AIM: What are enzymes and why are they
important?
DN: What are proteins? What are the
building blocks of proteins? Give some
examples of proteins.
What role do enzymes play in
our bodies?
Enzymes are
proteins that speed
up chemical
reactions
A+B
C
Let’s Review Chemical
Reactions:
• A+B
Raw Materials
C
Products
or
• C
A+B
What Reaction is this?
A+B
AB + H2O
Enzyme
Dehydration Synthesis
If an enzyme is added to the reaction, then it
will speed up the reaction.
In other words, we will produce AB more
quickly.
What is a Catalyst?
Any substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
without itself being changed.
An enzyme is called an organic catalyst
Why are enzymes called organic catalysts?
They are PROTEINS that speed up
chemical reactions!!
What are some important reactions
that enzymes need to speed up?
Digestion
Photosynthesis
Synthesis
Cell Respiration
What are Substrates and Active
Sites?
A+B
AB
AB
Substrates- are the reactants that bind to the enzyme
Active Site- is the place on the enzyme where the
substrates bind
Think of enzymes and
substrates as a lock and key
Substrate
Enzyme
Active Site
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Enzyme
Substrate
Is formed when the substrate is bound to the enzyme
Enzyme-substrate specificity
Enzymes are SPECIFIC (in shape)
for the SUBSTRATES they attach
to, just like a lock and key.
How do enzymes work?
AB
Enzymes bind to the reactants so the chemical
reaction can take place
ENZYME
A+B
AB
What do you think determines the
shape of enzymes?
Enzyme
1)The sequence (order) of amino acids in a
protein determine its shape
2) The shape of a protein determines its activity
WHAT CHANGES?
•
•
The enzyme doesn’t Enzyme
change, it can be reused
A-B + H2Ochanges
A+B
The substrate
Whatsubstrate
reactionisisbroken
this? down (ex:
•
HydrolysisHydrolysis
carbohydrate
to glucose molecules)
•
Dehydration Synthesis- the substrate is
made bigger (glucose molecules made into
a starch)
Some common enzymes
PROTEIN
protease AMINO ACIDS
Hydrolysis
Can you ID the substrate, product,
enzyme, active site, & enzyme substrate
complex?
Active Site
Substrate
Enzyme – Substrate
Complex
Product
Enzyme