BSC 2010L
DEUTEROSTOMES
Principal Biological Concepts:
A. Protostome vs. deuterostome (revisited).
B. Chordate features.
C. Chordate subphyla.
D. Evolution of vertebrates from early chordates.
E. Evolution of vertebrate classes.
F. Evolution of jaws.
G. Adaptations to terrestrial existence.
H. Endothermy.
I. Cladistic analysis.
Remember protostome &
deuterostome dichotomy
Phylum Echinodermata
A. secondary radial symmetry - bilateral in
larvae
B. endoskeleton - calcareous "test"
C. water vascular system
4 classes
1.
2.
3.
4.
sea stars (class Asteroidea)
brittle stars (class Ophiuroidea)
sea urchin (class Echinoidea)
sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea)
Echinodermata
4 classes
1. sea stars
(class Asteroidea)
2. brittle stars (class
Ophiuroidea)
3. sea urchin
(class Echinoidea)
4. sea cucumbers (class
Holothuroidea)
Class Asteroidea
sea stars
Anatomy of a sea star
Class Ophiuroidea
brittle star
Class Echinoidea - sea urchins & sand dollars
Class Holothuroidea - sea cucumbers
Chordates (phylum Chordata)
3 characters - present at some point in life
1. notochord
2. pharyngeal
gill slits
3. dorsal, hollow,
nerve cord
Chordata
3 subphyla - 2 "protochordates" and
vertebrates
1.
subphylum Urochordata -tunicates or
sea squirts
2. subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets
(Amphioxus)
7. subphylum Vertebrata - vertebrates
Chordata
Subphylum Urochordata -tunicates or sea squirts
Chordata
Subphylum Urochordata tunicate larva
Chordata
Subphylum Cephalochordata - lancelets
(Amphioxus)
Subphylum Vertebrata - 12 classes
1.
2.
Class Myxini - hagfishes
Class Cephalaspidomorphi
- lampreys
3. Class Chondrichthyes cartilagenous fishes sharks, rays, skates
"Osteichthyes"
4. Class Actinopterygii - rayfinned fishes
5. Class Actinistia - lobefinned fishes
6. Class Dipnoi - lungfishes
7.
Class Amphibia - frogs,
toads, salamanders
8.
Class Mammalia mammals
"Reptilia"
9. Class Testudines
10. Class Lepidosauria snakes, lizards,
tuatara
11. Class Crocodilia alligators and
crocodiles
12. Class Aves - birds
Class Myxini - hagfishes
Class Cephalaspidomorphi - lampreys
Class Chondrichthyes - cartilagenous fishes -sharks,
rays, skates
"Osteichthyes" - informal name for bony
fishes
Class Actinopterygii - ray-finned fishes
Class Actinistia - lobe-finned fishes
Class Dipnoi - lungfishes
Class Actinopterygii ray-finned fishes
Class Actinistia lobe-finned fishes
Class Dipnoi - lungfish
The Devonian radiation of fishes
The evolution of vertebrate jaws
Anatomy of a trout, a representative bony fish
Class Amphibia - amphibians - frogs,
toads, salamanders
”Reptilia" - informal name for reptile
classes
Class Testudines - turtles
Class Lepidosauria - lizards, snakes, tuatara
Class Crocodilia - crocodilians
The amniotic or cleidoic egg
Class Testudines - turtles
Class Lepidosauria lizards, snakes, tuatara
Class Crocodilia - crocodilians
Phylogeny of the amniotes
Class Aves - birds
The avian wing and feather
Archaeopteryx, a Jurassic bird-reptile
Class Mammalia - mammals
Cladistic Analysis exercise
You must complete this and hand it in before
you leave (DS3 - 10 pts.)
Introduction to cladistics http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/clad/clad1.ht
ml
Constructing a phylogenetic tree using cladistic analysis
Building a phylogenetic tree of dinosaurs
“32A Traditional Animal
Phylogenetic Tree” and “34A
Characteristics of Chordates” on
Student Media CD-ROM for review of
material from this lab.
Lab practical next week.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
Sign up sheets go on-line Monday October 10.
Review lab sessions will be Saturday October 15, and
Sunday October 16, from 10:00 - 4:00 pm.
Practical exams will be given Monday October 17 through
Wednesday October 19.
30 stations
1 question per station
60 seconds per station
NO GOING BACK
Practical covers labs 1, 4, 5 and 7, in roughly equal
proportions.
You must bring a photo ID to the exam.