428-348
470-399
384-332 BC
Nature over Nurture
Nurture over Nature
1879
1882
1890
1892
1894
1900
1905
1906
1911
1913
1920
1924
1938
1961
1968
1960’s
1970’s
1980’s
1990’s
1993
Chapter 1 Timeline of Psych History
Plato (Aristotle’s teacher) provided some useful insights into the
theoretical structure of the human mind
Plato published the Tripartite Mind.
The Logistikon: This was the intellect, the seat of reasoning and logic.
The Thumos: This was the spiritual centre of the mind, and dictated
emotions and feelings.
The Epithumetikon: This part governed desires and appetites.
According to Plato, the healthy mind discovered a balance between the
three parts, and an over reliance upon these parts led to the expression
of personality. For example, gluttony and selfishness could be explained
by a dominance of the Epithumetikon, letting desires govern behavior.
Socrates and “socratic questioning” gave psychology the idea of
engaging the patient with careful questioning
Aristotle developed concepts involving the mind, thought and
reasoning
Socrates, Plato, & Descartes: Believed the mind and body were
separate entities (dualism) and that most ideas, thoughts, traits, etc.,
were inborn. (Nature over Nurture).
Aristotle and Locke: Believed that the mind and body were
connected (monism) and that the mind was a "blank slate" upon which
experience writes (Nurture over Nature).
Wilhelm Wundt opens psych lab in Germany
Stanley Hall first psych lab in US
William James proposes countering view of functionalism
Edward Titchener, a student of Wundt, brought psych in the form of
structuralism to America
Structuralism dies out in early 20th century
Margaret Washburn, (student of Titchener) first woman to earn
PhD
Sigmund Freud publishes Interpretation of Dreams and
psychoanalysis
Mary Whiton Calkins becomes first female president of the APA
Ivan Pavlov Russian physiologist who learns about conditioning
Edward Thorndike learning theory and behaviorism
Watson develops behaviorism “Little Albert”
Francis Cecil Sumner 1st African American to earn PhD
Mary Cover Jones publishes study on “Little Peter” on counter
conditioning
BF Skinner added the concept of reinforcement to behaviorism
Carl Rogers Humanistic perspective, psychology’s “third force”
unconditional positive regard
Abraham Maslow Humanistic perspective emphasized human
potential
Cognitive Perspective study of memory, learning, perception,
thought processes, and learning
Sociocultural Perspective focuses on the effect that people have on
one another, either individually or in a larger group
Biopsychological perspective reflects the influences that
neuroscience made on the field of psychology
Evolutionary persepctive continues to grow from the influences of
Charles Darwin and William James
Positive Psychology influenced by Martin Seligman which fociuses
on positive experiences and not the negative