information is only being provided for use
in accordance with section 414.295(d), F.S., and that the information must otherwise be
kept confidential. It is also recommended that the records be labeled as confidential and
not for further dissemination.
*Kathleen Pagan—AICP, Senior Planner in the Alachua County Growth Management
Department—advised ICBE to consult the U.S. Census databases for general low-income
information and statistics; and to pursue self-reporting avenues in order to gain access to
individual, social equity information since federal confidentiality constraints do not allow
ICBE to request and receive such records.
47
Local Leveraging
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
49
Information Request Letter
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 1 – Task 3: Selection Methodology
Intent: In order to address this task a decision matrix for
participant selection has been included that takes into
consideration household energy use, ownership status, and
socioeconomic status. A sample of possible participants has
been created using currently available data. This data includes
current data from the Alachua County Property Appraisers
office that is used to determine home ownership via
Homestead Exemption status or match with utility customer
name. Gainesville Regional Utilities customer consumption
data from calendar year 2006 is used to indicate total annual
energy use.
*This task cannot be fully completed due to unavailable or
incomplete data. Using the tools provided under tasks 1 & 2
the 10,000 Initiative should be able to acquire the data sets
needed to fully utilize the decision matrix provided for this
task.
Under Goal 1 Task 3 there are 3 deliverables:
1. Participant Selection Matrix
The decision flow diagram provides general, at-a-glance access to the overall
decision flow for participant selection for the Initiative. The selection process as shown
in the matrix represents the most viable method for identifying Alachua County
residents who would benefit by being part of a county wide energy efficiency retrofit
program.
Initially, homes are selected based on energy use. Choosing homes with high energy
intensity, or energy per square foot, is the best method for identifying households that
are energy cost burdened. In addition, selecting homes that are use 25% more than
similar homes ensures that they can achieve energy savings that substantially outweigh
retrofit costs. Homes are tagged as owner or renter occupied so that we can properly
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Goal 1 – Task 3: Selection Methodology
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
address loan repayment issues. In keeping with Alachua County’s poverty reduction
goals, households will be tagged if they participate in social programs as these families
may qualify for preferential or additional assistance. With these few simple steps we can
help guarantee that program implementation will achieve program goals of green house
gas and poverty reductions.
This is a generalized flow and may change based on additional data sources, funding,
funding sources and any mandates attached to said sources. This document must be
upgraded to reflect access or limitations of data sources, funding sources, etc. as the
program progresses.
2. Participant Selection Sample
The sample participant selection includes was created from the data currently
available and reflects only a portion of the target area for the full 10,000 Home
Initiative. This was created to clarify the potential for the selection process laid out
previously. Household energy consumption data used in the selection is limited in scope
and accuracy. This selection may be helpful for identifying areas of Gainesville that are
appropriate targets for the 10,000 Home Initiative. Homes in the selection have taken
advantage of State Housing Initiative Partnership (SHIP) Program and exhibited higher
than normal energy use in 2006.
3. Program Flow
The program flow diagram provides comprehensive and stratified at-a-glance access
to the entire process of the Initiative. Since this is a detailed flow for the entire project
and has many components, it will have to be updated as the project evolves. This
document can be used to identify key areas for program development and
implementation.
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Goal 1 – Task 3: Selection Methodology
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Participant Selection Matrix
53
Sample Participant Selection
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Participant Selection
55
Sample Participant Selection
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Program Flow Diagram
57
Program Flow
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
58
Program Flow
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
59
Program Flow
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 2
Intent: To identify generally accepted and readily applicable
terms and definitions to facilitate discussion, decision-making,
and project implementation.
Under Goal 2 there are 3 main tasks:
1. Identify relevant energy related terms and generally accepted definitions for these
terms.
In order to address this task a list of definitions has been created using the most
authoritative national, state, and local sources. In addition, a definition worksheet has
been included as an item used to generated discussion and collaboration among 10,000
Home Initiative stakeholders.
2. Identify the most commonly accepted metrics used to define energy use and
socioeconomic status.
In order to address this task a list of terms and associated metrics as well as a social
equity definitions page have been created to serve as a starting point for program
development.
3. Identify sources for educational materials that are available for participant training
and reference.
In order to address this task a list of documents that provide the most current,
relevant, and appropriate information for use by households seeking to reduce their
energy consumption has been included. *Due to space limitations only a sample of the
referenced
documents
has
been
included
in
this
package.
61
Goal 2 Summary
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 2 – Task 1: Related Terms
Intent: In order to address this task a list of definitions has been
created using the most authoritative national, state, and local
sources. In addition, a definition worksheet has been included
which was used to generate discussion and collaboration
among 10,000 Home Initiative stakeholders.
Under Goal 2 Task 1 there are 2 deliverables:
1. Definitions (Appendix A)
This exhaustive, alphabetical list of energy-related definitions (which also indicates
defining agencies) is necessary to standardize language for discussion and planning of
the Initiative. It also allows one to see differences between definitions between
agencies and to understand variations colleagues may be using. This document should
be used as reference material and should be updated to reflect the preferred definitions
in instances where conflicting information is given by multiple sources.
2. Stakeholder Definition Worksheet
This is a worksheet sent out via email to Initiative stakeholders and also presented at
at least two stakeholder meetings in order to generate discussion and collaboration and
to standardize language among stakeholders. This document is designed as a facilitating
tool.
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Goal 2 – Task 1: Related Terms
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Stakeholder Definition Worksheet
From the 10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative Declaration of Intent:
“…[The] goal is to provide low-cost weatherization and energy efficiency upgrades to at least
10,000 homes within the Alachua County area over the next five years. The program focus will
be on weatherizing low-income housing, alleviating poverty and enhancing social equity. Home
occupants or owners will not pay for this service. Homes will be weatherized to reduce energy
consumption by up to a third and will include education and awareness training for the occupant
for low cost improvements. This work can be accomplished at little to no cost to the Initiative
with an average cost estimated to be around $2,750 per home.”
The following three definitions are deemed to be most in need of standardization due to their
ubiquity and variation between organizations. Below each word is its federal definition as it has
been tailored to the mission of the 10,000 Homes Weatherization Initiative. Please provide in
the blank space your organization’s particular definition for each word. This will help to
establish a common vocabulary for successful communication concerning this project and will
be discussed at the 7/16 meeting. Thank you.
1). Audit
The process of identifying energy conservation opportunities in existing homes, especially of lowincome ownership.
2). Energy-Efficiency
Term used to describe how efficiently an existing home uses energy, a quantity of heat or work.
3). Low-Cost Weatherization
The process of improving the energy-efficiency of existing homes via the most cost-effective and
energy-impacting measures, especially those homes of low-income ownership.
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Stakeholder Definition Worksheet
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 2 – Task 2: Associated Metrics
Intent: In order to address this task a list of terms and
associated metrics has been created to serve as a starting
point for program development.
Under Goal 2 Task 2 there are 2 deliverables:
1. Associated Metrics List
This document was created to highlight what were found to be the seven most
essential terms to the discussion and planning of the Initiative. It was distributed to all
stakeholders at several meetings as well as put online.
2. Social Equity Definitions
It was decided that a glossary of social equity definitions was necessary to
standardize language for discussion and planning of the Initiative. Definitions are from
the most authoritative sources available, and mostly this means the federal
government.
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Goal 2 – Task 2: Associated Metrics
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Associated Metrics List
BECP: The Department of Energy's Building Energy Codes Program
http://www.energycodes.gov/
CT: The Carbon Trust, UK
http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/default.ct
DOE: Department of Energy
www.doe.gov
ICBE: International Carbon Bank and Exchange
http://www.icbe.com/0.asp
NAPA: National Academy of Public Administration
http://www.napawash.org/aa_social_equity/index.html
PREC: Program for Resource Efficient Communities
http://buildgreen.ufl.edu/
WAPTAC: Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Assistance Center
http://www.waptac.org/sp.asp?mc=what_glossary
Baseline Energy Use (ICBE)
The average energy use measured by kilowatt hour per square foot of conditioned interior
space of a particular type of home in a particular climate region.
Building Envelope (BECP)
The elements of a building that separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or that
enclose semi-heated spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from
the exterior, unconditioned spaces, or conditioned spaces.
Carbon Footprint (CT)
The total set of GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions caused directly and indirectly by an individual,
organization, event or product. (UK Carbon Trust 2008)
Carbon Offset (ICBE)
A reduction in greenhouse gas emissions; typically explained as an increase in one sector that is
compensated for by a decrease in another.
GHGS/Greenhouse Gasses (DOE)
Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (shortwave) radiation but opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation, thus preventing long-wave
radiant energy from leaving Earth's atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed
radiation and a tendency to warm the planet's surface.
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Associated Metrics List
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
House (PREC)
The official criteria for the "typical" Alachua county single family detached home are as follows:











3 Bedroom
2 Bath
Built in 1970
1 Story
1760sf of conditioned floor area
2335sf of total living space
Central A/C
Natural Gas Furnace
Concrete Block
Slab on Grade Foundation
Asphalt Shingle Roof
Low-Income (WAPTAC)
2009 Poverty Income Guidelines and Definition of Income
INCOME LEVELS
Size of Family Unit
Threshold
200%
1
$10,830
$21,660
2
$14,570
$29,140
3
$18,310
$36,620
4
$22,050
$44,100
5
$25,790
$51,580
6
$29,530
$59,060
7
$33,270
$66,540
8
$37,010
$74,020
Each additional member add
$3,740
$7,480
Social Equity (NAPA)
The fair, just and equitable management of all institutions serving the public directly or by
contract; the fair, just and equitable distribution of public services and implementation of
public policy; and the commitment to promote fairness, justice, and equity in the formation
of public policy.
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Associated Metrics List
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Social Equity Definitions
Earnings
Earnings is defined as the algebraic sum of wage or salary income and net income from selfemployment. Earnings represent the amount of income received regularly before
deductions for personal income taxes, Social Security, bond purchases, union dues,
Medicare deductions, etc.
Related term: Income
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_e.html#earnings
Employed
Employed includes all civilians 16 years old and over who were either (1) "at work" -- those
who did any work at all during the reference week as paid employees, worked in their own
business or profession, worked on their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid
workers on a family farm or in a family business; or (2) were "with a job but not at work" -those who did not work during the reference week but had jobs or businesses from which
they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, industrial dispute, vacation, or
other personal reasons. Excluded from the employed are people whose only activity
consisted of work around the house or unpaid volunteer work for religious, charitable, and
similar organizations; also excluded are people on active duty in the United States Armed
Forces. The reference week is the calendar week preceding the date on which the
respondents completed their questionnaires or were interviewed. This week may not be the
same for all respondents.
Related terms: Labor force, Unemployed, Worker
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_e.html#earnings
Homeowner Vacancy Rate
The homeowner vacancy rate is the proportion of the homeowner housing inventory which
is vacant for sale. It is computed by dividing the number of vacant units for sale only by the
sum of owner-occupied units and vacant units that are for sale only, and then multiplying by
100.
Related terms: Owner-occupied housing unit, Rental vacancy rate
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_h.html
Housing Unit
A house, an apartment, a mobile home or trailer, a group of rooms, or a single room
occupied as separate living quarters, or if vacant, intended for occupancy as separate living
quarters. Separate living quarters are those in which the occupants live separately from any
other individuals in the building and which have direct access from outside the building or
through a common hall. For vacant units, the criteria of separateness and direct access are
applied to the intended occupants whenever possible.
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_h.html
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Social Equity Definitions
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Income
"Total income" is the sum of the amounts reported separately for wages, salary,
commissions, bonuses, or tips; self-employment income from own nonfarm or farm
businesses, including proprietorships and partnerships; interest, dividends, net rental
income, royalty income, or income from estates and trusts; Social Security or Railroad
Retirement income; Supplemental Security Income (SSI); any public assistance or welfare
payments from the state or local welfare office; retirement, survivor, or disability pensions;
and any other sources of income received regularly such as Veterans' (VA) payments,
unemployment compensation, child support, or alimony.
Related term: Earnings
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_i.html#income
Poverty
Following the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB's) Directive 14, the Census Bureau
uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to detect
who is poor. If the total income for a family or unrelated individual falls below the relevant
poverty threshold, then the family or unrelated individual is classified as being "below the
poverty level."
Related term: Income
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_p.html
Poverty Guidelines
United States Department of Health and Human Services
The 2009 Poverty Guidelines for the
48 Contiguous States and the District of Columbia
Persons in family
Poverty guideline
1
$10,830
2
14,570
3
18,310
4
22,050
5
25,790
6
29,530
7
33,270
8
37,010
For families with more than 8 persons, add $3,740 for each additional person.
http://aspe.hhs.gov/POVERTY/09poverty.shtml
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Social Equity Definitions
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Low-Income (WAPTAC)
2009 Poverty Income Guidelines and Definition of Income
INCOME LEVELS
Size of Family Unit
Threshold 200%
1
$10,830
$21,660
2
$14,570
$29,140
3
$18,310
$36,620
4
$22,050
$44,100
5
$25,790
$51,580
6
$29,530
$59,060
7
$33,270
$66,540
8
$37,010
$74,020
Each additional member add
$3,740
$7,480
http://www.waptac.org/si.asp?id=1318
Selected Monthly Owner Costs
In Census 2000 the selected monthly owner costs are calculated from the sum of payment for
mortgages, real estate taxes, various insurances, utilities, fuels, mobile home costs, and
condominium fees. Listing the items separately improves accuracy and provides additional
detail. When combined with income, a new item is created - Selected Monthly Owner Costs
as a Percentage of Household Income. This item is used to measure housing affordability
and excessive shelter costs. For example, many government agencies define excessive as
costs that exceed 30 percent of household income.
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_s.html
Social Equity
“The fair, just and equitable management of all institutions serving the public directly or by
contract; the fair, just and equitable distribution of public services and implementation of
public policy; and the commitment to promote fairness, justice, and equity in the
formation of public policy.”
http://www.napawash.org/aa_social_equity/index.html
Unemployed
All civilians 16 years old and over are classified as unemployed if they (1) were neither "at
work" nor "with a job but not at work" during the reference week, and (2) were actively
looking for work during the last 4 weeks, and (3) were available to accept a job. Also
included as unemployed are civilians who did not work at all during the reference week,
were waiting to be called back to a job from which they had been laid off, and were
available for work except for temporary illness.
Related terms: Employed, Labor Force
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_u.html#unemployed
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Social Equity Definitions
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Vacant Housing Unit
A housing unit is vacant if no one is living in it at the time of enumeration, unless its
occupants are only temporarily absent. Units temporarily occupied at the time of
enumeration entirely by people who have a usual residence elsewhere are also classified as
vacant.
Related terms: Housing unit, Usual residence elsewhere, Occupied housing unit
http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_v.html
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Social Equity Definitions
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 2 – Task 3: Educational Materials
Intent: In order to address this task a list of documents that
provide the most current, relevant, and appropriate
information for use by households seeking to reduce their
energy consumption has been included. *Due to space
limitations only a sample of the referenced documents has
been included in this package.
Under Goal 2 Task 3 there are 2 deliverables:
1. Utility Summary
This document provides basic demand side program, education outreach and
contact information for all utility providers in Alachua County. It also shows how many
customers each utility services in the County.
This data is subject to change over the course of implementation of the 10,000
Home Initiative and will need to be streamlined to create homeowner training
documents of proper scope and content. It is designed as a reference material and
provides contact information for potential collaborators for the Initiative and for
general, energy education.
2. Participant Education Information (Appendix B)
The University of Florida’s IFAS Extension Service houses and disseminates the most
accurate and relevant information for Florida residents. In particular, the Energy
Efficient Homes series of EDIS documents can serve as a starting point for creating
participant training documents tailored for the 10,000 Home Initiative. See Appendix B
for excerpts from this document series.
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Goal 2 – Task 3: Educational Materials
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Alachua County Utility Provider Summary of Demand
Side Management Programs
Central Florida Electric Co-op:
Online Resources:
http://www.cfec.com/
Energy Conservation Tips
Residential Appliance Calculator
Residential Savings Programs and Rebates:
Home Energy Audit
Rebates:
None currently but hope to implement some within the year.
Magazine:
Monthly publication which always highlights energy savings tips and timely
maintenance, e.g. A/C unit service prior to summer months.
Billing Stuffers:
Will include these when necessary to advertise new programs, e.g.
Rebate programs.
Demand Side Management Contact:
A.D. Goodman
800.227.1302x233
Serving about 100 customers outside of Newberry in Alachua County.
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Utility Summary
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
City of Alachua:
Online Resources:
http://www.cityofalachua.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={A1C71AD8-781E-4FDF98D6-93D849880048}
Will have online account options in next several weeks
Interested in my suggestion of putting energy savings tips on
improved website
Billing Stuffers:
Occasional pamphlets
Residential Savings Programs & Rebates:
GRU used to go out and do Home Energy Audits for ~$25 but
discontinued
Demand Side Management Contact:
Charmagne Manning
386.418.6100x132
Serving 4,227 total customers and 3,497 residential.
City of Newberry:
Online Resources:
http://www.cityofnewberryfl.com/city_departments/public_works_utilities.html
Energy Audit
Billing Stuffers:
Bi-Monthly
Energy Conservation Workshop:
Advertised at bottom of bill
Advertised on Public Access Channel
Free
Demand Side Management Contact:
Blaine Suggs
352.472.1537
Blaine.Suggs@ci.newberry.fl.us
Serving 1,100 total customers and 891 residential.
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Utility Summary
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Clay Electric Co-op:
Online Resources:
http://clayelectric.com/nrgtips.aspx
Summer Energy Tips
Winter Energy Tips
Energy Efficiency of Household Appliances
A Guide to Replacing Heat Pumps and A/C Units
How to Budge Electricity/Read a Meter
Water Heating
Touchstone Energy Savers Website:
https://touchstoneenergy.cooperative.com/public/index.html
Residential Savings Programs and Rebates:
Energy Smart Rebate Program:
Rebates for ceiling insulation and installation of high
efficiency heat pumps and solar water heating systems.
Energy Walk-Through Surveys
Energy Loan Program:
Low-interest loans to help finance energy efficiency
improvements, up to $7,500.
Newsletters:
“Kilowatt”:
Bi-Monthly newsletter that highlights energy-savings
material.
“Power Line”:
Monthly newsletter included with bill and available online
and through customers’ online account.
Demand Side Management Contact:
Henry Barrow, Director of Member & Public Relations
473.4917x8266
Has 165,000 member-owners over 14 counties.
Serving ~20,000 total customers in Alachua County.
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Utility Summary
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Florida Power and Light:
Online Resources:
http://www.fpl.com/residential/electric/highbill.shtml
Fuel and Your Bill
Common Causes of High Bills/FPL Budget Billing®
Interactive House
Top 10 Tips to Save Energy
On Call®
Program to Voluntarily Turn off Certain Equipment
Energy-Savings Programs and Rebates
Online Home Energy Survey
Online Energy Store
Appliance Energy Savings
Tips for Seasonal Residents
Residential Savings Programs and Rebates:
http://www.fpl.com/residential/savings/index.shtml
A/C Buying Program
Ceiling Insulation Program (Incentive Payment to Install New Insulation)
Duct System Test & Repair
BuildSmart® (New Home Construction)
Energy Savings Toolkit
Energy Efficiency Contractors List
Photovoltaic Systems Help
Newsletter:
“Energy News”:
Billing Insert/Online in Customer Account
Online Account Tailoring Option:
Allows customization of account informational fields, e.g. so more energy saving tips
appear.
Demand Side Management Contact:
Brad Goar, DSM Program Manager
9250 West Flagler Street PMO/GO
Miami, FL 33174
561.339.6721
Serving 971 residential customers in Alachua County.
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Utility Summary
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Gainesville Regional Utilities (GRU):
Online Resources:
www.gru.com
Energy Savings Tips: Seasonally and Year-Round
Create Your Energy Profile
Appliance Calculator
Appliance Comparison
Energy Information Library
Contact an Advisor
Residential Savings Programs and Rebates:
*Consult website for current programs as funding for some is not currently available.
http://www.gru.com/YourHome/Conservation/Energy/Rebates/rebatesIntro.jsp
Electric Rebate Program
Natural Gas Rebate Program
Solar Incentive Program
Water Rebate Program
Energy and Water Survey
http://www.gru.com/YourHome/Conservation/conservationSurveys.jsp
Newsletter:
Monthly and also available online:
http://www.gru.com/AboutGRU/customerNewsletter.jsp
Demand Side Management Contact:
Andrea Santos
352.334.2677
Serving ~90,000 retail and wholesale customers in Alachua County.
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Utility Summary
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Progress Energy:
Online Resources:
http://www.progress-energy.com/custservice/flares/index.asp
Online Home Energy Check
Home Energy Appliance Calculator
Lower My Bill Toolkit
Savethewatts.com
Energy Saving Tips
Residential Savings Programs and Rebates:
Mail-In Home Energy Check
Phone Assisted Home Energy Check
Walk-Through Home Energy Check
Solar Water Heater Rebate
EnergyWise:
Energy credit program through installation of A/C and heat governor active during
consumption hours.
Connecting Renewable Sources
Energy Efficient Construction Programs
Newsletter:
Emails: Customers sign-up to listserv.
E-Coupons: To encourage those who have had energy audits to make
improvements.
Twitter: EnergyAdvisors
Monthly Newsletter in Paper Bill & Paperless Bill
Add Energy Tips to Association Newsletters
Demand Side Management Contact:
Bill Simpson - Senior Energy Delivery Technical Project Manager
800.700.8744x2304431
Bill.Simpson@pgnmail.com
Serving 4,800 total customers and 3,900 residential in Alachua County.
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Utility Summary
peak
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 3
Intent: Design a conceptual work-flow for a community scale
retrofit project that will serve as a framework for program
development.
Under Goal 3 there are 2 main tasks:
1. Identify organizations and agencies that are part of the 10,000 Homes Initiative and
give a brief synopsis of how they may participate in program implementation.
In order to address this task a chart was created to display 10,000 Homes Initiative
stakeholders, their organizational scope, and their potential for participating in tasks
related to program implementation.
*Note that only 10,000 Homes Initiative stakeholders were included in this analysis.
In order to engage the true economic potential of a community scale home retrofit
program private sector contractors would have to be sought out.
2. Create a conceptual participant perspective work-flow.
In order to address this task a diagram was created to illustrate the conceptual
work-flow for the entire project. In addition, a diagram was created to illustrate how a
program participant would be serviced as a part of the 10,000 Homes Initiative and the
timeline
on
which
project
milestones
may
be
completed.
83
Goal 3 Summary
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 3 – Task 1: Initiative Stakeholders
Intent: In order to address this task a chart was created to
display 10,000 Homes Initiative stakeholders, their
organizational scope, and their potential for participating in
tasks related to program implementation.
*Note that only 10,000 Homes Initiative stakeholders were
included in this analysis. In order to engage the true economic
potential of a community-scale home retrofit program, private
sector contractors would have to be sought out.
Under Goal 3 Task 1 there is 1 deliverable:
1. Stakeholder Primary Function List
This document provides at-a-glance access to stakeholder information and potential
contribution to the Initiative. It would have to be updated to reflect any changes in
stakeholder information. This document is a designed as a reference for Initiative
planning
and
continuing
contact.
85
Goal 3 – Task 1: Initiative Stakeholders
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Stakeholder Primary Function List
Stakeholder
Organization Scope
ACTION Network
Work with local church
congregations to address housing
needs of less fortunate
Alachua County:
Building
Inspector,
Growth
Management,
Poverty
Reduction
The Department of Growth
Management is responsible for long
term Planning and for Development
Services within the unincorporated
area of the county. Through its six
Divisions: Building, Comprehensive
Planning, Development Services, GIS,
Housing and Zoning, the Department
prepares, updates and implements
the county's Comprehensive Plan, its
Housing Programs and its Economic
Development, while ensuring
adherence to Building Codes and to
Land Development Regulations.
Campus Climate
Solutions
Central Florida
Community
Action Agency
87
Provide Gainesville residents with
comprehensive training in GHG
auditing, accounting and
management that is both affordable
and practical. We are pleased to
announce our inaugural
course, An Introduction to GHG
Accounting and Management, which
will begin March 2009.
Private, nonprofit, community-based
organization whose purpose is to
reduce poverty and help low-income
individuals become self-sufficient in
Alachua, Levy, and Marion Counties.
Among its programs, CFCAA provides
a variety of repairs to weatherize
area homes to improve
their energy efficiency. CFCAA is part
of a nationwide network of
organizations serving the low income
community.
Stakeholder Function List
Organization Contact
http://www.action-network.org/
Nicholas Haskell
Christina Anderberg
352.379.7822
Potential
Role
Help distribute
program
information to
potential
participants
Growth Management
352.374.5249
Kathleen Pagan
Senior Environmental Planner
Alachua County Environmental Protection
Department
201 SE 2nd Avenue, Suite 201
Gainesville, FL 32606
Emial:kpagan@alachuacounty.us
(352) 264-6811
Provide data that
will be used to
target potential
program
participants
John Skelly
Director
Alachua County Poverty Reduction
352) 264-6749
321.298.0059
http://www.campusclimatesolutions.org/
Alison Erlenbach
alison@campusclimatesolution.org
N/A
2606 NW 6th Street
Gainesville, FL 32609
352.373.7667
http://www.cfcaa.org/
Robert Wilford
rwilford@cfcaa.org
352.378.5892x208
Provide
information
about successful
program
elements to assist
in setup and
problem solving.
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Community
Weatherization
Coalition
The Community
Weatherization Coalition
Audit Program completes energy
audits for income eligible
homeowners and
puts into place some of the measures
that can
help to save energy at the house. The
CWC also trains energy auditors who
works as volunteers in their
program.
Drops and Watts
Drops & Watts (D&W) is a locallyowned and operated business
offering energy and water efficiency
services in Gainesville and the
surrounding area.
Earth
Givers/Neutral
Gator
Help people create more sustainable
lifestyles by reducing CO2 emission
through energy conservation,
alternative energy development and
carbon sequestration projects.
FloridaWorks
Connect Alachua and Bradford
county citizens with employers.
Gainesville Area
Chamber of
Commerce
Serve as the ‘Voice of Business’ by
advocating for local business in the
areas of government, work force,
social issues, education,
infrastructure and information that
enhances economic prosperity.
88
Stakeholder Function List
Wendell A Porter
waporter@ufl.edu
352.392.1864x105
Rachael Neats
Office of Rebuilding Together NCF:
4550 SW 41st Boulevard-Suite 2
Gainesville, FL 32608
Phone: (352)450-2100
9200 NW 39th Ave
Suite 130-142
Gainesville, Florida 32606
352.562.4510
http://dropsandwatts.com/
Jason Christopher Fults
jason@ufl.edu
352.318.0060
Eduardo Vargas
eduardo@dropsandwatts.com
408 West University Avenue, Suite 107
Gainesville, FL 32601
Earthgivers.org@gmail.com
http://www.earthgivers.org/index.asp
Jacob Cravey
jacob@neutralgator.org
904.705.9925
4800 SW 13th Street
Gainesville, FL 32608
352.955.2245
http://www.floridaworksonline.com/
Angela Pate
apate@floridaworksonline.com
352.246.4702
S. Widdon
swiddon@floridaworksonline.org
300 East University Avenue, Suite 100
Gainesville, FL 32601
352.334.7100
http://www.gainesvillechamber.com/
Edward Blue
ed@gainesvillechamber.com
352.334.7105x307
Help to establish
audit protocol
that best fits
program scope,
train auditors,
perform audits
Audit homes/
Make repairs,
provide
information
about successful
program
elements.
Provide
information
about successful
program
elements
Assessment of
potential for
private industry
to participate in
large scale
weatherization
efforts.
N/A
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Gainesville
Regional Utilities





International
Carbon Bank and
Exchange
League of
Women Voters
PateGroup, LLC
89
GRU is a multi-service utility owned
by the City of Gainesville and is the
5th largest municipal electric utility
in Florida. Combined service
offerings make them the most
comprehensive utility service
provider in the state. They serve
approximately 90,000 retail and
wholesale customers in Gainesville
and surrounding areas, offering:
Electric
Natural gas
Water
Wastewater
Telecommunications services
The ICBE is a service provider in the
greenhouse space, with experience
in IT, academia, consulting,
verification, certification, project
development, buying and selling of
tons since its inception in February
of 1998.
The ICBE also assist clients with
organizing their emissions
information, after which the
information can be used for
reporting purposes. Verified
reductions may also be banked,
retired, or made available to
consumers under the name
ClimateSafe and to industry at the
CarbonExchange.
The League of Women Voters, a
nonpartisan political organization,
encourages the informed and active
participation of citizens in
government, works to increase
understanding of major public policy
issues, and influences public policy
through education and advocacy.
Consulting firm specializing in
software development, project
development, industry expertise,
and marketing technologies.
Stakeholder Function List
P.O. Box 147051 Station A110
Gainesville, FL 32601-7051
http://www.gru.com/
Thomas R
thomasr@gru.com
Penny Wheat
penny@gru.net
408 West University Avenue, Suite 107
Gainesville, FL 32601
352.367.1144
http://icbe.com/0.asp
Doug Klepper
doug@icbe.com
Mark van Soestbergen
mark@icbe.com
P.O. Box 15285
Gainesville, FL 32604-5285
352.375-6960
http://www.lwv-alachua.org/
Jerry Kidder
gkidder@cox.net
352.378.0562
20 West University Avenue
Gainesville, FL 32601
877.765.1427
http://pategroup.com/
M Pate
mpate@pategroup.com
Provide data for
participant
selection and
program
monitoring, assist
with audits,
provide materials
for
weatherization,
provide
homeowner
training
documents, etc
Legitimize,
bundle, and
market carbon
emission
reductions that
can be used as
supplementary
program funding.
N/A
N/A
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Program for
Resource
Efficient
Communities,
IFAS
Promote the adoption of best design,
construction, and management
practices in new residential
community developments that
measurably reduce energy, water
consumption and environmental
degradation.
Rebuild North
Florida
Preserve affordable homeownership
for low-income residents by
effectively addressing critical home
repair needs while connecting
communities and offering
transforming experiences for
volunteers and homeowners alike.
Santa Fe College
Santa Fe College is a state college
located in Gainesville, Florida, and is
a member institution of the Florida
College System. Santa Fe is
accredited by the Florida
Department of Education and the
Southern Association of Colleges and
Schools. Located in North Central
Florida, its main campus is in
Gainesville, Florida. More than 50
Technology and Applied Sciences
programs are accredited in their
respective fields.
Sustainable
Alachua County
Sustainable Alachua County (SAC) is a
501(c)(3) non-profit dedicated to
organizing education and action to
promote a deeper, healthier, more
resilient community in Alachua
County.
90
Stakeholder Function List
University of Florida
2610 SW 23rd Terrace, Bldg. 242
Gainesville, FL 32608
352.392.5684
http://buildgreen.ufl.edu/default.htm
http://www.rebuildgainesville.org/
Melisa Miller
Miller@rebuiltogetherncf.org
3000 NW 83rd Street
Gainesville, FL 32606
352.395-5000
http://www.sfcollege.edu/
Julie Garrett
julie.garrett@sfcc.edu
352.395.5430
Dug Jones
dug.jones@sfcollege.edu
P.O. Box 2772
Gainesville, FL 32602-2772
http://sustainac.org/
Thomas Ruppert
ruppert@law.ufl.edu
352.273.0835
Michael Amish
mike@indigogreenstore.com
Assist in program
design including
financing,
participant
identification,
project scope,
etc.
Assist with
weatherization of
homes,
budgeting for
repairs, and
provide
information
about successful
program
elements.
Train auditing
and construction
professionals that
may participate
as part of private
industry
workforce.
N/A
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Goal 3 – Task 2: Conceptual Work Flow
Intent: In order to address this task a diagram was created to
illustrate the conceptual work-flow for the entire project and
the potential timeline on which project milestones may be
completed. In addition, a diagram was created to illustrate
how a program participant would be serviced as a part of the
10,000 Homes Initiative.
Under Goal 3 Task 2 there are 2 deliverables:
1. Project Conceptual Work Flow with Potential Timeline
This diagram shows the six basic stages of the Initiative per participant with respect
to potential time for completion. Some changes may have to be made as a result of
changes in funding, stakeholders, etc. This document is designed as a reference tool.
2. Program from a Participant Perspective
This diagram shows the eight stages of the Initiative from a participant’s perspective.
Some changes may have to be made as a result of any changes in funding, stakeholders,
etc.
This
document
is
designed
as
a
reference
tool.
91
Goal 3 – Task 2: Conceptual Work Flow
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Program Work Flow
93
Conceptual Work Flow & Timeline
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Program from Participant Perspective
95
Participant Perspective
10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Appendix A
Definitions
To identify the origin of each definition and keep the integrity of the list alphabetical by term,
the acronym of the department of origin has been provided next to each term unless
obvious.
Acronyms:
DOE: Department of Energy
www.doe.gov
Definitions Applicable to Distributed Generation
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/definitions_app_distgen.pdf
EERE: Department of Energy’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Site
http://www.eere.energy.gov/
BECP: The Department of Energy's Building Energy Codes Program
http://www.energycodes.gov/
ES: ENERGY STAR®
http://www.energystar.gov/
WAPTAC: Weatherization Assistance Program Technical Assistance
Center
http://www.waptac.org/sp.asp?mc=what_glossary
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AAMA (BECP)
Architectural Aluminum Manufacturers Association.
Above-Grade Wall (BECP)
A wall that is not a below-grade wall.
Above-Grade Walls (BECP)
Those walls (Section 802.2.1) on the exterior of the building and completely above grade or the
above-grade portion of a basement or first-story wall that is more than 15 percent above grade.
Absolute Humidity (WAPTAC)
Air moisture content expressed in grains (or pounds) of water vapor per pound of dry air.
Absorptance (WAPTAC)
The ratio of a solar energy absorbed to incident solar. Also called absorbtivity.
Absorption (WAPTAC)
A solid material's ability to draw in and hold liquid or gas.
Absorption Chiller (EERE)
A refrigeration machine using heat as the power input to generate chilled water.
AC (BECP)
Alternate current.
Accent Lighting (WAPTAC)
Accent lighting illuminates walls, reduces brightness and contrast between walls and ceilings or
windows.
ACH (BECP)
Air changes per hour.
Addition (BECP)
An extension or increase in the height, conditioned floor area, or conditioned volume of a building.
The code applies to additions to existing buildings.
Adjustable Speed Drive (EERE)
A means of changing the speed of a motor in a step-less manner. In the case of an AC motor,
this is accomplished by varying the frequency.
Adopting Authority (BECP)
The agency or agent that adopts a code or standard.
Adsorption (WAPTAC)
Adhesion of a thin layer of molecules to a surface they contact.
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10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Aerator (EERE)
A device installed in a faucet or showerhead that adds air to the water flow, thereby maintaining
an effective water spray while reducing overall water consumption.
AFUE (BECP)
Annual fuel utilization efficiency; combustion heating equipment efficiency is expressed in terms of
AFUE. New equipment typically ranges from about 78- to 96-percent AFUE. Higher AFUE ratings
indicate more efficient equipment.
AHAM (BECP)
Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers.
AHRI (BECP)
Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute.
Air Barrier (WAPTAC)
Any part of the building shell that offers resistance to air leakage. The air barrier is effective if it
stops most air leakage. The primary air barrier is the most effective of a series of air barriers.
Air Changes (EERE)
Replacement of the total volume of air in a room over a period of time (e.g., 6 air changes per
hour).
Air Changes per Hour at 50 Pascals (WAPTC)
The number of times the volume of air in a structure will change in one hour at the induced blower
door house pressure of 50 pascals.
Air Economizer (BECP)
A duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that together allow a cooling system
to supply outside air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold
weather.
Air Economizer Systems (BECP)
Ducting arrangements and automatic control systems that allow a cooling supply fan system to
supply outdoor (outside) air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration during
mild or cold weather.
Air Exchange (WAPTAC)
The total building air exchanged with the outdoors through air leakage and ventilation.
Air Handler (WAPTAC)
A steel cabinet containing a blower with cooling and/or heating coils connected to ducts that
transports indoor air to and from the air handler.
Air Infiltration Barrier (WAPTAC)
A woven plastic sheet that stops almost all air traveling through a building cavity, while allowing
moisture to pass through the cavity.
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10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Air Sealing (WAPTAC)
Also known as "house doctoring," air sealing is a systematic approach to "tightening" a dwelling
unit's heated envelope (building shell) to reduce uncontrolled heat loss through air leakage points
present in the shell. The prevalent technique is to perform this tightening from the interior of the
home. Trained workers seal the air leakage points using a variety of materials, such as insulation,
caulk, foam, vapor barriers, and weather-strip. Air leakage identification is usually aided by using
diagnostic equipment like blower doors and infrared scanners, since many leakage point are not
obvious to the naked eye. Part of the air sealing protocol includes testing to ensure that the building
envelope is not sealed too tightly. Over-tightening can result in health and safety problems for the
occupants, including back drafting of combustion equipment (furnaces, hot water heaters) and
moisture condensation causing mold and mildew on surfaces.
Alteration (BECP)
Any construction, renovation, or change in a mechanical system that involves an extension, addition,
or change to the arrangement, type, or purpose of the original installation.
Ambient Lighting (WAPTAC)
Lighting spread throughout the lighted space for safety, security, and aesthetics.
Ambient Temperature (EERE)
The temperature of the air surrounding an object.
Ampere (DOE)
The unit of measurement of electrical current produced in a circuit by 1 volt acting through a
resistance of 1 ohm.
Ampere (WAPTAC)
A unit of measure for the flow of electric current
Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) (WAPTAC)
A laboratory-derived efficiency for heating appliances that accounts for chimney losses, jacket
losses, and cycling losses, but not distribution losses or fan/pump energy.
Annual Return (WAPTAC)
The yearly savings divided by the initial cost needed to achieve the savings, expressed as a percent.
ANSI (BECP)
American National Standards Institute.
Application Part-Load Value (APLV) (BECP)
A single number part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated in accordance with the method
described in ARI Standard 550 or 590 referenced with the method rating conditions described in
those standards.
Aquastat (WAPTAC)
A heating control device that controls the burner or the circulator in a hydronic heating system
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10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
Asbestos (WAPTAC)
A material made of sharp mineral fibers that damage lung and other bodily tissues.
ASHRAE (BECP)
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
ASHRAE (WAPTAC)
American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers
ASHRAE/IES (BECP)
The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers/Illuminating
Engineering Society Standard.
ASME (BECP)
American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Asset (DOE)
An economic resource, tangible or intangible, which is expected to provide benefits to a
business.
ASTM (BECP)
American Society for Testing and Materials.
ASTM (WAPTAC)
American Society for Testing and Materials
Attic Insulation (WAPTAC)
The installation of approved insulation products (rockwool, fiberglass, and cellulose) evenly across
the unconditioned attic area to achieve desired levels of thermal resistance. Insulation products
have manufacturer rated "R" levels (resistance to heat loss measurements). The more inches of
insulation installed the higher the resistance level. The recommended "R" values vary by climatic
regions of the country. It is common for weatherization programs to install a minimum of R-19 or as
much as R-38 in colder regions. The cost-effective level of insulation to be added, if any, depends on
the existing level of insulation in the attic. Auditors determined the amount of insulation to be
added through prescriptive lists or energy audit programs that calculate the saving to investment
ratio from increasing insulation levels.
Attic and Other Roofs (BECP)
All other roofs, including roofs with insulation entirely below (inside of) the roof structure (e.g.,
attics, cathedral ceilings, and single-rafter ceilings), roofs with insulation both above and below the
roof structure, and roofs without insulation but excluding metal building roofs.
Attic Preparation (WAPTAC)
This refers to the protocol for inspecting and preparing an attic area for the installation of insulation.
The preparatory work is directed primarily to air infiltration and safety issues. Some of the protocols
include placing barriers around heat-producing sources in the attic (electrical junction boxes,
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recessed lights, etc.); placing chutes by the eaves to prevent the insulation from blocking needed air
ventilation paths; and sealing bypasses and other penetrations between the heated space and the
unconditioned attic area.
Audit (WAPTAC)
The process of identifying energy conservation opportunities in buildings.
Authority Having Jurisdiction (BECP)
The agency or agent responsible for enforcing the code or standard.
Auto Operated Control Damper (BECP)
A damper which automatically opens and closes.
Automatic (BECP)
Self-acting, operating by its own mechanism when actuated by some nonmanual influence, such as a
change in current strength, pressure, temperature, or mechanical configuration.
Automatic Control Device (BECP)
A device capable of automatically turning loads off and on without manual intervention.
Automatic Time-Switch Controls (BECP)
Controls that automatically switch lights or equipment on and off.
Available but not Needed Capability (DOE)
Net capability of main generating units that are operable but not considered necessary to carry
load, and cannot be connected to load within 30 minutes.
AWG (WAPTAC)
American Wire Gauge
Back-drafting (WAPTAC)
Continuous spillage of combustion gases from a combustion appliances
Back-draft Damper (WAPTAC)
A damper, installed near a fan, that allows air to flow in only one direction.
Backer Rod (WAPTAC)
Polyethylene foam rope used as a backer for caulking.
Baffle (WAPTAC)
A plate or strip designed to retard or redirect the flow of flue gases. Balance point - The outdoor
temperature at which no heating is needed.
Balance Heating (WAPTAC)
This is the result of balancing the airflow of the central heating distribution system so that intake
and output air exists at levels to maximize efficiency. The balancing of the distribution system
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10,000 Home Weatherization Initiative: A Community Weatherization Partnership
assures that all areas of the home being served by the same heating or cooling system or any zone
within the system receive approximately equal heated or cooled air.
Balancing, Air (BECP)
Adjusting air flow rates through air distribution system devices, such as fans and diffusers, by
manually adjusting the position of dampers, splitter vanes, extractors, etc., or by using automatic
control devices, such as constant air volume or variable air volume boxes.
Balancing, Hydronic (BECP)
Adjusting water flow rates through hydronic distribution system devices, such as pumps and coils,
by manually adjusting the position valves, or by using automatic control devices, such as automatic
flow control valves.
Ballast (BECP)
A device used in conjunction with an electric-discharge lamp to cause the lamp to start and operate
under the proper circuit conditions of voltage, current, wave form, electrode heat, etc.
Ballast (EERE)
A device used to supply the proper voltage and limit the current to operate one or more
fluorescent or high-intensity discharge lamps.
Ballast (WAPTAC)
A coil of wire or electronic device that provides a high starting voltage for a lamp and limits the
current flowing through it
Band Joist (WAPTAC)
See - Rim Joist
Base (EERE)
A selected period of time with consumption levels or dollar amounts, to which all future usage
or costs are compared.
Base Bill (DOE)
A charge calculated through multiplication of the rate from the appropriate electric rate
schedule by the level of consumption.
Basement Wall (BECP)
Basement walls that enclose heated spaces are part of the building envelope. Basement wall refers
to the opaque portion of the wall (excluding windows and doors). To be considered a basement
wall, at least 50% of the wall''s total wall area (including openings) must be below grade. Treat walls
on each side of the basement individually when determining if they are above-grade or basement
walls. For any individual wall less than 50% below grade, include the entire opaque wall area of that
individual wall as part of the above-grade walls.
Batt (WAPTAC)
A narrow blanket of fiberglass insulation, generally 14.5" or 22.5" wide.
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Bbl (DOE)
The abbreviation for barrel.
Bcf (DOE)
The abbreviation for 1 billion cubic feet.
Beam (WAPTAC)
A strong horizontal building support used to carry the weight of a floor or roof.
Below-Grade Wall (BECP)
That portion of a wall in the building envelope that is entirely below the finish grade and in contact
with the ground.
Below-Grade Walls (BECP)
Basement or first-story walls (Section 802.2.8) associated with the exterior of the building that are
at least 85 percent below grade.
Bimetal Element (WAPTAC)
A metal spring, lever, or disc made of two dissimilar metals that expand and contract at different
rates as the temperature around them changes. This movement operates a switch in the control
circuit of a heating or cooling device.
Blackwater (EERE)
Water discharged from toilets, urinals, and kitchen sinks.
BLCC (EERE)
Building Life Cycle Costing.
Blowdown (EERE)
The discharge of water from a boiler or a cooling tower sump that contains a high proportion of
total dissolved solids.
Blow-Down (WAPTAC)
The act of removing water from a boiler to remove sediment and suspended particles.
Blower Door (WAPTAC)
A blower door is a diagnostic tool used to locate the points of infiltration in the building envelope
and help prioritize the air sealing protocols. This device can be mounted in an exterior door or
window opening. The blower door uses a calibrated, powerful, variable speed fan to pressurize or
depressurize the dwelling. Its adjustable frame allows the fan assembly to fit snugly in most frames.
Air movement and pressure differentials are measured using a set of gauges attached to the frame
and fan. These calculations of air movement allow technician to quantify the level of leakage. Such
leakage measurements are usually expressed in terms of equivalent leakage area (ELA), air changes
per hour (ACH), and cubic feet per minute of airflow (CFM). Any one or more of these
measurements can help determine levels of air leakage, indoor air quality, and amount of sealing
work to be performed. In addition to measuring air movement, the blower door will exaggerate the
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leakage points in the building shell for easy identification. This diagnostic tool, when used in
conjunction with an infrared scanner, produces even more accurate results.
Blower Fan (WAPTAC)
The squirrel-cage fan in a furnace or air handler.
BOCA (BECP)
Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc.
Boiler (BECP)
A pressurized system in which water is vaporized to steam by heat transferred from a source of
higher temperature, usually the products of combustion from burning fuels. Steam thus generated
may be used directly as a heating medium or as the working fluid in a prime mover to convert
thermal energy to mechanical work, which in turn may be converted to electrical energy.
Boiler (WAPTAC)
A fossil fuel appliance used for producing hot water or steam as the medium to distribute heat to
the dwelling unit.
Boiler, Packaged (BECP)
A boiler that is shipped complete with heating equipment, mechanical draft equipment, and
automatic controls; usually shipped in one or more sections. A packaged boiler includes factory-built
boilers manufactured as a unit or system, disassembled for shipment, and reassembled at the site.
Boot (WAPTAC)
A duct section that connects between a duct and a register or between round and square ducts
Branch Circuit (BECP)
The circuit conductors between the final overcurrent device protecting the circuit and the outlet(s);
the final wiring run to the load.
Branch Circuit (WAPTAC)
An electrical circuit used to power outlets and lights within a home.
Brightness (WAPTAC)
The intensity of the sensation derived from viewing a lit surface. Measured in footlamberts, it is also
called luminance or luminous intensity.
British Thermal Unit (Btu) (EERE)
The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of
water 1 degree Fahrenheit at or near 39.2 degrees Fahrenheit.
British Thermal Unit (Btu) (WAPTAC)
The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree
Fahrenheit.
BSR (BECP)
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Board of Standards Review.
BTU (BECP)
British thermal unit, which is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound
(0.454 kg) of water 1°F.
Btu (British Thermal Unit) (DOE)
A standard unit for measuring the quantity of heat energy equal to the quantity of heat required
to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit.
Budget Building Design (BECP)
A computer representation of a hypothetical design based on the actual proposed building design.
This representation is used as the basis for calculating the energy cost budget.
Building (BECP)
A structure wholly or partially enclosed within exterior walls, or within exterior and party walls, and
a roof, affording shelter to persons, animals, or property.
Building Cavities (WAPTAC)
The spaces inside walls, floors, and ceilings between the interior and exterior sheeting
Building Commissioning (EERE)
A systematic process of assuring that a building facility performs in
accordance with design intent and the owner’s operational needs. Verification and
documentation that all building facility systems perform interactively in an efficient manner
and that operations and
maintenance personnel are well trained.
Building Entrance (BECP)
Any doorway, set of doors, turnstiles, or other form of portal that is ordinarily used to gain access to
the building by its users and occupants.
Building Envelope (BECP)
A building envelope includes all components of a building that enclose conditioned space. Building
envelope components separate conditioned spaces from unconditioned spaces or from outside air.
For example, walls and doors between an unheated garage and a living area are part of the building
envelope; walls separating an unheated garage from the outside are not. Although floors of
conditioned basements and conditioned crawlspaces are technically part of the building envelope,
the code does not specify insulation requirements for these components.
Building Envelope (EERE)
The exterior surfaces of a building that are exposed to the weather, i.e., walls, roof, windows,
doors, etc.
Building Envelope (WAPTAC)
The area of the building that encloses conditioned space. Only the exterior four walls to the ceiling
under the attic and the floor above the unheated basement area are considered part of the building
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envelope. The floor of a unit that is built on stilts or is above an unheated crawl space is considered
a part of the building envelope. The roof of a building that has no ceilings (or that is part of the
ceiling) is considered part of the building envelope.
Building Envelope Interior (BECP)
The elements of a building that separate conditioned space from unconditioned space or that
enclose semiheated spaces through which thermal energy may be transferred to or from the
exterior, unconditioned spaces, or conditioned spaces.
Building Exit (BECP)
Any doorway, set of doors, or other form of portal that is ordinarily used only for emergency egress
or convenience exit.
Building Grounds Lighting (BECP)
Lighting provided through building''s electrical service for parking lot, site, roadway, pedestrian
pathway, loading dock, and security applications.
Building Information Model (BIM) (BECP)
A digital representation of the building process. The BIM facilitates exchange and interoperability of
information in digital format.
Building Materials (BECP)
Any element (other than air films and insulation) of the building envelope through which heat flows
and that is included in the component U-factor calculations.
Building Official (BECP)
The officer or other designated representative authorized to act on behalf of the authority having
jurisdiction.
Building Science (WAPTAC)
Branch of science dealing with construction, maintenance, safety, and energy efficiency of buildings.
Burner (WAPTAC)
A device that facilitates the burning of a fossil fuel, like gas or oil.
C-Factor (BECP)
Time rate of steady-state heat flow through the unit area of a material or construction surfaces.
Units of C-Factor are Btu/h x ft2 x degrees Fahrenheit. Note that the C-factor does not include soil or
air films.
CABO (BECP)
The Council of American Building Officials.
Capability (DOE)
The maximum load that a generating unit, generating station, or other electrical apparatus can
carry under specified conditions for a given period of time without exceeding approved
limits of temperature and stress.
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Capacity (DOE)
The amount of electric power delivered or required for which a generator, turbine, transformer,
transmission circuit, station, or system is rated by the manufacturer.
Capacity (Purchased) (DOE)
The amount of energy and capacity available for purchase from outside the system.
Capacity Charge (DOE)
An element in a two-part pricing method used in capacity transactions (energy charge is the
other element). The capacity charge, sometimes called Demand Charge, is assessed on the
amount of capacity being purchased.
Carbon Dioxide (WAPTAC)
One of two main products of complete combustion of a hydrocarbon (the other is water vapor).
Carbon Monoxide (CO) (WAPTAC)
Carbon Monoxide is a tasteless, odorless, colorless and poisonous gas that is a by-product of
incomplete combustion of fossil fuels. It is usually caused by a lack of air to support combustion or
impingement of the flame.
Casing (WAPTAC)
Exposed molding or trim around a window or door.
Caulking (WAPTAC)
Mastic compound for filling joints and cracks.
Cavity Insulation (BECP)
Insulation installed between structural members such as wood studs, metal framing, and Z-clips.
CDD (BECP)
Cooling degree day. See "Cooling Degree Days."
CDD50 (BECP)
Cooling degree days base 50 degrees F. See "Degree Day Base 50F."
CE (BECP)
Combustion efficiency.
Ceiling (BECP)
The ceiling requirements apply to portions of the roof and/or ceiling through which heat flows.
Ceiling components include the interior surface of flat ceilings below attics, the interior surface of
cathedral or vaulted ceilings, skylights, and sloped building assemblies less than 60 degrees from
horizontal, but excluding skylight shafts.
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Cellulose Insulation (WAPTAC)
Insulation, packaged in bags for blowing, made from newspaper or wood waste and treated with a
fire retardant
Celsius (Centigrade) (EERE)
The temperature at which the freezing point of water is 0 degrees and the boiling point is 100
degrees at sea level.
Centigrade (WAPTAC)
A temperature scale on which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees
Central Heating System (WAPTAC)
This refers to the primary heating system of the dwelling unit including the heat producing
appliance, the return and supply system for heat distribution, and ducts or pipes for flue gas
ventilation. Central heating systems usually do not include wood stoves, kerosene heaters, space
heaters, and electric baseboard heating units.
Centrifugal Fan (EERE)
A device for propelling air by centrifugal action.
CFM50 (WAPTAC)
This term means the amount of cubic feet per minute of air moving through a structure and
measured at 50-pascal pressure.
CFM (BECP)
Cubic feet per minute. A standard measurement of airflow.
CFM (EERE)
Cubic feet per minute usually refers to the volume of air being moved through an air duct.
CFM - Cubic Feet per Minute (WAPTAC)
Usually seen as CFM 50, cubic feet per minute of air movement due to 50 pascal house/outdoor
pressure differential.
CFMn (WAPTAC)
The cubic feet of air flowing through a house from indoors to outdoors during typical, natural
conditions. This figure can be roughly estimated using a blower door.
CFM Per Person or Per Room (WAPTAC)
An estimate of the cubic feet per minute of fresh air available or required per occupant or per room.
Check Metering (BECP)
Measurement instrumentation for the supplementary monitoring of equipment and tenant energy
use (electric, gas, oil, etc.) in addition to the revenue metering furnished by the utility.
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Chiller (EERE)
A refrigeration machine using mechanical energy input to drive a centrifugal compressor to
generate chilled water.
Circuit (DOE)
A conductor or a system of conductors through which electric current flows.
Circuit Breaker (BECP)
A device designed to open and close circuit by non-automatic means and to open the circuit
automatically at a predetermined overcurrent without damage to itself when properly applied
within its rating.
Circuit Breaker (WAPTAC)
A device found in a Circuit Panel Box that completes an electric circuit. This breaker disconnects the
circuit from electricity when it senses an overload of current.
Circulating Water Heater (BECP)
Hot water continuously circulates through the distribution system.
Circulation Pumps (BECP)
Pumps that are used to keep hot water circulating through the distribution system.
Class of Construction (BECP)
For the building envelope, a subcategory of roof, above-grade wall, below-grade wall, floor, slab-ongrade floor, opaque door, vertical fenestration, or skylight.
Clean and Tune (C&T) (WAPTAC)
A procedure performed on a heating system by a licensed furnace service technician to maximize
the appliance efficiency using existing hardware. The C&T is usually preceded by a combustion
efficiency test to assess whether other conditions exist requiring extensive furnace work. The C&T
can involve a variety of activities to upgrade the efficiency and safe operation of the heating system.
These can include pilot and burner adjustment, adjustment of ventilation and combustion, check
and reset controls, inspect filters, lubricate motors, flush low water cut-off, check operation of
steam and water relief valves, check thermostat, check safety valve, and check thermocouple.
Clerestory (BECP)
That part of a building that rises clear of the roofs or other parts and whose walls contain windows
for lighting the interior.
Coefficient of Performance (COP) (BECP)
The ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete
refrigeration system or some specific portion of that system under designated operating conditions.
Coefficient of Performance (EERE)
Ratio of tons of refrigeration produced to energy required to operate
equipment.
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Co-efficient of Performance (COP) (WAPTAC)
A heat pump or air conditioner's output in watt-hours of heat moved divided by watt-hours of
electrical input.
Coefficient of Utilization (EERE)
Ratio of lumens on the work surface to total lumens emitted by the lamps.
Cogenerator (DOE)
A generating facility that produces electricity and another form of useful thermal energy (such
as heat or steam) used for industrial, commercial, heating, or cooling purposes. To receive
status as a qualifying facility (QF) under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA),
the facility must produce electric energy and "another form of useful thermal energy
through the sequential use of energy," and meet certain ownership, operating, and
efficiency criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). (See the
code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 292.)
Coil (WAPTAC)
A snake-like piece of copper tubing surrounded by rows of aluminum fins that clamp tightly to the
tubing and aid in heat transfer.
Coincidental Demand (DOE)
The sum of two or more demands that occur in the same time interval.
Coincidental Peak Load (DOE)
The sum of two or more peak loads that occur in the same time interval.
Cold Deck (EERE)
A cold air chamber forming a part of an air conditioning system.
Color Rendering Index (CRI) (EERE)
The color appearance of an object under a light source as compared
to a reference source.
Color Rendering Index (CRI) (WAPTAC)
A measurement of a light source's ability to render colors the same as sunlight. CRI has a scale of 0
to 100.
Color Temperature (BECP)
The absolute temperature (in degrees kelvin) of an incandescent blackbody radiator that radiates
the red-orange end of the spectrum. Higher color temperatures are near the blue-violet end of the
spectrum.
Color Temperature (WAPTAC)
A measurement of the warmness or coolness of a light source in the Kelvin temperature scale.
Column (WAPTAC)
A vertical building support usually made of wood or steel.
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Combined Cycle (DOE)
An electric generating technology in which electricity is produced from otherwise lost waste
heat exiting from one more gas (combustion) turbines. The exiting heat is routed to a
conventional boiler or to a heat recovery steam generator for utilization by a steam turbine
in the production of electricity. This process increases the efficiency of the electric
generating unit.
Combined Cycle Unit (DOE)
An electric generating unit that consists of one or more combustion turbines and one or more
boilers with a portion of the required energy input to the boiler(s) provided by the exhaust
gas of the combustion turbine(s).
Combined Wastewater (EERE)
A facility’s total wastewater, both graywater and blackwater.
Combustible (WAPTAC)
Means something will burn, although not necessarily readily.
Combustion Air (WAPTAC)
Air that chemically combines with a fuel during the combustion process to produce heat and flue
gases, mainly carbon dioxide and water vapor.
Combustion Analyzer (WAPTAC)
A device used to measure steady-state efficiency of combustion heating units.
Combustion Chamber (WAPTAC)
The area inside the heat exchanger where the flame burns
Combustion Test (WAPTAC)
This test is performed to determine the efficiency at which a heating appliance is operating at steady
state. The actual tests or sequence of tests may vary in conjunction with the type of testing
equipment used or the type of heating appliance being tested. Persons performing these tests must
be extremely familiar with the testing equipment being used and must be trained in conducting the
tests. In some states, a license is required to perform such tests.
Commercial (DOE)
The commercial sector is generally defined as nonmanufacturing business establishments,
including hotels, motels, restaurants, wholesale businesses, retail stores, and health, social,
and educational institutions. The utility may classify commercial service as all consumers
whose demand or annual use exceeds some specified limit. The limit may be set by the
utility based on the rate schedule of the utility.
Commercial Building (BECP)
Includes but is not limited to occupancies for assembly, business, education, institutions, merchants,
and storage.
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Commercial Operation (DOE)
Commercial operation begins when control of the loading of the generator is turned over to the
system dispatcher.
Compact Flourescents (BECP)
Small fluorescent lamps that are often used as an alternative to incandescent lighting. The lamp life
is about 10 times longer than incandescent lamps and is 3-4 times more efficacious.
Compact Fluorescent Lamp (BECP)
A fluorescent lamp of a small compact shape, with a single base that provides the entire mechanical
support function.
Compressor (WAPTAC)
A motorized pump that compresses the gaseous refrigerant and sends it to the condenser where
heat is released
Concrete Masonry Unit Walls (BECP)
Concrete masonry unit walls may be insulated by filling the empty core with perlite, vermiculite, or
some other insulative material. In some cases, even with filled cores, these wall types require
additional insulation.
Condense (WAPTAC)
When a gas turns into a liquid as it cools, it condenses. Condensation is the opposite of evaporation.
When a gas condenses into a liquid it releases heat.
Condenser (EERE)
A heat exchanger which removes heat from vapor, changing it to its liquid state. In
refrigeration systems, this is the component which rejects heat.
Condenser (WAPTAC)
The coil in an air conditioning system where the refrigerant condenses and releases heat, that is
carried away by air moving through the coil.
Condensate (EERE)
Water obtained by charging the state of water vapor (i.e., steam or moisture in air)from a gas to
a liquid usually by cooling.
Condensate (WAPTAC)
Vapor condensed back to a liquid.
Condensate Receiver (WAPTAC)
A tank for catching returning condensate water from a steam heating system.
Condensing Unit (BECP)
A specific refrigerating machine combination for a given refrigerant, consisting of one or more
power-driven compressors, condensers, liquid receivers (when required), and the regularly
furnished accessories.
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Conditioned (WAPTAC)
Intentionally heated or cooled areas of a building
Conditioned Floor Area (BECP)
The horizontal projection of that portion of interior space which is contained within exterior walls
and which is conditioned directly or indirectly by an energy-using system.
Conditioned Space (BECP)
A space is conditioned if heating and/or cooling is deliberately supplied to it or is indirectly supplied
through uninsulated surfaces of water or heating equipment, uninsulated ducts, or uninsulated
floors, ceilings, or walls between it and another conditioned space.
Conductance (WAPTAC)
The property of a material to conduct some energy form like heat or electricity.
Conduction (EERE)
Method of heat transfer in which heat moves through a solid.
Conduction (WAPTAC)
Conduction is the transfer of heat through a material by molecular movement. Reducing heat loss
through conduction can include the installation insulation in wall, ceiling, and floor cavities,
insulation of hot water tanks, creating thermal breaks in window and door framing, and sealing of
bypasses and other sources of air movement.
Connected Lighting Load (BECP)
The sum of all non-exempt interior lighting power, measured in watts.
Connection (DOE)
The physical connection (e.g. transmission lines, transformers, switch gear, etc.) between two
electric systems permitting the transfer of electric energy in one or both directions.
Construction (BECP)
The fabrication and erection of a new building or any addition to or alteration of an existing building.
Construction Documents (BECP)
Drawings and specifications used to construct a building, building systems, or portions thereof.
Consumer Product (EERE)
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/residential/battery_external.
html
42 U.S.C. 6291(1)
The term consumer product means any article other than an automobile, as defined in section
32901(a)(3) of title 49 of a type—
A. which in operation consumes, or is designed to consume, energy or water with respect to
showerheads, faucets, water closets, and urinals; and
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B. which, to any significant extent, is distributed in commerce for personal use or consumption
by individuals without regard to whether such article of such type is in fact distributed in
commerce for personal use or consumption by an individual, except that such term includes
fluorescent lamp ballasts, general service fluorescent lamps, incandescent reflector lamps,
showerheads, faucets, water closets, and urinals distributed in commerce for personal or
commercial use or consumption.
Consumption (Fuel) (DOE)
The amount of fuel used for gross generation, providing standby service, start-up and/or flame
stabilization.
Continuous Insulation (CI) (BECP)
Insulation that runs continuously over structural members and is free of significant thermal bridging;
such as rigid foam insulation above the ceiling deck. It is installed on the interior, exterior, or is
integral to any opaque surface of the building envelope.
Contract Price (DOE)
Price of fuels marketed on a contract basis covering a period of 1 or more years. Contract prices
reflect market conditions at the time the contract was negotiated and therefore remain
constant throughout the life of the contract or are adjusted through escalation clauses.
Generally, contract prices do not fluctuate widely.
Contract Receipts (DOE)
Purchases based on a negotiated agreement that generally covers a period of 1 or more years.
Contrast (WAPTAC)
Difference in brightness measured by the relationship between an object's brightness and the
brightness of its background.
Control (BECP)
To regulate the operation of equipment.
Control Circuit (WAPTAC)
A circuit whose work is switching a power circuit or opening an automatic valve
Control Device (BECP)
A specialized device used to regulate the operation of equipment.
Convection (EERE)
Method of heat transfer in which heat moves by motion of a fluid or gas, usually air.
Convection (WAPTAC)
The transfer of heat caused by the movement of a fluid like water or air. When a fluid becomes
warmer it becomes lighter and rises.
Convective Air Flow (WAPTAC)
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Air movement where less dense (warmer) air is displaced by more dense (cooler) air. Often
expressed by the phrase "hot air rises." Convective air flow can be useful if controlled, as in gravity
hot air heating systems, but is more often a contributor to heat loss.
Convective Loop (WAPTAC)
A structural heat loss resulting from temperature differences between the inside and outside wall
surfaces causing an air movement loop within the wall cavity. This condition can be present when a
stud cavity has no insulation. Air in the cavity is heated near the interior surface of the wall, rises,
circulates back toward the exterior siding, falls, re-circulates back to the warm side, is re-heated,
and so on.
Cool Down (BECP)
Reduction of space temperature down to occupied set point after a period of shutdown or setup.
Cooled Space (BECP)
An enclosed space within a building that is cooled by a cooling system whose capacity (a) exceeds 6
Btu per hour per square foot or (b) is capable of maintaining a space dry-bulb temperature of 90
degrees F or less at design cooling conditions.
Cooling Degree Days (BECP)
A unit, based on temperature difference and time, used in estimating cooling energy consumption
and specifying nominal cooling load of a building in summer. Cooling degree days (CDD) are
calculated by subtracting 65° F (18° C) from the mean temperature of any given day that has an
average temperture that is over 65° F (18° C).
Cooling Design Temperature (BECP)
The outdoor dry-bulb temperature equal to the temperature that is exceeded 1% of the number of
hours during a typical weather year.
Cooling Design Wet-Bulb Temperature (BECP)
The outdoor wet-bulb temperature for sizing cooling systems and evaporative heat rejection
systems such as cooling towers.
Cooling Load (WAPTAC)
The maximum rate of heat removal required of an air conditioner when the outdoor temperature
and humidity are at the highest expected level.
Cooling System (DOE)
Energy Efficiency program promotion aimed at improving the efficiency of the cooling delivery
system, including replacement, in the residential, commercial, or industrial sectors.
Cooling Tower (EERE)
A device that cools water directly by evaporation.
COP Cooling (BECP)
The ratio of the rate of heat removal to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete
refrigeration system or some specific portion of that system under designated operating conditions.
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COP Heating (BECP)
The ratio of the rate of heat delivered to the rate of energy input, in consistent units, for a complete
heat pump system, including the compressor and, if applicable, auxiliary heat, under designated
operating conditions.
Cost (DOE)
The amount paid to acquire resources, such as plant and equipment, fuel, or labor services.
Cost Effective (WAPTAC)
Having an acceptable payback, return-on-investment, or savings-to-investment ratio.
Crawl Space Wall (BECP)
The opaque portion of a wall which encloses a crawl space and is partially or totally below grade. A
crawl space wall component includes the opaque portion of a wall that encloses a crawl space and is
partially or totally below grade, as measured from the sill to the top of the footing.
Critical Demand Period (BECP)
The period of peak electricity or natural gas demand, as defined by a utility tariff, that establishes
annual system peak load. The critical demand period is different from typical demand periods as
traditionally defined by utility tariffs.
Cross Section (WAPTAC)
A view of a building component drawn or imagined by cutting through the component.
CSA (BECP)
Canadian Standards Association.
CSBG - Community Services Block Grant (WAPTAC)
The Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) is federal, anti-poverty block grant which funds the
operations of a state-administered network of local agencies. This CSBG network consists of more
than 1,100 agencies that create, coordinate and deliver programs and services to low-income
Americans in 96% of the nation's counties.
Most agencies in the CSBG network are Community Action Agencies (CAAs), created through the
Economic Opportunity Act, a predecessor of the CSBG. Community representation and
accountability are hallmarks of the CSBG network, where agencies are governed by a tri-partite
board. This structure consists of elected public officials, representatives of the low-income
community, and appointed leaders from the private sector. Because the CSBG funds the central
management and core activities of these agencies, the CSBG network is able to mobilize additional
resources to combat the central causes of poverty.
CTI (BECP)
Cooling Tower Institute.
Cubic Foot Per Minute (CFM) (WAPTAC)
A measurement of air movement past a certain point or through a certain structure
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Current (Electric) (DOE)
A flow of electrons in an electrical conductor. The strength or rate of movement of the
electricity is measured in amperes.
Current Transformers (BECP)
An electrical device used to convert large currents to proportionally smaller currents based on a
given ratio; typically used for metering.
Curtain Wall (WAPTAC)
A wall between columns and beams that supports no weight but its own
Customer Certification (WAPTAC)
A final determination concerning program eligibility based on income and ownership, resulting in
the customer's receipt or denial of WAP benefits.
Dado (WAPTAC)
A rectangular groove cut into wood.
Damper (EERE)
A device used to limit the volume of air passing through an air outlet, inlet, or duct.
Daylight Glazing (BECP)
Exterior glazing over 6 feet above the finished floor.
DDC (BECP)
Direct Digital Control.
Deadband (BECP)
The temperature range in which no heating or cooling is used.
Decking (WAPTAC)
The wood material installed under roofing material to support the roofing.
Decorative Lighting (BECP)
Lighting that is purely ornamental and installed for aesthetic effect. Decorative lighting shall not
include general lighting.
Degree Day (BECP)
See "Heating Degree Days."
Degree Day Base 50F, CDD50 (BECP)
For any one day, when the mean temperature is more than 50 degrees F, there are as many degree
days as degrees Fahrenheit temperature difference between the mean temperature for the day and
50 degrees F. Annual cooling degree days (CDDs) are the sum of the degree days over a calendar
year.
Degree Days (EERE)
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The degree day for any given day is the difference between 65 degrees and the average daily
temperature. For example, if the average temperature is 50 degrees, the degree days is 65 50 =15 degrees days. When accumulated for a season, degree days measure the severity of
the entire season.
Delivering Party (DOE)
The entity supplying the capacity and/or energy to be transmitted at Point(s) of Receipt.
Demand (BECP)
The highest amount of power (average kw over an interval) recorded for a building or facility in a
selected time frame.
Demand (Electric) (DOE)
The rate at which electric energy is delivered to or by a system, part of a system or piece of
equipment, at a given instant or averaged over any designated period of time.
Demand for Energy (WAPTAC)
The peak need for electrical energy. Some utilities levy a monthly charge for demand.
Demand Factor (EERE)
The ratio of the maximum demand of a system to the total connected load on the system.
Demand Load (EERE)
The maximum continuous requirement for electricity measured during a specified amount of
time, usually 15 minutes.
Demand Side Management (DSM) (WAPTAC)
The planning and implementation of those utility sponsored activities designed to influence
customer use of electricity or gas in ways that will produce desired changes in the utility's load
shape, such as changes in the pattern and magnitude of the utility's load. DSM study has resulted in
a variety of utility-sponsored programs to redirect their customer's usage patterns, especially in the
peak load periods. While mainly an electric utility applied concept, there is some application to gas
utilities as well. The ultimate goal for most utilities is to avoid the need to invest in new power
plants or distribution due to excessive demands on current capacity.
Density (WAPTAC)
The weight of a material divided by its volume, usually measured in pounds per cubic foot.
Degree Days (WAPTAC)
A measure of the temperature element of climate produced by multiplying temperature difference
by time.
Depressurize (WAPTAC)
Cause to have a lower pressure or vacuum with respect to a reference of a higher pressure.
Desiccant (WAPTAC)
A liquid or solid material used to absorb water or water vapor.
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Design A (BECP)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) design class designations for standard general
purpose polyphase squirrel-cage induction motors.
Designated Agent (DOE)
Any entity that performs actions or functions on behalf of the Transmission Provider, an eligible
Customer or the Transmission Customer required under the Tariff
Design B (BECP)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) design class designations for standard general
purpose polyphase squirrel-cage induction motors.
Design Capacity (BECP)
Output capacity of a system or piece of equipment at design conditions.
Design Conditions (BECP)
Specified environmental conditions, such as temperature and light intensity, required to be
produced and maintained by a system and under which the system must operate.
Design E (BECP)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) design class designations for standard general
purpose polyphase squirrel-cage induction motors.
Design Energy Cost (BECP)
The annual energy cost calculated for a proposed design.
Design Professional (BECP)
An architect or engineer licensed to practice in accordance with applicable state licensing laws.
Design Temperature (WAPTAC)
A high or low temperature used for designing heating and cooling systems.
Dew Point (WAPTAC)
The warmest temperature of an object in an environment where water condensation from the
surrounding air would form on that object
Dilution Air (WAPTAC)
Air that enters through the dilution device-an opening where the chimney joins to an atmosphericdraft combustion appliance
Dilution Device (WAPTAC)
A draft diverter or barometric draft control on an atmospheric-draft combustion appliance.
Direct Digital Control (DDC) (BECP)
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A type of control where controlled and monitored analog or binary data (e.g., temperature, contact
closures) are converted to digital format for manipulation and calculations by a digital computer or
microprocessor, then converted back to analog or binary form to control physical devices.
Direct Load Control (DOE)
Refers to program activities that can interrupt consumer load at the time of annual peak load by
direct control of the utility system operator by interrupting power supply to individual
appliances or equipment on consumer premises. This type of control usually involves
residential consumers. Direct Load Control excludes Interruptible Load and Other Load
Management effects. (Direct Load Control, as defined here, is synonymous with Direct Load
Control Management reported to the North American Electric Reliability Council on the
voluntary Office of Energy Emergency Operations Form OE-411, "Coordinated Regional Bulk
Power Supply Program Report," with the exception that annual peak load effects are
reported here and seasonal (i.e., summer and winter) peak load effects are reported on the
OE-411).
Direct Utility Cost (DOE)
A utility cost that is identified with one of the DSM program categories (i.e., Energy Efficiency,
Direct Load Control, Interruptible Load, Other Load Management, Other DSM Programs,
Load Building).
Disconnect (BECP)
A device or group of devices or other means by which the conductors of a circuit can be
disconnected from their source of supply.
Distribution System (BECP)
Conveying means, such as ducts, pipes, and wires, to bring substances or energy from a source to
the point of use. The distribution system includes such auxilliary equipment as fans, pumps and
transformers.
Distribution System (DOE)
The portion of an electric system that is dedicated to delivering electric energy to an end user.
Distribution System (WAPTAC)
This term refers to that part of a central heating system used to deliver heated transfer media to the
living space, and return the cooled transfer media to the appliance for re-heating. In a forced air
system this includes the blower, ducts, registers, dampers, and cold air returns. In a hot water
system this includes circulators, supply lines, radiators, and return lines.
DOE (BECP)
U.S. Department of Energy.
Domestic Hot Water (DHW) (WAPTAC)
Refers to a separate, closed system to heat potable (drinkable) water and supply it to the dwelling
unit for washing, bathing, etc.
Domestic Water Heating System (BECP)
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DWH systems may be circulating or non-circulating.
Door (BECP)
Doors include all openable opaque assemblies (which are not fenestration) located in exterior walls
of the building envelope. Doors with glass can be treated as a single door assembly, in which case an
aggregate U-factor (a U-factor that includes both the glass and the opaque area) must be used, or
the glass area of the door can be included with the other glazing, and an opaque door U-factor can
be used to determine compliance of the door.
Door Area (BECP)
Total area of the door measured using the rough opening and including the door slab and the frame.
See "Fenestration Area."
Dormer (WAPTAC)
A vertical window projecting from a roof.
Double Bundle Chiller (EERE)
A condenser usually in a refrigeration machine that contains two separate tube bundles allowing
the option of rejecting heat to the cooling tower or to another building system requiring
heat input.
Draft Diverter (WAPTAC)
A device located in gas appliance flue pipe. Used to moderate or divert draft that could extinguish
the pilot or interfere with combustion
Dry Bulb Temperature (EERE)
The measure of the sensible temperature of air.
Dry Bulb Temperature (WAPTAC)
Normal ambient air temperature measured by a thermometer.
Dry-Type Transformer (BECP)
A transformer in which the core and coils are in a gaseous or dry compound.
Drywall (WAPTAC)
Gypsum interior wallboard used to produce a smooth and level interior wall surface and to resist
fire. Also called gypsum wall board or sheetrock.
DSM (BECP)
Demand-side management.
Duct (BECP)
A tube or conduit used for conveying air. The air passages of self-contained systems should not be
construed as air ducts.
Duct Blower (WAPTAC)
A blower-door-like device used for testing duct leakiness and air flow.
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Duct Furnace (BECP)
A furnace normally installed in distribution ducts of air conditioning systems to supply warm air for
heating and which depends on a blower not furnished as part of the duct furnace for air circulation.
Duct System (BECP)
A continuous passageway for the transmission of air that, in addition to ducts, includes duct fittings,
dampers, plenums, fans, and accessory air-handling equipment and appliances.
Duplex (WAPTAC)
Any structure which consists of two separate dwelling units in one building.
Dwelling Unit (BECP)
A single housekeeping unit of one or more rooms providing complete, independent living facilities,
including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation.
Dwelling Unit (WAPTAC)
A house, including a stationary mobile home, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room
occupied as separate living quarters.
Eaves (WAPTAC)
The edges of a roof system (See - Soffit)
Economizer (BECP)
A duct and damper arrangement and automatic control system that allow a cooling supply fan
system to supply outdoor air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical refrigeration during
mild or cold weather.
Economizer cycle (EERE)
A method of operating a ventilation system to reduce refrigeration load. Whenever the outside
air conditions are more favorable (lower heat content) than return air conditions, outdoor
air quantity is increased.
Efficacy (BECP)
A metric used to compare light output to energy consumption. Efficacy is measured in lumens per
watt. Efficacy is similar to efficiency but is expressed in dissimilar units. For example, if a 100-watt
source produces 9000 lumens, then the efficacy is 90 lumens per watt.
Efficacy (EERE)
Ratio of usable light to energy input for a lighting fixture or system (lumens per watt).
Efficacy (WAPTAC)
The number of lumens produced by a watt used for lighting a lamp. Used to describe lighting
efficiency.
Efficiency (BECP)
Performance at specified rating conditions.
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Efficiency (WAPTAC)
The ratio of output divided by input
Electric Meter (BECP)
A mechanical/electrical device that can measure electric power.
Electric Plant (Physical) (DOE)
A facility containing prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for converting
mechanical, chemical, and/or fission energy into electric energy.
Electric Rate Schedule (DOE)
A statement of the electric rate and the terms and conditions governing its application, including
attendant contract terms and conditions that have been accepted by a regulatory body with
appropriate oversight authority.
Electric Resistance (BECP)
The property of an electric circuit or of any object used as part of an electric circuit that determines
for a given circuit the rate at which electric energy is converted into heat or radiant energy and that
has a value such that the product of the resistance and the square of the current gives the rate of
conversion of energy.
Electric Supplier (BECP)
An agency that sells and/or distributes electric power.
Electric Utility (DOE)
A corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality that owns
and/or operates facilities within the United States, its territories, or Puerto Rico for the
generation, transmission, distribution, or sale of electric energy primarily for use by the
public and files forms listed in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 141. Facilities
that qualify as cogenerators or small power producers under the Public Utility Regulatory
Policies Act (PURPA) are not considered electric utilities.
Electronic High Frequency Ballasts (BECP)
Electronic ballasts improve fluorescent system efficacy by converting the standard 60 Hz input
frequency to a higher frequency, usually 25,000 to 40,000 Hz. Lights operating on these frequencies
produce about the same amount of light while consuming up to 30% less power than a standard
magnetic ballast.
Eligible Multi-Family Dwelling Units (WAPTAC)
A multi-family building qualifies to be weatherized in its entirety when 66% (50% for 2 and 4 unit
buildings) or more of the total dwelling units in the building are determined to be eligible as per DOE
rules.
Eligible Unit (WAPTAC)
A unit occupied by a household that is categorically eligible or income eligible by DOE and/or LIHEAP
standards.
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Emergency Power System (EPS) (BECP)
A system that is required by codes or other laws to automatically supply illumination or power or
both in the event of failure of the normal supply or in the event of accidents to such systems. Such
systems may also include standby loads incidental to system operations but shall not include
systems for optional standby loads only.
Emittance (BECP)
The ratio of the radiant heat flux emitted by a specimen to that emitted by a blackbody at the same
temperature and under the same conditions.
Emittance (WAPTAC)
The ability of a material to emit radiant energy from its surface. Also called emissivity.
Enclosed Space (BECP)
A volume substantially surrounded by solid surfaces such as walls, floors, roofs, and openable
devices such as doors and operable windows. Spaces not meeting these criteria for enclosure are
considered to be exterior to the building for purposes of determining envelope requirements. For
example, most parking garages do not qualify as enclosed space.
Enclosure (BECP)
The case or housing of an apparatus, or the fence or walls surrounding an installation, designed to
prevent personnel from accidentally contacting energized parts and to protect equipment from
physical damage.
Energy (BECP)
The capacity for doing work. It takes a number of forms that may be transformed from one into
another such as thermal (heat), mechanical (work), electrical, and chemical. Customary
measurement units are British thermal units (Btu).
Energy (DOE)
The capacity for doing work as measured by the capability of doing work (potential energy) or
the conversion of this capability to motion (kinetic energy). Energy has several forms, some
of which are easily convertible and can be changed to another form useful for work. Most of
the world’s convertible energy comes from fossil fuels that are burned to produce heat that
is then used as a transfer medium to mechanical or other means in order to accomplish
tasks. Electrical energy is usually measured in kilowatt-hours, while heat energy is usually
measured in British thermal units.
Energy (WAPTAC)
A quantity of heat or work
Energy Charge (DOE)
That portion of the charge for electric service based upon the electric energy (kWh) consumed
or billed.
Energy Codes Resource Center (BECP)
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The U.S. Department of Energy's Building Energy Codes Program is an information resource on
national model energy codes. We work with other government agencies, state and local
jurisdictions, national code organizations, and industry to promote stronger building energy codes
and help states adopt, implement, and enforce those codes.
The Program recognizes that energy codes maximize energy efficiency only when they are fully
embraced by users and supported through education, implementation, and enforcement.
http://resourcecenter.pnl.gov/cocoon/morf/ResourceCenter/article/1295
Energy Cost Budget (BECP)
The annual energy cost for the budget building.
Energy Consumption (WAPTAC)
The conversion or transformation of potential energy into kinetic energy for heat, light, electricity,
etc.
Energy Deliveries (DOE)
Energy generated by one electric utility system and delivered to another system through one or
more transmission lines.
Energy Education (WAPTAC)
The process used by WAP staff to inform customers of the ways they can further reduce energy
consumption through altering their behavioral patterns. The most effective protocol includes
multiple interaction and reinforcement with the household residents and use of a negotiated and
written action plan.
Energy Efficiency (WAPTAC)
Term used to describe how efficiently a building component uses energy.
Energy Efficient Ratio (EER) (BECP)
The ratio of net equipment cooling capacity in Btu/h to total rate of electric input in watts under
designated operating conditions. When consistent units are used, this ratio becomes equal to the
coefficient of performance.
Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) (WAPTAC)
A measurement of energy efficiency for room air conditioners. The EER is computed by dividing
cooling capacity, measured in British Thermal Units per hour (Btuh), by the watts of power. (See Seasonal Energy
Efficiency Rating or SEER)
Energy Factor (EF) (BECP)
A measure of water heater overall efficiency.
Energy Management System (EERE)
A microprocessor-based system for controlling equipment and monitoring energy and other
operating parameters in a building.
Energy Performance Rating (BECP)
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The energy use of the proposed building under actual operating conditions. Projected energy use
targets can be used for buildings in the design or construction process. Examples include kBtu/sf/yr,
$/sf/yr, $/gross sales, Energy Performance Rating Score (US EPA), or like expressions of energy
performance.
Energy Requirement (EERE)
The total yearly energy used by a building to maintain the selected inside design conditions
under the dynamic impact of a typical year’s climate. It includes raw fossil fuel consumed in
the building and all electricity used for lighting and power. Efficiencies of utilization are
applied and all energy is expressed in the common unit of Btu.
Energy Savings (EERE)
Section 515 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 (P.L. 110-140) extends the
definition of energy savings reduction to include increased use of an existing energy source by
cogeneration or heat recovery, use of excess electrical or thermal energy generated from onsite
renewable sources or cogeneration, and increased energy-efficient use of water resources.
Energy Source (DOE)
The primary source that provides the power that is converted to electricity through chemical,
mechanical, or other means. Energy sources include coal, petroleum and petroleum
products, gas, water, uranium, wind, sunlight, geothermal, and other sources.
ENERGY STAR®
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=diy.diy_glossary
ENERGY STAR is a government-backed program helping businesses and individuals protect the
environment through superior energy efficiency.
ENERGY STAR® Home Sealing
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=diy.diy_glossary
A process recommended by the ENERGY STAR Program for improving the envelope of a home to
make it more comfortable and energy-efficient. The process includes sealing air leaks and adding
insulation where cost-effective.
Energy utilization Index (EERE)
A reference which expresses the total energy (fossil fuel and electricity) used by a building in a
given period (month, year) in terms of Btu’s/gross conditioned square feet.
Enthalpy (EERE)
The total heat content of air expressed in units of Btu/pound. It is the sum of the sensible and
latent heat.
Enthalpy (WAPTAC)
The internal heat of a material measured in Btus per pound.
Entropy (WAPTAC)
Heat unavailable to a closed thermodynamic system during a heat transfer process.
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Envelope Components (BECP)
The building assemblies that provide a barrier between conditioned space and unconditioned space.
This includes the floors, walls, and ceiling/roof assemblies of the building.
Envelope Floor (BECP)
That lower portion of the building envelope, including opaque area and fenestration, that has
conditioned or semiheated space above and is horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60
degrees from horizontal but excluding slab-on-grade floors. It is needed to determine building
envelope requirements.
EPA - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (WAPTAC)
EPA's mission is to protect human health and to safeguard the natural environment - air, water, and
land - upon which life depends. For 30 years, EPA has been working for a cleaner, healthier
environment for the American people.
Equipment (BECP)
Devices for comfort conditioning, electric power, lighting, transportation, or service water heating
including, but not limited to, furnaces, boilers, air conditioners, heat pumps, chillers, water heaters,
lamps, luminaires, ballasts, elevators, escalators, or other devices or installations.
Equipment Efficiency (BECP)
The measure of equipment efficiency varies with equipment type.
Equivalent Leakage Area (ELA) (WAPTAC)
Calculation, in square inches, of the total area of all holes and cracks in a structure. The leakage area
is then accumulated to represent one total leakage point.
Evaporation (EERE)
The act of water or other liquids dissipating or becoming vapor or steam.
Evaporation (WAPTAC)
The change that occurs when a liquid becomes a gas. Evaporation is the key process in the operation
of air conditioners and evaporative coolers.
Evaporative Cooler (WAPTAC)
A device for cooling homes in dry climates by humidifying and cooling incoming air.
Evaporator (EERE)
A heat exchanger in which a liquid evaporates while absorbing heat.
Evaporator (WAPTAC)
The heat transfer coil of an air conditioner or heat pump that cools the surrounding air as the
refrigerant inside the coil evaporates and absorbs heat.
Exfiltration (BECP)
Uncontrolled outward air leakage from inside a building including leakage through cracks and
interstices around windows and doors and through any other exterior partition or penetration.
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Exfiltration (WAPTAC)
This term describes the movement of air out of a building. Often refers to warm air leaving a
building due to pressurization, infiltration, wind, stack effect, and/or convective flow.
Existing Building (BECP)
A building or portion thereof that was previously occupied or approved for occupancy by the
authority having jurisdiction.
Existing Equipment (BECP)
Equipment previously installed in an existing building.
Existing System (BECP)
A system or systems previously installed in an existing building.
Expenditure (DOE)
The incurrence of a liability to obtain an asset or service.
Exterior Lighting Power Allowance (BECP)
The maximum lighting power in watts allowed for the exterior of a building.
Exterior Wall (BECP)
An above-grade wall enclosing conditioned space. Includes between-floor spandrels, peripheral
edges of floors, roof and basement knee walls, dormer walls, gable end walls, walls enclosing a
mansard roof, and basement walls with an average below grade-wall area that is less than 50
percent of the total opaque and non-opaque area of that enclosing side.
F (BECP)
Fahrenheit.
Fahrenheit (WAPTAC)
A temperature scale used in the United States and a few other countries. On the Fahrenheit scale,
water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees.
F-Factor (BECP)
The perimeter heat loss factor for slab-on-grade floors, expressed in Btu/h x F.
Facade Area (BECP)
Area of the facade, including overhanging soffits, cornices, and protruding columns, measured in
elevation in a vertical plane parallel to the plane of the face of the building. Non-horizontal roof
surfaces shall be included in the calculation of vertical facade area by measuring the area in a plane
parallel to the surface.
Facility (DOE)
An existing or planned location or site at which prime movers, electric generators, and/or
equipment for converting mechanical, chemical, and/or nuclear energy into electric energy are
situated, or will be situated. A facility may contain more than one generator of either the same or
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different prime mover type. For a cogenerator, the facility includes the industrial or commercial
process.
Family Unit (WAPTAC)
All persons living together in a dwelling unit
Fan Coil (BECP)
A fan-coil terminal is essentially a small air-handling unit which serves a single space without a
ducted distribution system. One or more independent terminals are typically located in each room
connected to a supply of hot and/or chilled water. At each terminal, a fan in the unit draws room air
(sometimes mixed with outside air) through a filter and blows it across a coil of hot water or chilled
water and back into the room.
Fan Control (WAPTAC)
A bimetal thermostat that turns the furnace blower on and off as it senses the presence of heat.
Fan System Energy Demand (BECP)
The sum of the nominal power demand (nameplate horsepower) of motors of all fans that are
required to operate at design conditions to supply air from the heating or cooling source to the
conditioned space(s) and return it to the source or exhaust it to the outdoors.
Faucet Aerator (EERE)
Either a device inserted into a faucet head or a type of faucet head that reduces water flow by
adding air to the water steam through a series of screens and/or small holes through a
disk. An aerator produces a low-flow non-splashing stream of water.
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) (DOE)
A quasi-independent regulatory agency within the Department of Energy having jurisdiction
over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas
pricing, oil pipeline rates, and gas pipeline certification.
Feeder Conductors (BECP)
The wires that connect the service equipment to the branch circuit breaker panels.
FEMP - Federal Energy Management Program (WAPTAC)
A program of DOE that implements energy legislation and presidential directives. FEMP provides
project financing, technical guidance and assistance, coordination and reporting, and new initiatives
for the federal government. It also helps federal agencies identify the best technologies and
technology demonstrations for their use.
Fenestration (BECP)
All areas (including the frames) in the building envelope that let in light, including windows, plastic
panels, clerestories, skylights, glass doors that are more than one-half glass, and glass block walls. A
skylight is a fenestration surface having a slope of less than 60 degrees from the horizontal plane.
Other fenestration, even if mounted on the roof of a building, is considered vertical fenestration.
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Fenestration (WAPTAC)
Window and door openings in a building's wall.
Fenestration Area (BECP)
Total area of the fenestration measured using the rough opening and including the glazing, sash, and
frame. For doors where the glazed vision area is less than 50% of the door area, the fenestration
area is the glazed vision area. For all other doors, the fenestration area is the door area.
FERC (DOE)
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
Fiberglass (WAPTAC)
A fibrous material made by spinning molten glass used as an insulator and heat loss retardant
Fill Tube (WAPTAC)
A plastic or metal tube used for its stiffness to blow insulation inside a building cavity.
Fin Comb (WAPTAC)
A comb-like tool used to straighten bent fins in air conditioning coils.
Fire Stop (WAPTAC)
Framing member designed to stop the spread of fire within a wall cavity.
Firm Gas (DOE)
Gas sold on a continuous and generally long-term contract.
Firm Power (DOE)
Power or power producing capacity intended to be available at all times during the period
covered by a guaranteed commitment to deliver, even under adverse conditions.
Firm Transmission Service (DOE)
Point-to-point transmission service that is reserved and/or scheduled for a term of one year or
more and that is of the same priority as that of the Transmission Provider’s firm use of the
transmission system. Firm Transmission service that is reserved and/or scheduled for a term
of less than one year shall be considered Short-Term Firm Transmission Service for the
purposes of service liability.
Fixture (BECP)
The component of a luminaire that houses the lamp or lamps, positions the lamp, shields it from
view, and distributes the light. The fixture also provides for connection to the power supply, which
may require the use of a ballast.
Flame Safety Control (WAPTAC)
A control device used to stop the flow of fuel to the burner assembly in the event of no ignition.
Flashing (WAPTAC)
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Waterproof material used to prevent leakage at intersections between the roof surface at walls or
penetrations.
Floor (BECP)
A horizontal exterior partition, or a horizontal demising partition, under conditioned space which
separates conditioned space from unconditioned space.
Floor Joists (WAPTAC)
The framing members that support the floor area.
Flow Restrictors (EERE)
Washer-like disks that fit inside faucet or shower heads to restrict water flow.
Flue (WAPTAC)
The channel of pipe used to control air flow of combustion gases.
Flue Damper (BECP)
A device in the flue outlet or in the inlet of or upstream of the draft control device of an individual,
automatically operated, and fossil fuel-fired appliance that is designed to automatically open the
flue outlet during appliance operation and to automatically close the flue outlet when the appliance
is in a standby condition.
Fluorescent Lamps (BECP)
A light source consisting of a tube filled with argon, along with krypton or other inert gas. When
electrical current is applied, the resulting arc emits ultraviolet radiation that excites the phosphors
inside the lamp wall, causing them to radiate visible light.
Flushometer Valve Toilet (EERE)
Also known as a pressure assisted or pressurized tank toilet, a toilet with the flush valve
attached to a pressurized water supply tank. When activated, the flush valve supplies the
water to the toilet at the higher flow rate necessary to flush all of the waste through the
toilet trap and into the sewer.
Foam Board (WAPTAC)
Plastic foam insulation manufactured most commonly in 4'x8' sheets in thickness of 1/4" to 3".
Foot Candle (EERE)
Illumination at a distance of one foot from a standard candle.
Foot Candle (WAPTAC)
A measure of light striking a surface
Footer (WAPTAC)
The part of a foundation system that actually transfers the weight of the building to the ground
Fossil Fuel (BECP)
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Fuel derived from a hydrocarbon deposit such as petroleum, coal, or natural gas derived from living
matter of a previous geologic time.
Fossil Fuel (DOE)
Any naturally occurring organic fuel, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Fossil-Fuel Plant (DOE)
A plant using coal, petroleum, or gas as its source of energy.
Frost Line (WAPTAC)
The maximum depth of the soil where water will freeze during the coldest weather
Fuel (BECP)
A material that may be used to produce heat or generate power by combustion.
Fuel (DOE)
Any substance that can be burned to produce heat; also, materials that can be fissioned in a
chain reaction to produce heat.
Fuel Expenses (DOE)
These costs include the fuel used in the production of steam or driving another prime mover for
the generation of electricity. Other associated expenses include unloading the shipped fuel
and all handling of the fuel up to the point where it enters the first bunker, hopper, bucket,
tank, or holder in the boiler house structure.
Fuel Fired Furnace (BECP)
A self-contained, indirect-fired furnace that supplies heated air through ducts to spaces that require
it.
Furnace (WAPTAC)
An appliance for heating a medium to distribute heat throughout the dwelling unit.
Gable (WAPTAC)
The triangular section of an end wall formed by the pitch of the roof.
Gas (DOE)
A fuel burned under boilers and by internal combustion engines for electric generation. These
include natural, manufactured, and waste gas.
Gas Heating System (WAPTAC)
A heating system that uses natural gas or bottled liquid propane gas as fuel.
Gasket (WAPTAC)
Elastic strip that seals a joint between two materials.
Gas Turbine Plant (DOE)
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A plant in which the prime mover is a gas turbine. A gas turbine consists typically of an axial-flow
air compressor, one or more combustion chambers, where liquid or gaseous fuel is burned
and the hot gases are passed to the turbine and where the hot gases expand to drive the
generator and are then used to run the compressor.
General Lighting (BECP)
Lighting that provides a substantially uniform level of illumination throughout an area. General
lighting shall not include decorative lighting or lighting that provides a dissimilar level of illumination
to serve a specialized application or feature within an area.
General Service Lamp (BECP)
A class of incandescent lamps that provide light in virtually all directions. General service lamps are
typically characterized by bulb shapes such as A, standard; S, straight side; F, flame; G, globe; and
PS, pear straight.
Generally Accepted Engineering Standard (BECP)
A specification, rule, guide, or procedure in the field of engineering, or related thereto, recognized
and accepted as authoritative.
Generating Unit (DOE)
Any combination of physically connected generator(s), reactor(s), boiler(s), combustion
turbine(s), or other prime mover(s) operated together to produce electric power.
Generation (Electricity) (DOE)
The process of producing electric energy by transforming other forms of energy; also, the
amount of electric energy produced, expressed in watt-hours (Wh).
Generation, Net (DOE)
Gross generation less the electric energy consumed at the generating station for station use.
Generator (DOE)
A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Generator Nameplate Capacity (DOE)
The full-load continuous rating of a generator, prime mover, or other electric power production
equipment under specific conditions as designated by the manufacturer. Installed generator
nameplate rating is usually indicated on a nameplate physically attached to the generator.
Geothermal Plant (DOE)
A plant in which the prime mover is a steam turbine. The turbine is driven either by steam
produced from hot water or by natural steam that derives its energy from heat found in
rocks or fluids at various depths beneath the surface of the earth. The energy is extracted by
drilling and/or pumping.
Glass Load Factor (WAPTAC)
A number combining glass's solar heat transmission and its heat conduction. Used for cooling load
calculations.
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Glazed Wall System (BECP)
A category of site-assembled fenestration products, which includes, but is not limited to, curtain
walls and solariums.
Glazing (BECP)
Any translucent or transparent material in exterior openings of buildings, including windows,
skylights, sliding doors, the glass area of opaque doors, and glass block.
Glazing (WAPTAC)
Glass installation. Pertaining to glass assemblies or windows
Glazing Area (BECP)
The area of a glazing assembly is the interior surface area of the entire assembly, including glazing,
sash, curbing, and other framing elements. The nominal area or rough opening is also acceptable for
flat windows and doors.
Glazing U-Factor (BECP)
Based on the interior-surface area of the entire assembly, including glazing, sash, curbing, and other
framing elements. Center-of-glass U-factors cannot be used.
Grade (BECP)
The finished ground level adjoining a building at all exterior walls.
Gravity Flush Toilet (EERE)
A toilet designed with a rubber stopper that releases stored water from the toilet’s tank. Gravity
flow water then fills the bowl and carries the waste out of the bowl, through the trap and
into the sewer.
Gravity Furnace (WAPTAC)
A central heating system that uses natural gravity to distribute heat throughout the dwelling unit as
opposed to forced circulation, pumps, or circulation blowers.
Graywater (EERE)
Used water discharged by sinks, showers, bathtubs, clothes washing machines, and the like.
Greenhouse Effect (DOE)
The increasing mean global surface temperature of the earth caused by gases in the atmosphere
(including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and chlorofluorocarbon). The
greenhouse effect allows solar radiation to penetrate but absorbs the infrared radiation
returning to space.
Greenhouse Gases (DOE)
Those gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, hydrofluorocarbons
(HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride, that are transparent to solar (short-wave)
radiation but opaque to long-wave (infrared) radiation, thus preventing long-wave radiant energy
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from leaving Earth's atmosphere. The net effect is a trapping of absorbed radiation and a tendency
to warm the planet's surface.
Grid (DOE)
The layout of an electrical distribution system.
Gross Floor Area (BECP)
The sum of the floor areas of the spaces within the building including basements, mezzanine and
intermediate-floored tiers, and penthouses with headroom height of 7.5 ft or greater. It is measured
from the exterior faces of exterior walls or from the centerline of walls separating buildings, but it
excludes covered walkways, open roofed-over areas, porches and similar spaces, pipe trenches,
exterior terraces or steps, chimneys, roof overhangs, and similar features.
Gross Generation (DOE)
The total amount of electric energy produced by the generating units at a generating station or
stations, measured at the generator terminals.
Gross Square Feet (EERE)
The total number of square feet contained in a building envelope using the floors as area to be
measured.
Gross Wall Area (BECP)
The gross wall area includes the opaque area of above-grade walls, the opaque area of any
individual wall of a conditioned basement less than 50% below grade (including the below-grade
portions), all windows and doors (including windows and doors of conditioned basements), and the
peripheral edges of floors.
Gross Window Area (BECP)
Includes the rough-opening area of the window, not just the transparent-glass area.
Gusset (WAPTAC)
A metal or wood plate added to the surface of a joint to strengthen the connection.
Gutter (BECP)
The space available for wiring inside panel boards and other electric panels; a separate wireway
used to supplement wiring spaces in electric panels.
Gypsum Board (WAPTAC)
A common interior sheeting material for walls and ceilings made of gypsum rock powder packaged
between two sheets of heavy building paper. Also called sheetrock, gyprock, or gypboard.
Handicapped Person (WAPTAC)
Any individual who is: 1) handicapped as defined in Section 7 (6) of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; 2)
under a disability as defined in Section 1614 (1) (3) (A) or 223 (d) (i) of the Developmental
Disabilities Services and Facilities Construction Act; or 3) who is receiving benefits under Chapter 11
or 15 of Title 38, U.S.C. Other conditions may apply state to state, which can deem an individual as
handicapped for the purposes of the WAP.
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Harmonics (BECP)
Voltages and currents at frequencies other than 60 Hz (or 50 Hz where applicable) that cause
heating and other detrimental effects in the power system.
HDD - Heating Degree Day(s) (WAPTAC)
The number of degrees per day that the daily average temperature (the mean of the maximum and
minimum recorded temperatures) is below a base temperature, usually 65 degrees Fahrenheit,
unless otherwise specified; used to determine indoor space heating requirements and heating
system sizing. Total HDD is the cumulative total for the year/heating season. The higher the HDD for
a location, the colder the daily average temperature(s).
Heat Anticipator (WAPTAC)
A very small electric heater in a thermostat that causes the thermostat to turn off before room
temperature reaches the thermostat setting, so that the house does not overheat from heat
remaining in the furnace and ducts after the burner shuts off.
Heat Capacity (BECP)
The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of a given mass 1 degree F. Numerically, the
sum of the products of the mass per unit area of each individual material in the roof, wall, or floor
surface multiplied by its individual specific heat.
Heat Capacity (WAPTAC)
The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 cubic foot of a material 1 degree F.
Heat Gain (EERE)
As applied to HVAC calculations, it is that amount of heat gained by space from all sources
including people, lights, machines, sunshine, etc. The total heat gain represents the amount
of heat that must be removed from a space to maintain indoor comfort conditions. This is
usually expressed in Btu’s per hour.
Heat Gains (WAPTAC)
Term used to mean unwanted heat that accumulates in homes, making mechanical cooling desirable
or necessary.
Heat Loss (EERE)
The heat loss from a building when the outdoor temperature is lower than the desired indoor
temperature it represents the amount of heat that must be provided to a space to maintain
indoor comfort conditions. This is usually expressed in Btu/hour.
Heat Loss (WAPTAC)
The amount of heat escaping through the building shell as measured for a specific period of time
(month, year, etc.)
Heat Pump (BECP)
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One or more factory-made assemblies which include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s) and
outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger, including means to provide both heating and
cooling functions.
Heat Pump (EERE)
A refrigeration machine possessing the capability of reversing the flow so that its output can be
either heating or cooling. When used for heating, it extracts heat from a low temperature
source.
Heat Rise (WAPTAC)
The number of degrees of temperature increase that air is heated as it is blown over the heat
exchanger. Heat Rise equals supply temperature minus return temperature.
Heat Trace (BECP)
A heating system where the externally applied heat source follows (traces) the object to be heated,
e.g., water piping.
Heat Transmission (WAPTAC)
Heat flow through the walls, floor, and ceiling of a building, not including air leakage.
Heat Transfer Coefficient (WAPTAC)
See U-value.
Heat Transmission Coefficient (EERE)
Any one of a number of coefficients used in the calculation of heat
transmission by conduction, convection, and radiation through various materials and structures.
Heat Traps (BECP)
Devices or piping arrangements that effectively restrict the natural tendency of hot water to rise in
vertical pipes during standby periods. Examples are the U-shaped arrangement of elbows or a 360degree loop of tubing.
Heated Slab (BECP)
Slab-on-grade construction in which the heating elements or hot air distribution system is in contact
with or placed within the slab or the subgrade.
Heated Space (BECP)
Space within a building that is provided with a positive heat supply (see "Positive Heat Supply").
Finished living space within a basement with registers or heating devices designed to supply heat to
a basement space shall automatically define that space as heated space.
Heating Degree Days (HDD) (BECP)
A unit, based upon temperature difference and time, used in estimating fuel consumption and
specifying nominal heating load of a building in winter. For any one day, when the mean
temperature is less than 65 degrees F (18 degrees C), there exists as many degree days as there are
Fahrenheit degrees difference in temperature between the mean temperature for the day and 65
degrees F (18 degrees C).
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Heating Degree Day (WAPTAC)
Each degree that the average daily temperature is below the base temperature (usually 65 degrees
F) constitutes one heating degree day.
Heating Degree Day Base 65F (HDD65) (BECP)
For any one day, when the mean temperature is less than 65 degrees F, there are as many degree
days as degrees Fahrenheit temperature difference between the mean temperature for the day and
65 degrees F. Annual heating degree days (HDDS) are the sum of the degree days over a calendar
year.
Heating Load (WAPTAC)
The maximum rate of heat conversion needed by a building during the very coldest weather.
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) (BECP)
The total heating output of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating, in Btu,
divided by the total electric energy input during the same period, in watt hours, as determined by
DOE 10 CFR Part 430, Subpart B, Test Procedures, and based on Region 4. Heat pump heating is
expressed in terms of HSPF. New equipment ranges from about 6.8 to 10.0 HSPF. Higher HSPF
ratings indicate more efficient equipment.
Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) (WAPTAC)
Rating for heat pumps describing how many Btus they transfer per kilowatt-hour of electricity
consumed.
Heating System (DOE)
Energy Efficiency program promotion aimed at improving the efficiency of the heating delivery
system, including replacement, in the residential, commercial, or industrial sectors.
HERS - Home Energy Rating Systems (WAPTAC)
A nationally recognized energy rating program that give builders, mortgage lenders, secondary
lending markets, homeowners, sellers, and buyers a precise evaluation of energy losing deficiencies
in homes. Builders can use this system to gauge the energy quality in their home and also to have a
star rating on their home to compare to other similarly built homes.
HID (BECP)
High-intensity discharge.
High-Intensity Discharge Lamp (HID lamp) (BECP)
An electric discharge lamp in that light is produced when an electric arc is discharged through a
vaporized metal such as mercury or sodium. Some HID lamps may also have a phosphor coating that
contributes to the light produced or enhances the light color.
High-Rise Residential Building (BECP)
Hotels, motels, apartments, condominiums, dormitories, and other residential-type facilities that
provide complete housekeeping or transient living quarters and are over three stories in height
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above grade. Hotels, motels, and other buildings with itinerant occupancies are covered by the
"commercial" code regardless of height.
High Limit (WAPTAC)
A bimetal thermostat that turns the heating element of a furnace off if it senses a dangerously high
temperature.
Historic (BECP)
A building or space that has been specifically designated as historically significant by the adopting
authority, is listed in "The National Register of Historic Places," or has been determined to be eligible
for listing by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior.
Home Heating Index (WAPTAC)
The number of Btus of energy used by a home divided by its area in square feet, then divided by the
number of heating degree days during the time period.
HOME Program (WAPTAC)
A program created under Title II (the Home Investment Partnership Act) of the National Affordable
Housing Act of 1990. Provides funds for states to expand the supply of decent and affordable
housing for low-income people. This program can be easily coordinated with a state's WAP efforts.
Horsepower (hp) (EERE)
British unit of power, 1 Hp = 746 watts or 42,408 Btu’s per minute.
Hot Deck (EERE)
A hot air chamber forming part of a multi-zone or dual duct air handling unit.
Hot Water Supply Boiler (BECP)
A boiler used to heat water for purposes other than space heating.
Hourly Non-Firm Transmission Service (DOE)
Point-to-point transmission that is scheduled and paid for on an as-available basis and is subject
to interruption.
House, “Typical” U.S. Existing (ES)
http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=home_sealing.hm_improvement_methodology
The Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) indicates that a large block of existing U.S.
housing stock was constructed between 1975 and 1985, just after the 1973 oil embargo, when there
was a new increased awareness of energy use in homes. As a result, EPA based its modeling around
the common construction characteristics of homes built in this era as a proxy for a 'typical' existing
U.S. home.
Construction characteristics for the 1975–85 era were determined based on a review of RECS data
from the U.S. Department of Energy, 1997 EDS (Energy Data Sourcebook for the U.S. Residential
Sector and earlier versions) data from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and other supporting
data, including anecdotal experience of ENERGY STAR staff and stakeholders. Based on these
sources, EPA assumed the following characteristics for a house from the 1975–85 era:
 1,500 square feet of conditioned floor area;
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



14% window-to-floor-area ratio;
20% duct leakage to the outside;
three bedrooms; and
"stick" construction (wooden studs, joists and rafters), with batt insulation in walls and
blown insulation in attics.
Geographic climate factors, regional construction styles (e.g., basement, crawl space or slab-ongrade), and fuel type characteristics (e.g., natural gas or electricity) were then proportionally
weighted; and estimated energy use calculated for "typical" composite houses in two climates that
represented a weighted average for a Northern and a Southern home.
Household (WAPTAC)
Any individual or group of individuals who are living together as one economic unit for whom
residential energy is customarily purchased in common or who make undesignated payments for
energy in the form of rent.
House Pressure (WAPTAC)
The difference in pressure between the indoors and outdoors measured by a manometer.
HUD (BECP)
The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.
HUD (WAPTAC)
U.S. Department of Urban Housing and Development
Humidistat (BECP)
A regulatory device, actuated by changes in humidity, used for automatic control of relative
humidity.
Humidistat (WAPTAC)
An automatic control that switches a fan, humidifier, or dehumidifier on and off to control relative
humidity.
Humidity Ratio (WAPTAC)
Same as "absolute humidity." The absolute amount of air's humidity measured in pounds of water
vapor per pound of dry air.
Humidity, Relative (EERE)
A measurement indicating the moisture content of the air.
HVAC (BECP)
Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning.
HVAC (WAPTAC)
Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning System
All components of the appliances used to condition interior air of a building.
HVAC System (BECP)
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The equipment, distribution network, and terminals that provide either collectively or individually
the processes of heating, ventilating, or air conditioning to a building.
HVAC Zone (BECP)
A space or group of spaces within a building with heating and cooling requirements that are
sufficiently similar so that desired conditions (e.g., temperature) can be maintained throughout
using a single sensor (e.g., thermostat or temperature sensor).
Hydronic (Waptac)
A heating system that uses hot water or steam as the heat-transfer fluid.
IAQ (EERE)
Indoor Air Quality.
IAQ - Indoor Air Quality (WAPTAC)
The quality of indoor air relative to its acceptability for healthful human habitation. Assessing and
ameliorating, when necessary, the quality of indoor air is a major concern of the weatherization
process. In particular, all by-products of major combustion appliances must be directly evacuated to
the outdoors under all operating conditions.
ICAA (BECP)
Insulation Contractors Association of America.
ICBO (BECP)
The International Conference of Building Officials.
ICC (BECP)
The International Code Council.
IECC (BECP)
The International Energy Conservation Code formerly known as the MEC. The IECC was published in
1998, 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009.
IEEE (BECP)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
IEQ (EERE)
Indoor Environmental Quality.
IESNA (BECP)
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
IMC (BECP)
International Mechanical Code.
Illumination (WAPTAC)
The light level measured on a horizontal plane in Foot Candles
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Incandescent Lamp (BECP)
A lamp in which light is produced by a filament heated to incandescence by an electric current.
Inch of Water (WAPTAC)
Small air pressure differences caused by wind, blower doors, furnace fans, and chimneys are
measured in inches of water (in.-H2O) in the American measurement system.
Incidental Repairs (WAPTAC)
Under DOE rules, this term refers to the repairs on a dwelling unit necessary for the effective
performance or preservation of the allowable energy conservation measures to be installed. Usually,
a specific dollar amount is set by a state to limit such incidental repairs.
Indirectly Conditioned Space (BECP)
An enclosed space within a building that is not a heated or cooled space, whose area-weighted heat
transfer coefficient to heated or cooled spaces exceeds that to the outdoors or to unconditioned
spaces; or through which air from heated or cooled spaces is transferred at a rate exceeding three
air changes per hour. (Also see Heated Space, Cooled Space, and Unconditioned Space.)
Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) (WAPTAC)
Refers to the measurement of air quality in the living space of the home. Pollutants can exist within
a home, and WAP staff must be aware of the impact their work has on the quality of the
atmosphere within the living space. The presence of pollutants, combined with inadequate
ventilation factors, can contribute to a variety of occupant health and safety problems. Therefore,
IAQ is a primary concern when workers seal or "tighten" homes.
Industrial (DOE)
The industrial sector is generally defined as manufacturing, construction, mining, agriculture,
fishing, and forestry establishments (Standard Industrial Classification [SIC] codes 01-39).
The utility may classify industrial service using the SIC codes, or based on demand or annual
usage exceeding some specified limit. The limit may be set by the utility based on the rate
schedule of the utility.
Infiltration (BECP)
The uncontrolled inward air leakage through cracks and interstices in any building element and
around windows and doors of a building caused by the pressure effects of wind or the effect of
differences in the indoor and outdoor air density or both.
Infiltration (EERE)
The process by which outdoor air leaks into a building by natural forces through cracks around
doors and windows.
Infiltration (WAPTAC)
Infiltration refers to the movement of air into a building through cracks and penetrations in the
building envelope. Cold air often enters the structure due to depressurization, exfiltration, wind,
stack effect, and/or convective airflow.
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Infrared Thermography (WAPTAC)
The science of using infrared imaging to detect radiant energy or heat loss characteristics of a
building. The infrared camera or scanner electronically senses heat radiated by objects and converts
that thermal energy into images visible to the human eye. The camera or scanner, similar to a
camcorder in appearance, produces varying shades of black and white images of the building
structure. The darker the image, the colder the corresponding surface; the lighter areas are the
hotter surfaces. Some scanners can automatically record these images on video, as well as allow the
operator to record audio commentary as he/she scans the building. A certain degree of
interpretation skill is required to properly assess the images being recorded. Used in conjunction
with a blower door, the scanner can provide valuable data, since the pressurization or
depressurization can magnify air leakage sites and thermal bypasses.
In-Kind Contributions (WAPTAC)
In-kind contributions represent the value of non-cash contributions provided by the grantee, and
non-Federal parties. In-kind contributions may be in the form of charges for real property and nonexpendable personal property and the value of goods and services directly benefiting and
specifically identifiable to the project or program.
Input Rating (WAPTAC)
The measured and assigned rating indicating the level at which an energy-using device consumes
electricity or fossil fuel.
Insolation (WAPTAC)
The amount of solar radiation striking a surface
Installed Interior Lighting Power (BECP)
The power in watts of all permanently installed general, task, and furniture lighting systems and
luminaires.
Insulated Glass (WAPTAC)
Two or more glass panes installed in windows and doors, spaced apart and sealed in a factory.
Insulated Sheathing (BECP)
An insulating board having a minimum thermal resistance of R-2 of the core material.
Insulation R-Values (BECP)
R-values are used to rate insulation and are a measurement of the insulation''s resistance to heat
flow. The higher the R-value, the better the insulation.
Integrated-Control Economizers (BECP)
Allows the cooling load of a building or space to be partially met by supplying outside air while the
rest of the load is met by the refrigeration equipment within an HVAC system. Field- and factoryinstalled economizers supplied by major equipment manufacturers include integrated controls.
Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV) (BECP)
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A single-number figure of merit based on part-load EER, COP, or kW/ton expressing part-load
efficiency for air-conditioning and heat pump equipment on the basis of weighted operation at
various load capacities for the equipment.
Interior Lighting Controls (BECP)
Offer the ability for systems to be turned on and off either manually or automatically and include
switches, time clocks, occupancy sensors, and other devices that regulate a lighting system.
Interior Lighting Power Allowance (BECP)
The maximum lighting power in watts allowed for the interior of a building.
Interior Walls (BECP)
Interior walls covered by Section 802.2.9 are those walls not on the exterior of the building and that
separate conditioned and unconditioned space.
Intermittent Ignition Device (WAPTAC)
A device that lights the pilot on a gas appliance when the control system calls for heat, thus saving
the energy wasted by a standing pilot.
Intermediate Zone (WAPTAC)
A zone located between the building's conditioned space and the outdoors, like a crawl space or
attic.
Internal Combustion Plant (DOE)
A plant in which the prime mover is an internal combustion engine. An internal combustion
engine has one or more cylinders in which the process of combustion takes place,
converting energy released from the rapid burning of a fuel-air mixture into mechanical
energy. Diesel or gas-fired engines are the principal types used in electric plants. The plant is
usually operated during periods of high demand for electricity.
Internal Gains (WAPTAC)
The heat generated by bathing, cooking, and operating appliances, that must be removed during the
summer to promote comfort.
International Foundation Class (IFC) (BECP)
An object-oriented file format with a data model developed to facilitate interoperability in the
building industry.
Interruptible Gas (DOE)
Gas sold to customers with a provision that permits curtailment or cessation of service at the
discretion of the distributing company under certain circumstances, as specified in the
service contract.
Interruptible Load (DOE)
Refers to program activities that, in accordance with contractual arrangements, can interrupt
consumer load at times of seasonal peak load by direct control of the utility system operator or by
action of the consumer at the direct request of the system operator. It usually involves commercial
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and industrial consumers. In some instances the load reduction may be affected by direct action of
the system operator (remote tripping) after notice to the consumer in accordance with contractual
provisions. For example, loads that can be interrupted to fulfill planning or operation reserve
requirements should be reported as Interruptible Load. Interruptible Load as defined here excludes
Direct Load Control and Other Load Management. (Interruptible Load, as reported here, is
synonymous with Interruptible Demand reported to the North American Electric Reliability Council
on the voluntary Office of Energy Emergency Operations Form OE-411, "Coordinated Regional Bulk
Power Supply Program Report," with the exception that annual peak load effects are reported on
the Form EIA-861 and seasonal (i.e., summer and winter) peak load effects are reported on the OE411).
Isolation Devices (BECP)
Devices that isolate HVAC zones so that they can be operated independently of one another.
Isolation devices include, but are not limited to, separate systems, isolation dampers, and controls
providing shutoff at terminal boxes.
Jamb (WAPTAC)
The side or top piece of a window or door frame.
Joist (WAPTAC)
A horizontal wood framing member that supports a floor or ceiling.
K (BECP)
Kelvin.
kg (BECP)
Kilogram.
Kilovolt-Ampere (KVA) (BECP)
Where the term "kilovolt-ampere" (KVA) is used, it is the product of the line current (amperes) times
the nominal system voltage (kilovolts) times 1.732 for three-phase currents. For single-phase
applications, KVA is the product of the line current (amperes) times the nominal system voltage
(kilovolts).
Kilowatt (KW) (BECP)
The basic unit of electric power, equal to 1000 W.
Kilowatt (kW) (DOE)
One thousand watts.
Kilowatt (WAPTAC)
A unit of electric power equal to 1000 joules per second or 3412 Btus per hour.
Kilowatt-hour (kWh) (DOE)
One thousand watt-hours.
Kilowatt-hour (WAPTAC)
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A unit of electric energy equal to 3600 kilojoules.
kWh (BECP)
Kilowatt-hour.
Labeled (BECP)
Devices, equipment, appliances, assemblies, or materials to which have been affixed a label, seal,
symbol, or other identifying mark of a nationally recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, or
other organization concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of the
production of the above-labeled items and by whose label the manufacturer attests to compliance
with applicable nationally recognized standards.
Lamp (BECP)
A generic term for a man-made light source often called a bulb or tube.
Landlord/Tenant Agreement (WAPTAC)
Document required for completed application when applicant is a renter. The Agreement is legally
binding contract, signed by the tenant, the landlord (or property owner), and the local agency
specifying the role and responsibilities of each party. The basic goal of the WAP is to ensure that the
benefits of the program accrue to the low-income family. A variety of standard clauses can be
incorporated into the Agreement, including clauses on landlord's inability to raise rents for specified
period of time, eviction prohibition, and landlord required "participation." Participation can take the
form of actual cash, provided labor, and/or in-kind contributions.
Latent Heat (EERE)
The quantity of heat required to effect a change in state of a substance.
lb (BECP)
Pound.
Leakage Ratio (WAPTAC)
Measurement of total square inches of infiltration area per 100 feet of building envelope surface
area.
Leverage Activity (WAPTAC)
The actions of the state and local agencies to obtain and account for resources provided to
supplement or supplant federal funding being used to weatherize dwelling units.
Liability (DOE)
An amount payable in dollars or by future services to be rendered.
Life Cycle Cost (EERE)
The cost of the equipment over its entire life including operating costs, maintenance costs, and
initial cost.
Lighting Power Density (LPD) (BECP)
The maximum lighting power per unit area of a building classification or space function.
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Lighting System (BECP)
A group of luminaires circuited or controlled to perform a specific function.
Liquid-Immersed Transformer (BECP)
A transformer in which the core and coils are immersed in an insulating liquid.
Listed (BECP)
Equipment, appliances, assemblies, or materials included in a list published by a nationally
recognized testing laboratory, inspection agency, or other organization concerned with product
evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment, appliances,
assemblies, or material, and whose listing states either that the equipment, appliances, assemblies,
or material meets nationally recognized standards or has been tested and found suitable for use in a
specified manner.
Load (Electric) (DOE)
The amount of electric power delivered or required at any specific point or points on a system.
The requirement originates at the energy consuming equipment of the consumers.
Load Profile (EERE)
Time distribution of building heating, cooling, and electrical load.
Local Agency (WAPTAC)
Also referred to as the subgrantee, contractor, service delivery network member, or local service
provider, a local agency is a nonprofit organization or unit of local government responsible for
providing WAP services in a specified political subdivision.
Longitudinal Seam (BECP)
A duct seam that is parallel to the direction of air flow.
Low-E (WAPTAC)
Short for "low emissivity", which means the characteristic of a metallic glass coating to resist the
flow of radiant heat.
Low Flow Toilet (EERE)
A toilet that uses 3.5 gallons of water per flush.
Low-Rise Residential (BECP)
Single-family houses, multi-family structures with three stories or fewer above grade and
manufactured houses (modular and mobile homes).
Low Voltage Lighting (BECP)
Lighting equipment that is powered through a transformer such as a cable conductor, a rail
conductor, or track lighting.
Low Water Cutoff (WAPTAC)
A float-operated control for turning the burner off if a steam boiler is low on water.
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Lumen (EERE)
Unit of measurement of rate of light flow.
Lumen (WAPTAC)
A unit of light output from a lamp.
Luminaire (BECP)
A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps, along with the parts designed to distribute
the light, hold the lamps, and connect the lamps to a power source. Also called a fixture.
Luminaire (EERE)
Light fixture designed to produce a specific effect.
Makeup (EERE)
Water supplied to a system to replace that lost by blowdown, leakage, evaporation, etc. Air
supplied to a system to provide for combustion and/or ventilation.
Make-up Air (WAPTAC)
Air supplied to a space to replace exhausted air.
Manometer (WAPTAC)
Measuring device for small gas pressures.
Manual (Nonautomatic) (BECP)
Requiring personal intervention for control. Nonautomatic does not necessarily imply a manual
controller, only that personal intervention is necessary.
Manufacturer (BECP)
The company engaged in the original production and assembly of products or equipment, or a
company that purchases such products and equipment manufactured in accordance with company
specifications.
Marked (Nameplate) Rating (BECP)
The design load operating conditions of a device as shown by the manufacturer on the nameplate or
otherwise marked on the device.
Mass Wall (BECP)
A wall with a heat capacity exceeding (1) 7Btu/ft2 or (2) 5 Btu/ft2 x F provided that the wall has a
material unit weight not greater than 120 lb/ft3.
Mastic (WAPTAC)
A thick creamy substance used to seal seams and cracks in building materials.
Mcf (DOE)
One thousand cubic feet.
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Mean Temperature (BECP)
One-half the sum of the minimum daily temperature and maximum daily temperature.
Mechanical Cooling (BECP)
Reducing the temperature of a gas or liquid by using vapor compression, absorption, desiccant
dehumidification combined with evaporative cooling, or another energy-driven thermodynamic
cycle. Indirect or direct evaporative cooling alone is not considered mechanical cooling.
Mechanical System (BECP)
The system and equipment used to provide heating, ventilating, and air conditioning functions as
well as additional functions not related to space conditioning, such as, but not limited to, freeze
protection in fire protection systems and water heating.
MEEA (BECP)
Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance
Megawatt (MW) (DOE)
One million watts.
Megawatthour (MWh) (DOE)
One million watt-hours.
Metal Building (BECP)
A complete, integrated set of mutually-dependent components and assemblies that form a building
consisting of a steel-framed superstructure and metal skin.
Metal Building Roof (BECP)
A roof that (a) is constructed with a metal, structural, and weathering surface, (b) has no ventilated
cavity, and (c) has the insulation entirely below deck (i.e., includes neither a composite concrete and
metal deck construction nor a roof framing system that is separated from the superstructure by a
wood substrate), and whose structure consists of one or more of the following configurations: (1)
metal roofing in direct contact with the steel framing members, (2) insulation between the metal
roofing and the steel framing members, or (3) insulated metal roofing panels installed as described
in 1 or 2.
Metal Building Wall (BECP)
A wall whose structure consists of metal spanning members supported by steel structural members
(i.e., does not include spandrel glass or metal panels in curtain wall systems).
Metal Halide Lamps (BECP)
A type of high intensity discharge (HID) lamp in which most of the light is produced by radiation of
metal halide and mercury vapors in the arc tube. Available in clear and phosphor-coated lamps.
Metering (BECP)
Instruments that measure electric voltage, current, power, etc.
MHEA - Mobile Home Energy Audit (WAPTAC)
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A software tool that predicts manufactured home energy consumption and recommends
weatherization retrofit measures.
MICA (BECP)
Midwest Insulation Contractors Association.
Mitigate (WAPTAC)
To make less severe or to mollify.
MMcf (DOE)
One million cubic feet.
Model Energy Code (MEC) (BECP)
The Model Energy Code. The MEC was first published in 1983, with subsequent full editions
published in 1986, 1989, 1992, 1993, and 1995. The MEC became the IECC, first published in 1998.
Modular (EERE)
System arrangement whereby the demand for energy (heating, cooling) is met by a series
of units sized to meet a portion of the load.
Mortar (WAPTAC)
A mixture of sand, water, and cement used to bond bricks, stones, or blocks together.
Mortise (WAPTAC)
A recessed area cut into the wood framing member where a hinge or wood tongue fits.
Motor Power Rated (BECP)
The rated output power from the motor.
Multifamily (BECP)
A multifamily building is a residential building three stories or fewer in height that contains three or
more attached dwelling units. Multifamily buildings include apartments, condominiums,
townhouses, and rowhouses. Hotels and motels are considered commercial rather than residential
buildings.
NAECA (BECP)
The National Appliance Energy Conservation Act of 1987, 42 USC 6291 et seq., as amended, Public
Law 100-12.
NAGDM (BECP)
National Association of Garage Door Manufacturers.
NASCSP - National Association for State Community Services Programs (WAPTAC)
NASCSP's mission is to assist state in responding to poverty issues. NASCSP members are state
administrators of the Community Services Block Grant (CSBG) and U.S. Department of Energy's
Weatherization Assistance Program (DOE/WAP). The CSBG, administered by the states, provides
core funding to local agencies to reduce poverty, revitalize low-income communities and to
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empower low-income families to become self-sufficient. The DOE/WAP helps low-income families
reduce their energy costs by making homes more energy efficient. The local agencies funded by
these programs provide a wide range of services such as weatherization, energy assistance, child
care, job training, and housing. NASCSP keeps its members, the federal government, and other
interested parties informed about issues related to CSBG and DOE/WAP through its publications.
Native Load Customers (DOE)
The wholesale and retail customers on whose behalf the Transmission Provider, by statute,
franchise, regulatory requirements, or contract, has undertaken an obligation to construct
and operate the Transmission Provider’s system to meet the reliable electric needs of such
customers.
Natural Gas (DOE)
A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon and nonhydrocarbon gases found in porous
geological formations beneath the earth’s surface, often in association with petroleum. The
principal constituent is methane.
Natural Ventilation (WAPTAC)
Ventilation using only natural air movement without fans or other mechanical devices.
NCSBCS (BECP)
The National Conference of States on Building Codes and Standards.
NEAT - National Energy Audit (WAPTAC)
Created by Oak Ridge National Laboratories as a DOE approved audit qualifying for the 40%
materials waiver. It is a computerized auditing tool for prioritizing energy conservation measures for
houses.
NEEA (BECP)
Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance.
NEEP (BECP)
Northeast Energy Efficiency Partnerships.
Net Capability (DOE)
The maximum load carrying ability of the equipment, exclusive of station use, under specified
conditions for a given time interval, independent of the characteristics of the load.
(Capability is determined by design characteristics, physical conditions, adequacy of prime
mover, energy supply, and operating limitations as cooling and circulating water supply and
temperature, headwater and tailwater elevations, and electrical use.)
Net Free Area (WAPTAC)
The area of a vent after that area has been adjusted for insect screen, louvers, and weather
covering. The free area is always less than the actual area.
Net Generation (DOE)
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Gross generation minus plant use from all electric utility owned plants. The energy required for
pumping at a pumped storage plant is regarded as plant use and must be deducted from the
gross generation.
Net Summer Capability (DOE)
The steady hourly output, which generating equipment is expected to supply to system load
exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by tests at the time of summer peak load.
Net Wall Area (BECP)
The net wall area includes the opaque wall area of all above-grade walls enclosing conditioned
spaces, the opaque area of conditioned basement walls less than 50% below grade (including the
below-grade portions), and peripheral edges of floors. The net wall area does not include windows,
doors, or other such openings, as they are treated separately.
Net Winter Capability (DOE)
The steady hourly output which generating equipment is expected to supply to system load
exclusive of auxiliary power, as demonstrated by tests at the time of winter peak load.
Network Customers (DOE)
Entities receiving transmission service pursuant to the terms of the Transmission Provider’s
Network Integration Tariff.
Network Integration Transmission Service (DOE)
Network Integration Transmission Service allows a Transmission Customer to integrate, plan,
economically dispatch, and regulate its Network Resources to serve its Network Load in a manner
comparable to that in which the Transmission Provider utilizes its Transmission System to serve its
Native Load customers. Network Integration Transmission Service also may be used by the
Transmission Customer to deliver non-firm energy purchases to its Network Load without additional
charge.
Network Load (DOE)
The designated load of a Transmission Customer, including the entire load of all Member
Systems designated pursuant to Section 6.0. A Transmission Customer’s Network Load shall
not be reduced to reflect any portion of such load served by the output of any generating
facilities owned, or generation purchased, by the Transmission Customer or its Member
Systems.
NFPA (BECP)
National Fire Protection Association.
NFRC (BECP)
National Fenestration Rating Council.
Noncoincidental Peak Load (DOE)
The sum of two or more peak loads on individual systems that do not occur in the same time
interval. Meaningful only when considering loads within a limited period of time, such as a
day, week, month, a heating or cooling season, and usually for not more than one year.
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Non-Firm Power (DOE)
Power or power producing capacity supplied or available under a commitment having limited or
no assured availability.
Non-Firm Transmission Service (DOE)
Point-to-point transmission service that is reserved and/or scheduled on an as-available basis
and is subject to interruption. Non-firm Transmission Service is available on a stand-alone
basis as either Hourly Non-firm Transmission Service or Short-Term Non-firm Transmission
Service.
Non-Recirculating System (BECP)
A domestic or service hot water distribution system that is not a recirculating system.
Non-Renewable Energy (BECP)
Energy derived from a fossil fuel source.
Non-Residential (BECP)
All occupancies other than residential.
Non-Standard Part Load Value (NPLV) (BECP)
A single-number, part-load efficiency figure of merit calculated and referenced to conditions other
than IPLV conditions, for units that are not designed to operate at ARI Standard Rating Conditions.
North-Oriented (BECP)
Facing within 45 degrees of true north (northern hemisphere).
Nozzle (WAPTAC)
An orifice for spraying a liquid like fuel oil.
NPLV (BECP)
Non-standard part load value.
NWWDA (BECP)
National Wood Window and Door Association.
Occupancy Type (BECP)
The type of activity occurring within a building.
Occupant Sensing Device (BECP)
A device that detects the presence or absence of people within an area and causes any combination
of lighting, equipment, or appliances to be adjusted accordingly.
Occupant Sensor (BECP)
A device that detects the presence or absence of people within an area and causes lighting,
equipment, or appliances to be regulated accordingly.
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Off-Peak Gas (DOE)
Gas that is to be delivered and taken on demand when demand is not at its peak.
Ohm (DOE)
The unit of measurement of electrical resistance. The resistance of a circuit in which a potential
difference of 1 volt produces a current of 1 ampere.
Oil Heating System (WAPTAC)
Refers to a central heating system that uses #2 fuel oil, kerosene, or residual oil as the primary fuel
for heat generation.
Opaque (BECP)
All areas in the building envelope, except fenestration and building service openings such as vents
and grilles.
Opaque Areas (BECP)
Opaque areas include all areas of the building envelope except openings for windows, skylights,
doors, and building service systems. For example, although solid wood and metal doors are opaque,
they should not be included as part of the opaque wall area (also referred to as the net wall area).
Open-Combustion Heater (WAPTAC)
A heating device that takes its combustion air from the surrounding room air.
Operational Performance Requirements (BECP)
A written document that details the functional requirements of a project and the expectations of
how it will be used and operated. This includes project and design goals, measurable performance
criteria, budgets, schedules, success criteria, and supporting information.
Optimum Start Controls (BECP)
Controls that are designed to automatically adjust the start time of an HVAC system each day with
the intention of bringing the space to desired occupied temperature levels immediately before
scheduled occupancy.
Orientation (BECP)
The direction an envelope element faces, i.e., the direction of a vector perpendicular to and pointing
away from the surface outside of the element.
Orifice (WAPTAC)
A hole in a gas pipe or nozzle fitting where gas or fuel oil exits to be mixed with air before
combustion occurs in the heating chamber.
Orifice Plate (EERE)
Device inserted in a pipe or duct which causes a pressure drop across it. Depending on orifice
size, it can be used to restrict flow or form part of a measuring device.
ORSAT Apparatus (EERE)
A device for measuring the combustion components of boiler or furnace flue gasses.
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Oscillating Fan (WAPTAC)
A fan, usually portable, that moves back and forth as it operates, changing the direction of the air
movement.
Other Load Management (DOE)
Refers to programs other than Direct Load Control and Interruptible Load that limit or shift peak
load from on-peak to off-peak time periods. It includes technologies that primarily shift all
or part of a load from one time-of-day to another and secondarily may have an impact on
energy consumption. Examples include space heating and water heating storage systems,
cool storage systems, and load limiting devices in energy management systems. This
category also includes programs that aggressively promote time-of-use (TOU) rates and
other innovative rates such as real time pricing. These rates are intended to reduce
consumer bills and shift hours of operation of equipment from on-peak to off-peak periods
through the application of time differentiated rates.
Outage (DOE)
The period during which a generating unit, transmission line, or other facility is out of service.
Outdoor Air (BECP)
Air taken from the outdoors and, therefore, not previously circulated through the system.
Output Capacity (WAPTAC)
The conversion rate of useful heat that a heating unit produces after accounting for any waste
caused by the conversion of energy into heat.
Overcurrent (BECP)
Any current in excess of the rated current of equipment or the ampacity of a conductor. It may
result from overload, short circuit, or ground fault.
Overhead Glazing Area (BECP)
The area whose horizontal dimension, in each direction, is equal to the overhead glazing dimension
plus either the floor to ceiling height or the dimension to the nearest 66" or higher opaque partition,
or one-half the distance to the adjacent overhead or vertical glazing.
Oxygen Depletion Sensor (WAPTAC)
A safety device on a heating unit that shuts off the fuel supply to the combustion chamber when
oxygen is depleted.
PA - Pascal (WAPTAC)
A unit of measurement of air pressure. One column inch of water equals 247 pascals. Atmospheric
pressure (29.92 inches of mercury) is equivalent to 102,000 PA.
Packaged Air Conditioner (WAPTAC)
An air conditioner that contains the compressor, evaporator, and condenser in a single cabinet.
Packaged Terminal Air Conditioner (PTAC) (BECP)
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A factory-selected wall sleeve and separate unencased combination of heating and cooling
components, assemblies, or sections. It may include heating capability by hot water, steam, or
electricity and is intended for mounting through the wall to serve a single room or zone.
Packaged Terminal Heat Pump (PTHP) (BECP)
A PTAC capable of using the refrigerating system in a reverse cycle or heat pump mode to provide
heat.
Party Wall (BECP)
A fire wall on an interior lot line used or adapted for joint service between two buildings.
Payback Period (WAPTAC)
The number of years that an investment in energy conservation will take to repay its cost through
energy savings.
Peaking Capacity (DOE)
Capacity of generating equipment normally reserved for operation during the hours of highest daily,
weekly, or seasonal loads. Some generating equipment may be operated at certain times as peaking
capacity and at other times to serve loads on an around-the-clock basis.
Performance Approach (BECP)
A performance approach (also known as a systems performance approach) compares a proposed
design with a baseline or reference design and demonstrates that the proposed design is at least as
efficient as the baseline in terms of annual energy use. This approach allows the greatest flexibility
but may require considerably more effort. A performance approach is often necessary to obtain
credit for special features such as a passive solar design, photovoltaic cells, thermal energy storage,
fuel cells, and other nontraditional building components. This approach requires an annual energy
use value. There are several commercially available software tools that perform this analysis.
Perlite (WAPTAC)
A heat-expanded mineral used for insulation.
Perm (WAPTAC)
A measurement of how much water vapor a material will let pass through it per unit of time.
Perm Rating (BECP)
The amount of water vapor that passes through an area in a certain period of time.
Permanantly Wired Luminaires (BECP)
Light fixtures physically attached to a surface (e.g. ceiling or wall) using a permanent mounting
system and wired directly to a power source. Examples include fluorescent fixtures located in a
ceiling grid and wall sconces.
Permanently Installed (BECP)
Equipment that is fixed in place and is not portable or movable.
Photo Cell (BECP)
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A light-sensing device used to control luminaires and dimmers in response to detected light levels.
Piggyback Operation (EERE)
Arrangement of chilled water generation equipment whereby exhaust steam from a steam
turbine driven centrifugal chiller is used as the heat source of an absorption chiller.
Plant (DOE)
A facility at which are located prime movers, electric generators, and auxiliary equipment for
converting mechanical, chemical, and/or nuclear energy into electric energy. A plant may
contain more than one type of prime mover. Electric utility plants exclude facilities that
satisfy the definition of a qualifying facility under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of
1978.
Plant Use (DOE)
The electric energy used in the operation of a plant. Included in this definition is the energy
required for pumping at pumped storage plants.
Plant-Use Electricity (DOE)
The electric energy used in the operation of a plant. This energy total is subtracted from the
gross energy production of the plant; for reporting purposes the plant energy production is
then reported as a net figure. The energy required for pumping at pumped storage plants is,
by definition, subtracted, and the energy production for these plants is then reported as a
net figure.
Plaster (WAPTAC)
A plastic mixture of sand, lime, and Portland cement spread over wood or metal lath to form the
interior surfaces of walls and ceilings.
Plate (WAPTAC)
A piece of lumber installed horizontally to which the vertical studs in a wall frame are attached.
Plenum (BECP)
An enclosure that is part of the air-handling system and is distinguished by having a very low air
velocity. A plenum often is formed in part or in total by portions of the building.
Plenum (EERE)
A large duct used as a distributor of air from a furnace.
Plenum (WAPTAC)
The piece of ductwork, usually found above the heat exchanger of a hot air furnace, that connects
the air handler to the main supply duct.
Plumb (WAPTAC)
Absolutely vertical at a right angle to the earth's surface.
Plywood (WAPTAC)
Laminated wood sheeting with layers cross-grained to each other.
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Polyethylene (WAPTAC)
Polymer plastic used for vapor barriers, air barriers, and foam backer rod.
Polyisocyanurate (WAPTAC)
A plastic foam insulation sold in sheets, similar in composition to polyurethane.
Polystyrene Insulation (WAPTAC)
A rigid plastic foam insulation, usually white or blue in color.
Polyurethane (WAPTAC)
A versatile plastic foam insulation, usually yellow in color.
Pool (BECP)
Any structure, basin, or tank containing an artificial body of water for swimming, diving, or
recreational bathing. The term includes, but is not limited to, swimming pool, whirlpool, spa, and
hot tub.
Positive Cooling Supply (BECP)
Mechanical cooling deliberately supplied to a space, such as through a supply register. Also,
mechanical cooling indirectly supplied to a space through uninsulated surfaces of space-cooling
components, such as evaporator coil cases and cooling distribution systems that continually
maintain air temperatures within the space of 85 degrees F (29 degrees C) or lower during normal
operation.
Positive Heat Supply (BECP)
Heat deliberately supplied to a space by design, such as a supply register, radiator, or heating
element. Also, heat indirectly supplied to a space through uninsulated surfaces of service water
heaters and space-heating components, such as furnaces, boilers, and heating and cooling
distribution systems that continually maintain air temperature within the space of 50 degrees F (10
degrees C) or higher during normal operation.
Potable Water (EERE)
Clean, drinkable water; also known as “white” water.
Potential Energy (WAPTAC)
Energy in a stored or packaged form, like fuel oil, coal, wood, etc.
Power (DOE)
The rate at which energy is transferred. Electrical energy is usually measured in watts. Also used
for a measurement of capacity.
Power Factor (BECP)
The ratio of total real power in watts to the apparent power (root-mean-square volt amperes).
Power Factor (EERE)
Relationship between KVA and KW. The power factor is one when the KVA equals the KW.
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Prescriptive Approach (BECP)
A prescriptive approach lists the minimum R-value or maximum U-factor requirements for each
building component such as windows, walls, and roofs. For lighting systems in commercial buildings,
a prescriptive approach would simply list the allowable watts per square foot for various building
types. For mechanical systems and equipment, a prescriptive approach would list the minimum
required equipment efficiencies.
Pressure (WAPTAC)
A force encouraging movement by virtue of a difference in some condition between two areas.
Pressure Diagnostics (WAPTAC)
The practice of measuring pressures and flows in buildings to control air leakage, and also to ensure
adequate heating and cooling air flows and ventilation.
Pressure Pan (WAPTAC)
A device used to block a duct register while measuring the static pressure behind it.
Pressure Reducing Valve (EERE)
A valve designed to reduce a facility’s water consumption by lowering
supply-line pressure.
Pressuretrol (WAPTAC)
A control that turns a steam boiler's burner on and off as steam pressure changes.
Pressurized Tank Toilet (EERE)
A toilet that uses a facility’s waterline pressure by pressurizing water held in a vessel within the
tank; compressing a pocket of trapped air. The water releases at a force 500 times greater
than a conventional gravity toilet.
Price (DOE)
The amount of money or consideration-in-kind for which a service is bought, sold, or offered for
sale.
Primary Air System (BECP)
The central, air-moving, heating, and cooling equipment that serves multiple zones through mixing
boxes, VAV boxes, or reheat coils.
Prime Mover (DOE)
The engine, turbine, water wheel, or similar machine that drives an electric generator; or, for
reporting purposes, a device that converts energy to electricity directly (e.g., photovoltaic
solar and fuel cells).
Prime Window (WAPTAC)
The main window installed on the outside wall consisting of fixed or moveable lights that slide on
permanently fixed tracks (not to be confused with a storm window).
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Priority List (WAPTAC)
The list or ranking of installation measures developed by a program to produce the most cost
effective energy savings results based on a savings to investment ratio calculation.
Process Energy (BECP)
Energy consumed in support of a manufacturing, industrial, or commercial process other than
conditioning spaces and maintaining comfort and amenities for the occupants of a building.
Process Heating (DOE)
Energy Efficiency program promotion of increased electric energy efficiency applications in
industrial process heating.
Process Load (BECP)
The load on a building resulting from the consumption or release of process energy.
Program Income (WAPTAC)
Income earned by the grantee from grant-supported activities, including but not limited to, income
from service fees, sale of commodities, usage or rental fees, and royalties on patents and copyrights.
Projection Factor (PF) (BECP)
The ratio of the distance the overhang projects from the window surface to its height above the sill
of the window it shades.
Proposed Design (BECP)
A computer representation of the actual proposed building design or portion thereof used as the
basis for calculating the design energy cost.
psi (g) (BECP)
Pounds per square inch gauge.
Psychrometrics (WAPTAC)
The study of the relationship between air, water vapor, and heat.
Public Authority Service to Public Authorities (DOE)
Public authority service includes electricity supplied and services rendered to municipalities or
divisions or agencies of State or Federal governments, under special contracts or
agreements or service classifications applicable only to public authorities.
Pump System Energy Demand (Pump System Power) (BECP)
The sum of the nominal power demand (nameplate horsepower) of motors of all pumps that are
required to operate at design conditions to supply fluid from the heating or cooling source to all
heat transfer devices (e.g., coils, heat exchanger) and return it to the source.
Purlins (WAPTAC)
Framing members that sit on top of rafters, perpendicular to them, designed to spread support to
roofing materials.
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PV - Photovoltaic (WAPTAC)
A solid-state elctrical device that converts light directly into direct current electricity of voltagecurrent characteristics that are a function of the characteristics of the light source and the materials
in and design of the device. Solar photovoltaic devices are made of various semi-conductor
materials including silicon, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, and gallium arsenide, and in single
crystalline, multi-crystalline, or amorphous forms.
Qualifying Facility (QF) (DOE)
A cogeneration or small power production facility that meets certain ownership, operating, and
efficiency criteria established by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) pursuant
to the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA). (See the Code of Federal Regulations,
Title 18, Part 292.)
R-Value (BECP)
A measure (h ft2 °F/Btu) of thermal resistance, or how well a material or series of materials resists
the flow of heat. The R-value is the reciprocal of the U-factor.
R Value (EERE)
The resistance to heat flow of insulation.
R-Value (WAPTAC)
A measurement of thermal resistance for materials and related surfaces.
Radiant Barrier (WAPTAC)
A foil sheet or coating designed to reflect heat producing sun rays.
Radiant Heating System (BECP)
A heating system that transfers heat to objects and surfaces within the heated space primarily
(greater than 50%) by infrared radiation.
Radiant Temperature (WAPTAC)
The average reflective temperature of objects in a home, like walls, ceiling, floor, and furniture.
Radiation (EERE)
The transfer of heat from one body to another by heat waves without heating the air between
them.
Radiation (WAPTAC)
Heat energy originating on a hot body like the sun and traveling from place to place through the air.
Radon (WAPTAC)
A radioactive gas that decomposes into radioactive particles.Rafter - A roof beam that follows the
roof's slope.
Raised Truss (BECP)
Raised truss refers to any roof/ceiling construction that allows the insulation to achieve its full
thickness over the plate line of exterior walls. Several constructions allow for this, including
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elevating the heel (sometimes referred to as an energy truss, raised-heel truss, or Arkansas truss),
use of cantilevered or oversized trusses, lowering the ceiling joists, or framing with a raised rafter
plate.
Rated Lamp Wattage (BECP)
The power consumption of a lamp as published in manufacturers'' literature.
Ratemaking Authority (DOE)
A utility commission’s legal authority to fix, modify, approve, or disapprove rates, as determined
by the powers given the commission by a State or Federal legislature.
Readily Accessible (BECP)
Capable of being reached quickly for operation, renewal, or inspections without requiring those to
whom ready access is requisite to climb over or remove obstacles or resort to portable ladders,
chairs, etc. In public facilities, accessibility may be limited to certified personnel through locking
covers or by placing equipment in locked rooms.
RECD(BECP)
The Rural Economic and Community Development, formerly the Farmer''s Home Administration.
Recirculating System (BECP)
A domestic or service hot water distribution system that includes a closed circulation circuit
designed to maintain usage temperatures in hot water pipes near terminal devices (e.g., lavatory
faucets, shower heads) in order to reduce the time required to obtain hot water when the terminal
device valve is opened. The motive force for circulation is either natural (due to water density
variations with temperature) or mechanical (recirculation pump).
Recooling (BECP)
Lowering the temperature of air that has been previously heated by a mechanical heating system.
Record Drawings (BECP)
Drawings that record the conditions of the project as constructed. These include any refinements of
the construction or bid documents.
Recovery Efficiency (WAPTAC)
A water heater's efficiency at actually heating water to capacity level without regard to standby or
distribution losses.
Reflectance (BECP)
The ratio of the light reflected by a surface to the light incident upon it.
Reflectance (WAPTAC)
Also called reflectivity, it is the ability of a material's surface to reflect radiant heat.
Reflective Glass (WAPTAC)
Glass that has a mirror-like coating on its exterior surface to reflect solar heat. The solar heat gain
coefficient of reflective glass ranges from 0.10 to 0.40.
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Reflector Lamp (BECP)
A class of incandescent lamps that have an internal reflector to direct the light. Reflector lamps are
typically characterized by reflector shapes such as R (reflector), ER (elipsodial reflector), PAR
(parabolic aluminized reflector), MR (multi-faceted reflector), and others.
Refrigerant (WAPTAC)
A special fluid used in air conditioners and heat pumps that heats air when it condenses from a gas
to a liquid and cools air when it evaporates from a liquid to a gas.
Regional Transmission Group (DOE)
A voluntary organization of transmission owners, transmission users, and other entities
approved by the Commission to efficiently coordinate transmission planning (and
expansion), operation, and use on a regional (and interregional) basis.
Register (WAPTAC)
The grille cover over a duct outlet for warm air distribution or cold air return.
Regulation (DOE)
The government function of controlling or directing economic entities through the process of
rulemaking and adjudication.
Reheating (BECP)
Raising the temperature of air that has been previously cooled either by mechanical refrigeration or
an economizer system.
Relamping (WAPTAC)
The replacement of an existing, standard light bulbs with lower wattage energy efficient bulbs like
compact fluorescent lamps.
Relative Humidity (WAPTAC)
The percent of moisture absorbed in the air compared to the maximum amount possible. For
instance, air that is completely saturated has 100% relative humidity.
Relay (WAPTAC)
An automatic, electrically-operated switch.
Reset (BECP)
Automatic adjustment of the controller set point to a higher or lower value.
Reset Controller (WAPTAC)
Adjusts fluid temperature or pressure in a central heating system according to outdoor air
temperature.
Residential (BECP)
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Spaces in buildings used primarily for living and sleeping. Residential spaces include, but are not
limited to, dwelling units, hotel/motel guest rooms, dormitories, nursing homes, patient rooms in
hospitals, lodging houses, fraternity/sorority houses, hotels, prisons, and fire stations.
Residential Building, Group R-2 (BECP)
Residential occupancies containing more than two dwelling units where the occupants are primarily
permanent in nature such as apartment houses, boarding houses (not transient), convents,
monasteries, rectories, fraternities and sororities, dormitories and rooming houses. For the purpose
of this code, reference to Group R-2 occupancies shall refer to buildings that are three stories or less
in height above grade.
Residential Building, Group R-4 (BECP)
Residential occupancies shall include buildings arranged for occupancies as Residential
Care/Assisted Living Facilities including more than five but not more than 16 occupants, excluding
staff. For the purpose of this code, reference to Group R-4 occupancies shall refer to buildings which
are three stories or less in height above grade.
Resistance (WAPTAC)
The property of a material resisting the flow of electrical energy or heat energy.
Retail (DOE)
Sales covering electrical energy supplied for residential, commercial, and industrial end-use
purposes. Other small classes, such as agriculture and street lighting, also are included in this
category.
Retrofit (WAPTAC)
An energy conservation measure applied to an existing building or the action of improving the
thermal performance or maintenance of a building.
Return Air (WAPTAC)
Air circulation back to the furnace from the house to be heated by the furnace and supplied to the
rooms.
Revenue (DOE)
The total amount of money received by a firm from sales of its products and/or services, gains
from the sales or exchange of assets, interest and dividends earned on investments, and
other increases in the owner’s equity except those arising from capital adjustments.
Re-Weatherized Unit (WAPTAC)
Any unit that received weatherization services prior to September 30, 1985 and has received
additional services under subsequent grants or allowed by current DOE regulations.
Rim Joist (WAPTAC)
The outermost joist around the perimeter of the floor framing.
Roof (BECP)
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The upper portion of the building envelope, including opaque areas and fenestration, that is
horizontal or tilted at an angle of less than 60 degrees from horizontal.
Roof Assembly (BECP)
A roof assembly shall be considered to be all roof/ceiling components of the building envelope
through which heat flows, thus creating a building transmission heat loss or gain, where such
assembly is exposed to outdoor air and encloses conditioned space. The gross area of a roof
assembly consists of the total interior surface of all roof/ceiling components, including opaque
surfaces, dormer and bay window roofs, treyed ceilings, overhead portions of an interior stairway to
an unconditioned attic, doors and hatches, glazing, and skylights exposed to conditioned space that
are horizontal or sloped at an angle less than 60° from the horizontal.
Roofing With Insulation Entirely Above Deck (BECP)
A roof with all insulation (1) installed above (outside of) the roof structure and (2) continuous (i.e.,
uninterrupted by framing members).
Room Air Conditioner (BECP)
An encased assembly designed as a unit to be mounted in a window or through a wall, or as a
console. It is meant to provide direct delivery of conditioned air to an enclosed space, room, or
zone. It includes a prime source of refrigeration for cooling and dehumidification and a means for
circulating and cleaning air. It may also include a means for ventilating and heating.
Room Cavity Ratio (BECP)
A factor that characterizes room configuration as a ratio between the walls and veiling and is based
upon room dimensions.
rpm (BECP)
Revolutions per minute.
Running and Quick-Start Capability (DOE)
The net capability of generating units that carry load or have quick-start capability. In general,
quick-start capability refers to generating units that can be available for load within a 30minute period.
Sales (DOE)
The amount of kilowatt-hours sold in a given period of time; usually grouped by classes of
service, such as residential, commercial, industrial, and other. Other sales include public
street and highway lighting, other sales to public authorities and railways, and
interdepartmental sales.
Savings-to-Investment Ratio (SIR) (WAPTAC)
They are computed over the lifetimes of the retrofit measures installed and expressed in terms of
the net present value of the retail cost of the dwelling's fuel. Under some methodologies, other
benefits, etc. Investment usally takes into account materials, labor, and support costs. SIRs of
greater than one are counted as cost effective under this DOE WAP method of determining costeffectiveness.
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SBCCI (BECP)
The Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.
Screw Lamp Holders (BECP)
A lamp base that requires a screw-in-type light such as an incandescent or tungsten-halogen bulb.
Sealed Combustion Heater (WAPTAC)
A heater that draws air for combustion from outdoors and has a sealed exhaust system.
Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (cooling) (BECP)
The total cooling output of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period for cooling
divided by the total electric energy input during the same period in consistent units (analogous to
the HSPF but for IP or other consistent units).
Seasonal Coefficient of Performance (heating) (BECP)
The total heating output of a heat pump during its normal annual usage period for heating divided
by the total electric energy input during the same period in consistent units (analogous to the HSPF
but for IP or other consistent units.)
Seasonal Efficiency (EERE)
Ratio of useful output to energy input for a piece of equipment over an entire heating or cooling
season. It can be derived by integrating part load efficiencies against time.
Seasonal Efficiency (WAPTAC)
Refers to the overall efficiency of the central heating system including on and off cycle fuel
utilization and heat loss. The calculation of these factors is represented in the Annual Fuel Utilization
Efficiency (AFUE) rating for the appliance. Distribution system loss is not factored into the AFUE.
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) (BECP)
The total cooling output of an air conditioner during its normal annual usage period for cooling, in
Btu/h (W), divided by the total electric energy input during the same period, in watt-hours, as
determined by DOE 10 CFR Part 430, Subpart B, Test Procedures. New equipment ranges from about
10 to 16 SEER. Higher SEER ratings indicate more efficient equipment.
Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) (WAPTAC)
A measure of seasonal or annual efficiency of a central air conditioner or air conditioning heat
pump. It takes into account the variations in temperature that can occur within a season and is the
average number of Btu of cooling delivered for every watt-hour of electicity used by the heat pump
over a cooling season.
Seasonal Performance Factor (SPF) (WAPTAC)
Ratio of useful energy output of a device to the energy input, averaged over an entire heating
season.
Semiheated Space (BECP)
An enclosed space within a building that is heated by a heating system whose output capacity is
greater than or equal to 3.4 Btu/Ft2 of floor area but is not a conditioned space.
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Sensible heat (EERE)
Heat that results in a temperature change, but no change in state.
Separate Living Quarters (WAPTAC)
Living quarters in which the occupants do not live and eat with any other persons in the structure
and that have either a direct access from the outside of the building or through a common hall or
complete kitchen facilities for the exclusive use of the occupants. The occupants maybe a single
family, one person living alone, two or more families living together, or any other group of related or
unrelated persons who share living arrangements.
Sequencer (WAPTAC)
A bimetal switch that turns on the elements of an electric furnace in sequence.
Service Agency (BECP)
An agency capable of providing calibration, testing, or manufacture of equipment, instrumentation,
metering, or control apparatus, such as a contractor, laboratory or manufacturer.
Service Equipment (BECP)
The necessary equipment, usually consisting of a circuit breaker or switch and fuses and accessories,
located near the point of entrance of supply conductors to a building or other structure (or an
otherwise defined area) and intended to constitute the main control and means of cutoff of the
supply. Service equipment may consist of circuit breakers or fused switches provided to disconnect
all underground conductors in a building or other structure from the service-entrance conductors.
Service Water Heating (BECP)
Heating water for domestic or commercial purposes other than space heating and process
requirements.
Set Point (BECP)
Point at which the desired temperature (degrees Fahrenheit) of the heated or cooled space is set.
Setback (BECP)
Reduction of heating (by reducing the set point) or cooling (by increasing the set point) during hours
when a building is unoccupied or during periods when lesser demand is acceptable.
Settling (WAPTAC)
This term refers to the effect of insulation depressing over time and, thereby, reducing the overall
energy efficiency of the materials. This process is primarily the result of using too much air when
installing the blown-in insulation - commonly called "fluffing," or the effect of long periods of time
on the materials. One reason to re-inspect some work several months after installation to assess the
settling factor.
Settling can also occur during the installation of sidewall insulation when the cavity is not
completely filled. This is usually avoided if "dense pack" protocols are followed during the
installation.
Shading Coefficient (SC) (BECP)
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The ratio of solar heat gain through fenestration, with or without integral shading devices, to that
occurring through unshaded 1/8-in.-thick double-strength glass.
Shading Coefficient (SC) (WAPTAC)
A decimal describing how much solar energy is transmitted through a window opening compared to
clear single glass having an SC of 1.0. For example, reflective glass has an SC of .20 to .45.
Sheathing (WAPTAC)
A structural sheeting, attached on top of the framing, underneath siding, or on the roof of a
building.
Sheeting (WAPTAC)
Common term for any building material used for covering a building surface.
Shell (WAPTAC)
The building's exterior envelope including walls, floor, and roof.
Shingle (WAPTAC)
A modular roofing material, usually asphalt, that is installed in overlapping rows to cover the entire
roof.
Short Circuit (WAPTAC)
A dangerous malfunction in an electrical circuit where electricity is flowing through conductors and
into the ground without going through an electric load, like a light or motor.
Sidewall Insulation (WAPTAC)
The process of installing insulation material, usually blown cellulose, into the non-insulated wall stud
cavities of a structure to reduce heat loss. Installation is achieved by drilling one or more rows of
holes into the wall, one in each stud cavity. To achieve the most effective results, a dense pack
protocol is used to install "high density" insulation materials. The "packing" of the materials should
be tight enough that the installer cannot move the insulation when complete. It is common to install
materials at 3.5 pounds per square foot.
Sill (WAPTAC)
The bottom of a window or door frame.
Sill Box (WAPTAC)
The outer area of the floor bound by the rim joist, floor joist, sill plate, and floor.
Simulation Program (BECP)
A computer program that is capable of simulating the energy performance of building systems.
Single Family (BECP)
A detached residential building, irrespective of height, including duplexes.
Single Zone Units (BECP)
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Unitary HVAC systems that serve a single zone. Single zone systems can provide either heating or
cooling, but they provide supply air at the same volume and temperature to the entire zone which
they serve.
Single-Rafter Roof (BECP)
A subcategory of attic roofs where the roof above and the ceiling below are both attached to the
same wood rafter and where insulation is located in the space between these wood rafters.
Single-Zone System (BECP)
An HVAC system serving a single HVAC zone.
Siphonic Jet Urinal (EERE)
A urinal that automatically flushes when water, which flows continuously to its tank, reaches a
specified preset level.
Site-Recovered Energy (BECP)
Waste energy recovered at the building site that is used to offset consumption of purchased fuel or
electrical energy supplies.
Site-Solar Energy (BECP)
Thermal, chemical, or electrical energy derived from direct conversion of incident solar radiation at
the building site and used to offset consumption of purchased fuel or electrical energy supplies. For
the purposes of applying this standard, site-solar energy shall not include passive heat gain through
fenestration systems.
Skylight (BECP)
A fenestration surface having a slope of less than 60 degrees from the horizontal plane. Other
fenestration, even if mounted on the roof of a building, is considered vertical fenestration.
Skylight Well (BECP)
The shaft from the skylight to the ceiling.
SL (BECP)
Standby loss.
Slab Edge (BECP)
Slab edge refers to the perimeter of a slab-on-grade floor, where the top edge of the slab floor is
above the finished grade or 12 in. or less below the finished grade. The slab perimeter should
include the length of all edges of a slab foundation that are part of the building envelope and are
less than 12 in. below grade (i.e., all edges separating conditioned space from unconditioned space).
Slab on Grade Floor Insulation (BECP)
Insulation around the perimeter of the floor slab or its supporting foundation when the top edge of
the floor perimeter slab is above the finished grade or 12 inches (305 mm) or less below the finished
grade.
Slab-On-Grade Floor (BECP)
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That portion of a slab floor of the building envelope that is in contact with the ground and is either
above grade or is less than or equal to 24 in. below the final elevation of the nearest exterior grade.
Sling Psychrometer (WAPTAC)
A device holding two thermometers that is slung through the air to measure relative humidity.
SMACNA (BECP)
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors'' National Association.
Small Power Producer (SPP) (DOE)
Under the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), a small power production facility (or
small power producer) generates electricity using waste, renewable (water, wind, and
solar), or geothermal energy as a primary energy source. Fossil fuels can be used, but
renewable resource must provide at least 75 percent of the total energy input. (See Code of
Federal Regulations, Title 18, Part 292.)
Soffit (WAPTAC)
The underside of a roof overhang or a small lowered ceiling, as above cabinets or a bathtub.
Solar Energy Source (BECP)
Source of thermal, chemical, or electrical energy derived from direct conversion of incident solar
radiation at the building site.
Solar Gain (WAPTAC)
Heat from the sun that is absorbed by a building's materials and contributes to the heating and
cooling requirements of the dwelling.
Solar Heat (WAPTAC)
Radiant energy from the sun with wavelengths between 0.7 and 1 micrometers.
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) (BECP)
Solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) is the glazing's effectiveness in rejecting solar heat gain. SHGC is
part of a system for rating window performance used by the National Fenestration Rating Council
(NFRC). SHGC has replaced the older index, shading coefficient (SC), in product literature and design
standards. If you are using glass whose performance is listed in terms of SC, you may convert to
SHGC by multiplying the SC value by 0.87.
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) (WAPTAC)
The ratio of solar heat gain through a window to incident solar heat, including both transmitted heat
and absorbed/radiated heat.
Solar Heat Gain Factor (SHGF) (WAPTAC)
Solar heat gain amount on a surface with a particular angle and orientation expressed in Btus per
square foot per hour.
Solar Transmittance (WAPTAC)
The percent of total solar energy transmitted by a material.
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Solenoid (WAPTAC)
A magnetic device that moves a switch or valve stem.
Source Meter (EERE)
A water meter that records the total waterflow into a facility.
Space (BECP)
An enclosed space within a building.
Space Heating (WAPTAC)
Heating the living spaces of the home with a room heater or central heating system.
Span (WAPTAC)
Horizontal distance between supports.
Specific Heat (WAPTAC)
The ratio of the heat storage capacity of a particular material to the heat storage capacity of water.
Spillage (WAPTAC)
Temporary flow of combustion gases from a dilution device.
Spline (WAPTAC)
A strip of vinyl, rubber, or plastic that, when inserted into a groove, holds a screen or plastic film in
place on a frame.
Split System (BECP)
Split-system HVAC equipment has the indoor and outdoor coils within separate cabinets. For a
cooling only system, the outdoor cabinet would contain the condenser coil and the indoor cabinet
would contain the evaporator coil.
Split-System Air Conditioner (WAPTAC)
An air conditioner having the condenser and compressor outdoors and the evaporator indoors.
Spot Purchases (DOE)
A single shipment of fuel or volumes of fuel, purchased for delivery within 1 year. Spot
purchases are often made by a user to fulfill a certain portion of energy requirements, to
meet unanticipated energy needs, or to take advantage of low fuel prices.
Stack Effect (WAPTAC)
The term describes the effect of higher pressure at the top of a structure, lower pressure at the
bottom of a structure, and neutral pressure somewhere in between, relative to the ambient
(surrounding) air pressure. It is usually the result of different densities of warmer and cooler air
(convective airflow).
Standard Truss (BECP)
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Any construction that does not permit the roof/ceiling insulation to achieve the required R-value
over the exterior walls.
Standby Facility (DOE)
A facility that supports a utility system and is generally running under no load. It is available to
replace or supplement a facility normally in service.
Standby Service (DOE)
Support service that is available, as needed, to supplement a consumer, a utility system, or to
another utility if a schedule or an agreement authorizes the transaction. The service is not
regularly used.
Standing Loss (WAPTAC)
Heat loss from a hot water storage tank through its shell.
Steady State Efficiency (WAPTAC)
The measurement of heat system balance in the on-cycle when heat into system equals heat out.
Generally provided as a percentage of the maximum available heat generation capacity (100%)
against the amount of usable heat being sent to the distribution system. This figure can also
represent the percentage of heat being used within the system as compared to the heat lost
through the flue. The reading is most valid when the stack temperature becomes constant and the
distribution pumps or blowers are operating.
Steel-Framed Wall (BECP)
A wall with a cavity (insulated or otherwise) whose exterior surfaces are separated by steel framing
members (i.e., typical steel stud walls and curtain wall systems).
Steam Trap (WAPTAC)
An automatic valve that closes to trap steam in a radiator until it condenses.
Steam Vent (WAPTAC)
A bimetal-operated air vent that allows air to leave steam piping and radiators, but closes when
steam strikes the surface.
Stop (WAPTAC)
A thin, trim board for windows and doors to close against or slide against.
Story (BECP)
Portion of a building that is between one finished floor level and the next higher finished floor level
or the roof, provided, however, that a basement or cellar shall not be considered a story.
Strike Plate (WAPTAC)
The metal plate attached to the door jamb that the latch inserts into upon closing.
Stud (WAPTAC)
A vertical wood or metal framing member used to build a wall.
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Sub-Floor (WAPTAC)
The sheathing over the floor joists and under the floor covering.
Sub Meter (EERE)
A meter that record energy or water usage by a specific process, a specific part of a building, or
a building within a larger facility.
Substantial Contact (BECP)
A condition where adjacent building materials are placed so that proximal surfaces are contiguous,
being installed and supported so they eliminate voids between materials without compressing or
degrading the thermal performance of either product.
Substation (DOE)
Facility equipment that switches, changes, or regulates electric voltage.
Supply Air (WAPTAC)
Air that has been heated or cooled and is moved through the ducts and to the supply registers of a
home.
Suspended Ceiling (WAPTAC)
Modular ceiling panels supported by a hanging frame.
SWEEP (BECP)
Southwest Energy Efficiency Project.
Switched Receptacles (BECP)
The ability to turn power on and off to an electrical outlet by using a control switch.
System (BECP)
A combination of equipment and auxiliary devices (e.g., controls, accessories, interconnecting
means, and terminal elements) by which energy is transformed so that it performs a specific
function such as HVAC, service water heating, or lighting.
System (Electric) (DOE)
Physically connected generation, transmission, and distribution facilities operated as an
integrated unit under one central management, or operating supervision.
Tandem Wiring (BECP)
A wiring option in which a ballast is shared by two or more luminaires. This reduces labor, materials,
and energy costs.
Taped Duct Test (TDT) (WAPTAC)
A procedure using the blower door to measure the "potential" for leakage reduction of the duct
system. All supply registers and return grills are taped shut following the initial blower door reading
and a subsequent air leakage test taken. if closing off the duct system in this manner causes an
appreciable reduction in the air leakage rate, this is an indication that there are significant duct
leaks.
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TE (BECP)
Thermal efficiency.
Temperature Reset Controllers (BECP)
Controls that automatically reset supply water temperatures by representative building loads
(including return water temperature) or by outside air temperature.
Therm (EERE)
A unit of gas fuel containing 100,000 Btu’s.
Therm (WAPTAC)
A unit of energy equal to 100,000 Btus or 29.3 kilowatt-hours.
Thermal Block (BECP)
A collection of one or more HVAC zones grouped together for simulation purposes. Spaces need not
be contiguous to be combined within a single thermal block.
Thermal Break (WAPTAC)
A relatively low heat/cold conductive material separating two highly conductive materials.
Thermal Bridge (BECP)
A component, or assembly of components, in a building envelope through which heat is transferred
at a substantially higher rate than through the surrounding envelope area.
Thermal Bridging (WAPTAC)
Rapid heat conduction resulting from direct contact between very thermally conductive materials
like metal and glass.
Thermal Bypass (WAPTAC)
Similar to a convection loop, this structural heat loss is characterized by heated air traveling up
exterior or interior stud cavities and leaking out the top of that cavity to the attic through joints and
cracks in the framing, wiring and plumbing holes, etc. These types of heat loss sources are
sometimes the most difficult to locate.
Thermal Conductance (BECP)
Time rate of heat flow through a body (frequently per unit area) from one of its bounding surfaces
to the other for a unit temperature difference between the two surfaces, under steady conditions
(Btu/h x ft² x °F) [W/(m² x K)].
Thermal Conductance (WAPTAC)
General term applied to both K-value and U-value, meaning heat flow rate.
Thermal Resistance (R) (BECP)
The reciprocal of the time rate of heat flow through a unit area induced by a unit temperature
difference between two defined surfaces of material or construction under steady-state conditions.
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Thermal Transmittance (BECP)
The coefficient of heat transmission (air to air). It is the time rate of heat flow per unit area and unit
temperature difference between the warm-side and cold-side air films (Btu/h x ft² x °F) [W/(m² x K)].
The U-factor applies to combinations of different materials used in series along the heat flowpath,
single materials that comprise a building section, cavity airspaces and surface air films on both sides
of a building element.
Thermocouple (WAPTAC)
A bimetal-junction electric generator used to keep the safety valve of an automatic gas valve open.
Thermodynamics (WAPTAC)
The science of heat.
Thermostat (BECP)
An automatic control device responsive to temperature.
Thermostat Set Back (BECP)
Usually done at night to reduce the amount of conditioning provided at night by allowing the
interior temperature to drift naturally to a marginal temperature during the night and then to
recondition it to normal conditions in the morning.
Tinted (BECP)
(As applied to fenestration) bronze, green, blue, or gray coloring that is integral with the glazing
material. Tinting does not include surface applied films such as reflective coatings, applied either in
the field or during the manufacturing process.
Title XVI (WAPTAC)
Term to be used interchangeably with those income groups known as SSI (Supplemental Security
Income) recipients.
Ton (of refrigeration) (EERE)
A means of expressing cooling capacity: 1 ton = 12,000 Btu/hour cooling (removal of heat).
Tracer Gas (WAPTAC)
A harmless gas used to measure air leakage in a building.
Trade-Off Approach (BECP)
A trade-off approach involves trading enhanced energy efficiency in one component against
decreased energy efficiency in another component. These trade-offs typically occur within major
building systems (e.g. envelope, mechanical) or in commercial lighting.
Transformer (BECP)
A piece of electrical equipment used to convert electric power from one voltage to another voltage.
Transformer (DOE)
An electrical device for changing the voltage of alternating current.
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Transformer (WAPTAC)
A double coil of wire that increases or decreases voltage from a primary circuit to a secondary
circuit.
Transmission (DOE)
The movement or transfer of electric energy over an interconnected group of lines and
associated equipment between points of supply and points at which it is transformed for
delivery to consumers, or is delivered to other electric systems. Transmission is considered
to end when the energy is transformed for distribution to the consumer.
Transmission System (Electric) (DOE)
An interconnected group of electric transmission lines and associated equipment for moving or
transferring electric energy in bulk between points of supply and points at which it is
transformed for delivery over the distribution system lines to consumers, or is delivered to
other electric systems.
Transverse Seam (BECP)
All duct seams other than the longitudinal seam (which runs parallel to the direction of air flow).
Trim (WAPTAC)
Decorative wood that covers cracks around window and door openings and at the corners where
walls meet floors and ceilings. Sometimes called molding.
Truss (WAPTAC)
A lightweight, rigid framework designed to be stronger than a solid beam of the same weight.
Turbine (DOE)
A machine for generating rotary mechanical power from the energy of a stream of fluid (such as
water, steam, or hot gas). Turbines convert the kinetic energy of fluids to mechanical energy
through the principles of impulse and reaction, or a mixture of the two
U-Factor (BECP)
A measure (Btu/h ft2 °F) of how well a material or series of materials conducts heat. U-factors for
window and door assemblies are the reciprocal of the assembly R-value. The smaller the number,
the less the heat flow.
U Value (EERE)
A coefficient expressing the thermal conductance of a composite structure in Btu’s per (square
foot) (hour) (degree Fahrenheit difference).
U-Value (WAPTAC)
The amount of heat flowing through a square foot of building materials.
UA (BECP)
U-factor X area; REScheck performs a simple UA calculation for each building assembly to determine
the overall UA of your building. The UA that would result from a building conforming to the code
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requirements is compared against the UA for your building. If the total heat loss (represented as a
UA) through the envelope of your building does not exceed the total heat loss from the same
building conforming to the code, then the software declares that you pass. A high-efficiency
equipment trade-off can also be performed under certain codes.
UL (BECP)
Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
UL 181A/B (BECP)
A test procedure for tapes and mastics used to seal ductwork.
Ultra Low Flow Toilet (EERE)
A toilet that uses 1.6 gallons or less of water per flush.
Ultraviolet Radiation (WAPTAC)
Solar radiation having wavelengths just shorter than visible light.
Unconditioned Space (BECP)
An enclosed space within a building that is not a conditioned space.
Unconditioned Space (WAPTAC)
Ant area within the building envelope not intentionally or unintentionally heated.
Unenclosed Space (BECP)
A space that is not an enclosed space.
Unit Energy Costs (BECP)
Costs for units of energy or power purchased at the building site. These costs may include energy
costs as well as costs for power demand as determined by the adopting authority.
Unitary Cooling Equipment (BECP)
One or more factory-made assemblies that normally include an evaporator or cooling coil and a
compressor and condenser combination. Units that perform a heating function are also included.
Unitary Heat Pump (BECP)
One or more factory-made assemblies that include an indoor conditioning coil, compressor(s) and
outdoor coil or refrigerant-to-water heat exchanger, including means to provide both heating and
cooling functions. When heat pump equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate
assemblies shall be designed to be used together.
Unitary Heating and Cooling (BECP)
One or more factory-made assemblies that include an evaporator or cooling coil, a compressor and
condenser combination, and that shall be permitted to include a heating function as well. When
heating and cooling equipment is provided in more than one assembly, the separate assemblies
shall be designed to be used together.
Unitary Packaged (BECP)
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Each package is a standalone system which provides all of the heating and cooling requirements for
the area of the building that it serves.
Useful Thermal Output (DOE)
The thermal energy made available for use in any industrial or commercial process, or used in
any heating or cooling application, i.e., total thermal energy made available for processes
and applications other than electrical generation.
UV (BECP)
Ultraviolet.
Vapor Barrier (EERE)
A moisture impervious layer designed to prevent moisture migration.
Vapor Barrier (WAPTAC)
A material that retards the passage of water vapor.
Vapor Diffusion (WAPTAC)
The flow of water vapor through a solid material.
Vapor Retarder (BECP)
A component that retards water vapor diffusion but does not totally prevent its transmission. Vapor
retarder material is usually a thin sheet or coating. However, a construction of several materials,
some perhaps of substantial thickness, could also constitute a vapor retarder system.
Variable Air Volume (VAV) (BECP)
HVAC system that controls the dry-bulb temperature within a space by varying the volumetric flow
of heated or cooled supply air to the space.
Variable Frequency Drive (BECP)
Changes the speed of the motor by changing the voltage and frequency of the electricity supplied to
the motor based upon system requirements.
Variable Frequency Drive (EERE)
See “Adjustable speed drive.”
Variable Speed Drive (EERE)
See “Adjustable speed drive.”
Veiling Reflection (EERE)
Reflection of light from a task or work surface into the viewer’s eyes.
Veiling Reflection (WAPTAC)
Light reflection from an object or task that obscures details.
Veneer (WAPTAC)
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The outer layer of a building component (e.g., interior doors often have a wood veneer; some woodframe houses have brick veneer walls, etc.).
Vent Connector (WAPTAC)
The vent pipe carrying combustion gases from the appliance to the chimney.
Vent Damper (BECP)
A device intended for installation in the venting system of an individual, automatically operated,
fossil fuel-fired appliance in the outlet or downstream of the appliance draft control device, which is
designed to automatically open the venting system when the appliance is in operation and to
automatically close off the venting system when the appliance is in a standby or shutdown
condition.
Vent Damper (WAPTAC)
An automatic damper powered by heat or electricity that closes the chimney while a heating device
is off.
Ventilated Mechanically (BECP)
The process of supplying or removing air by mechanical means to or from any space. Such air may or
may not have been conditioned.
Ventilated Naturally (BECP)
The process of supplying or removing air by natural means to or from any space.
Ventilation (BECP)
The process of supplying or removing air by natural or mechanical means to or from any space. Such
air shall be permitted to be conditioned or unconditioned.
Ventilation (WAPTAC)
Refers to the controlled air exchange within a structure. All dwellings must "breathe" and proper
ventilation rates must be determined. If the structure requires more interior/exterior air exchanges,
there are mechanical and non-mechanical options for increasing those rates. The most common
option is passive ventilation through the installation of roof, soffit, or gable vents.
Ventilation Air (BECP)
That portion of supply air that comes from outside (outdoors) plus any recirculated air that has been
treated to maintain the desired quality of air within a designated space. See ASHRAE 62 and
definition of "Outdoor Air."
Venting (WAPTAC)
The removal of combustion gases by a chimney.
Vermiculite (WAPTAC)
A heat-expanded mineral used for insulation.
Vertical Fenestration (BECP)
All fenestration other than skylights.
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Visible Light Transmittance (VLT) (BECP)
The fraction of solar radiation in the visible light spectrum that passes through the fenestration.
Visible Transmittance (WAPTAC)
The percent of visible light transmitted by a glass assembly.
Visqueen (WAPTAC)
Polyethylene film vapor barrier.
Voltage Drop (BECP)
A decrease in voltage caused by losses in the lines connecting the power source to the load.
W (BECP)
Watt.
Wall (BECP)
Opaque portion of the building envelope.
Warm-Up (BECP)
Increase in space temperature to occupied set point after a period of shutdown or setback.
Water Economizer (BECP)
A system by which the supply air of a cooling system is cooled indirectly with water that is itself
cooled by heat or mass transfer to the environment without the use of mechanical cooling.
Water Heater (BECP)
Vessel in which water is heated and is withdrawn for use external to the system.
Water Heating (BECP)
The process or system used to heat service water.
Watt (DOE)
The electrical unit of power. The rate of energy transfer equivalent to 1 ampere flowing under a
pressure of 1 volt at unity power factor.
Watt (WAPTAC)
A unit electrical power equivalent to one joule per second or 3.4 Btuh
Watt-hour (Wh) (DOE)
An electrical energy unit of measure equal to 1watt of power supplied to, or taken from, an electric
circuit steadily for 1 hour.
Watt-Hour (WAPTAC)
A unit of electrical energy equivalent to 3600 joules or 3.4 Btus.
Weatherization Assistance Program (EERE)
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The Weatherization Assistance Program reduces the energy expenditures of low-income families
by increasing the energy efficiency of their homes. Clients receive a series of cost-effective
measures that are tailored to their homes and climate. Under current prices, the average
first-year savings for weatherization clients is $403, which equates to a 32% reduction in
heating costs. Weatherization returns $1.53 in energy-related benefits for every $1 invested
in the Program. Taken together, $2.69 in energy and non-energy benefits is the return on
every $1 invested in the program.
Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) (WAPTAC)
DOE's Weatherization Assistance (Wx) Program is the nation's largest residential energy efficiency
program. Its mission is to increase the energy efficiency of dwellings occupied by low-income
Americans, therby reducing their energy costs, while safeguarding their health and safety.
DOE works directly with the states, the District of Columbia, and Native American Tribal
Governments to carry out these goals. These agencies, in turn, contract with approximately 1,000
local governmental or non-profit agencies to deliver weatherization services to our low-income
clients.
Weatherization, Comprehensive (EERE)
Comprehensive weatherization is a whole-house approach to improving the energy-efficiency of
an existing home. Under the whole-house approach, all the energy-impacting systems in the
house are examined and improved simultaneously as needed. A whole-house approach
ensures that no cost effective opportunity to save energy in a building is lost. It also ensures
that the package of conservation measures installed will work together in the most effective
manner to reduce energy use and provide a healthy indoor environment.
Weatherization Plus (WAPTAC)
Weatherization Plus describes the evolution of the Weatherization Assistance Program from its
traditional focus on heating and cooling energy conservation to an expanded focus on whole-house
energy usage and whole-community efforts. The whole-house approach incorporates advanced
technologies and addresses the comprehensive energy usage in low-income homes, as well as
related health and safety improvements. The whole-community approach enables Weatherization
providers to serve as a resource for community-based efforts to conserve energy, boost economic
activity, and improve the environment.
http://www.waptac.org/sp.asp?id=1818
Weatherization Services (EERE)
In the Weatherization Assistance Program, weatherization services are cost-effective energy
efficiency measures for existing residential and multifamily housing with low-income residents.
Under this definition, it includes a wide variety of energy efficiency measures that encompass the
building envelope, its heating and cooling systems, its electrical system, and electricity consuming
appliances. In other words, the full range of energy efficiency measures in buildings that apply to all
homes and apartment buildings is included in weatherization technologies.
Weatherization Technologies (EERE)
Weatherization technologies include a wide range of energy efficiency measures for retrofitting
homes and apartment buildings. Weatherization service providers choose the best package of
efficiency measures for each home based on an energy audit of the home.
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In the 32 years experience of the Weatherization Assistance Program, these technologies have
grown from measures like caulking and weatherstripping to addressing the whole spectrum of
energy-consuming systems in low-income homes.
Weatherstripping (WAPTAC)
Flexible gaskets, often mounted in rigid metal strips, for limiting air leak age at opening in the shell
like doors and windows.
Webbing (WAPTAC)
A reinforcing fabric used with mastics and coatings to prevent patches from cracking.
Weep Holes (WAPTAC)
Holes drilled for the purpose of allowing water to drain out of an area in a building where it has
accumulated.
Wet Bulb Temperature (EERE)
The lowest temperature attainable by evaporating water in the air without the addition or
subtraction of energy.
Wet-Bulb Temperature (WAPTAC)
The temperature of a dampened thermometer of a Sling Psychrometer used to determine relative
humidity, dew point, and enthalpy.
WH (BECP)
Watt-hour.
Window (BECP)
The terms "fenestration", "window", and "glazing" are often used interchangeably. However,
window actually describes a system of several components. Window is the term given to an entire
assembly comprised of the sash, glazing, and frame.
Window Films (WAPTAC)
Plastic films, coated with a metallic reflective surface, that are adhered to window glass to reflect
heat rays from the sun.
Window Frame (WAPTAC)
The sides, top, and sill of the window forming a box around window sashes and other components.
Window Projection Factor (BECP)
A measure of the portion of glazing that is shaded by an eave or overhang.
Window-Wall Ratio (BECP)
The window-wall ratio is the percentage that results from dividing the total glazed area of the
building by the total wall area.
Worst-Case Depressurization Test (WAPTAC)
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A safety test, performed by specific procedures, designed to assess the probability of chimney backdrafting.
Xeriscaping (EERE)
The selection, placement, and care of water-conserving and low-water-demand ground covers,
plants, shrubs, and trees in landscaping.
Zone (BECP)
A space or group of spaces within a building with any combination of heating, cooling, or lighting
requirements sufficiently similar so that desired conditions can be maintained throughout by a
single controlling device.
Zone (WAPTAC)
A room or portion of a building separated from other rooms by an air barrier.
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Appendix B
Excerpts from
University of Florida
Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
Energy Efficient Homes series
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