World War I 1914-1918
Industrialization brings
global ‘interdependence’
– nations depend on
each other. Isolationism
becomes obsolete as
militarism, nationalism,
and imperialism spread.
1914
Our Agenda:
Classwork:
1. Map: Europe 1914
a. Fill-in countries
b. Highlight alliances (create key)
Homework:
• WWI Vocab –Monday, 1/10
• WWI, Chapter Outline (fill-in blanks) –
Tues., 1/11
• World War I Quiz (Map, Outline, Notes)
– Wed., 1/12 (this will not be open-note)
World War I: 1914-1918
“The Great War”
Directions:
1. Open textbook to p. 704 (Connections)
2. Label the countries on the map provided.
3. Create a KEY to differentiate among the
different alliances, and neutral nations.
Announcements
1. Hand in Guided Reading, Ch. 27, Section 1
2. Quiz Thursday (Geography & Ch. 27,
Section 1) – if it snows…Friday.
3. Graphic Organizer, Thurs., 1/13 (even if it
snows!)
4. Guiding Questions, Tuesday, 1/18
Your new Global class…play along!
Bob is a friend of Frank. Frank and Rick are good friends
and have agreed that if either is ever in a fight, the other boy
will come to the rescue. Most of the boys in the class have
obtained weapons in case of a fight. Greg, Ira and Alan are
also good friends and have an agreement to fight if one is
attacked. Frank and Greg hate each other because Greg beat
up Frank a few years ago. Greg is jealous of Bob because Bob
is a better swimmer on the school team. Sam and Rick are
good friends as their backgrounds are similar, and Alan is
always picking on Sam. Rick will protect Sam from Alan.
Barney is small in size and gets picked on; he has convinced
Bob to help him if he is ever attacked. All the boys love Cathy;
each one thinks he is best and deserves her.
What will your class “feel” like? Your thoughts?
Long-Term Causes of World War I
• Directions:
– Visit all 4 stations in the classroom. Each
station represents a “cause” of WWI.
– Analyze the sources at each station to
determine the “cause” that is being
represented.
– Label the “cause” on the handout
provided (Title).
World War I: 1914-1918
“The Great War”
What was the “spark” that led to the start of WWI?
Who: (was involved?)
What: (happened?)
Where: (did it happen?)
When: (did it happen?)
Why: (did it happen?)
How: (did it happen?)
How did this
spark lead
to a World
War?
(explain)
Do Now:
1. What is an alliance?
2. Why do people form them?
3. How do people select who
they want to make an
alliance with?
4. Why could alliances be
dangerous?
Homework: Due Wed., 1/12
Complete graphic organizer based on today’s
class activity.
Directions:
• Identify: M.A.I.N
• A: Definition
• B & C: Examples
Do Now:
1. Why is A-H & the Balkan Peninsula
known as the “Powder Keg” of Europe?
2. Why is the Ottoman Empire known as the
“Sick Man of Europe”
3. Who started World War I? Defend your
answer.
Causes of WWI
“The Spark”
Long
Term
Causes
The Balkan
Peninsula, 1914
• Presence of the AH Empire:
mixed nationalities that
resented foreign rule
• Serbia independent
– (desire to unite Slavs)
• Russian interest in Balkan
peninsula
– (secret treaty with Serbia)
Why is Russia interested in
the Balkan Peninsula?
“Slavic Brothers,” Access to
Med Sea (militarism/warm
water ports)
• 1908: A-H annexes
Bosnia/Herzegovina
Austria-Hungary & the Balkan Peninsula
“Powder Keg of Europe”
• MANY ethnic
groups (Czechs,
Romanians, Poles
& Serbs)
• Desire national
independence
• Threat to A-H
“The Sick Man of Europe”
Ottoman Empire
• As nationalism
grew, people of
Balkan
peninsula gained
independence
• Loss of
territory to
Russia
“The Spark”
Assassination of the Austrian Archduke Franz
Ferdinand and his wife on June 28th, 1914 in Sarajevo
(Austrian-Hungary Province)
Who did it?
Gavrilo Princip
WHO IS HE?
Bosnian
Revolutionary
Black Hand
Instrument of
Serbian
government?
Seal of the Black Hand
The Austrian Response
Count Berchtold
(Austrian PM)
“Demands must be put to Serbia
that would be wholly impossible
for them to accept.”
GERMANY REACTS
“The Blank Check”
Confidential - For Your Excellency's
personal information and guidance
“His Majesty desires to say that he is not
blind to the danger which threatens
Austria-Hungary and thus the Triple
Alliance . The Emperor Francis Joseph
(AH) may be rest assured that His
Majesty will faithfully stand by AustriaHungary, as is required by the obligations
of his alliance and of his ancient
friendship.”
Bethmann Hollweg
(German PM)
The Ultimatum
July 23, 1914
Suppress anti-AH hostility
Dismiss anti-AH officials
Allow AH to investigate assassination within
Serbia
Trial in AH courts
48 hours to respond
Must accept all demands – or AH declares war
What do you think Serbia should do? Why?
German Motives
Kaiser William II
“Germany must have its
place in the sun. The world
belongs to the strong.”
Aggressive
Foreign Policy
“The Austrian demands are moderate. Any
interference by Britain, France, Russia will be
followed by incalculable consequences.”
Alliance System In Action
July 28, 1914: A-H declares war on
Serbia
July 29, 1914: Russia mobilizes
August 1, 1914: Germany declares war
on Russia
August 3, 1914: Germany declares war
on France
German Military Strategy
How do you fight a war on two fronts?
• “Schlieffen Plan:” Defeat France before Russians mobilize
HOW?
• Fastest Route: invade through Belgium – August 3, 1914
“The Schlieffen Plan”
Why did Britain get involved?
August 4, 1914
Belgian Neutrality
Protected by
British
Britain declares
war on Germany
U.S. neutral; Loans
Allies >$3 billion
“There’s some devilry
going on in Berlin.”
(Sir Edward Grey:
British Foreign
Secretary)
DEMOCRACIES
Alliances – Why?
ALLIED POWERS
1. England
brothers”
2. France
CENTRAL POWERS
1. Germany
2. A-H
Similar
Culture
3. Russia
warm water
ports
3. Ottoman Empire
“Slavic
4. Serbia
Resents Russia
“Sick Man of Europe”
“Talk a Mile A Minute“
Topic: School
Teacher
Student
Global
History
pencil
smartboard
notes
suspension
laughing
cutting
study
“Talk a Mile A Minute“
Topic: WWI
Alliances
Militarism
Nationalism
Imperialism
“Sick Man of
Europe”
“Powder Keg”
Industrialization
Serbia
“Talk a Mile A Minute“
Topic: WWI
Central
Powers Allied
Powers Serbia
AustriaHungary
Belgium
England
Russia
Ottoman
“Talk a Mile A Minute“
Topic: WWI
Gavrilo
Princep Black
Hand
ultimatum
Schlieffen
Plan neutral
Blank Check
Arms Race
Franz
“Talk a Mile A Minute“
Topic: WWI
warm water
ports
assassination
serbia
ottoman
empire
nationalism
imperialism
central
powers
“Let’s Chat”
What caused WWI to occur?
What nation should we blame for the war?
Is the war justified?
How could WWI have been avoided?
Should nations follow a policy of isolationism?
Why? Why not?
What are the soldiers fighting for? (Name a
country, rationale)
Dulce et Decorum Est
Rupert Brooke ~ “The Soldier”
If I should die, think only this of me: That
there's some corner of a foreign field That is
forever England. There shall be In that rich
earth a richer dust concealed; A dust whom
England bore, shaped, made aware, Gave, once,
her flowers to love, her ways to roam, A body of
England's, breathing English air, Washed by the
rivers, blest by suns of home. And think, this
heart, all evil shed away, A pulse in the eternal
mind, no less Gives somewhere back the
thoughts by England given; Her sights and
sounds; dreams happy as her day; And laughter,
learnt of friends; and gentleness, In hearts at
peace, under an English heaven.
French Troops Resting ~ C. R. W.
Nevinson
Countries
Total
Mobilized
Killed
& Died
Wounded
Prisoners
& Missing
Total
Casualties
Casualties %
of Mobilized
Allied Powers
Russia
12,000,000
1,700,000
4,950,000
2,500,000
9,150,000
76.3
France
8,410,000
1,357,800
4,266,000
537,000
6,160,800
76.3
British Empire
8,904,467
908,371
2,090,212
191,652
3,190,235
35.8
Italy
5,615,000
650,000
947,000
600,000
2,197,000
39.1
United States
4,355,000
126,000
234,300
4,500
364,800
8.2
Japan
800,000
300
907
3
1,210
0.2
Romania
750,000
335,706
120,000
80,000
535,706
71.4
Serbia
707,343
45,000
133,148
152,958
331,106
46.8
Belgium
267,000
13,716
44,686
34,659
93,061
34.9
Greece
230,000
5,000
21,000
1,000
17,000
11.7
Portugal
100,000
7,222
13,751
12,318
33,291
33.3
50,000
3,000
10,000
7,000
20,000
40.0
42,188,810
5,152,115
12,831,004
4,121,090
22,104,209
52.3
11,000,000
1,773,700
4,216,058
1,152,800
7,142,558
64.9
Austria-Hungary
7,800,000
1,200,000
3,620,000
2,200,000
7,020,000
90.0
Turkey
2,850,000
325,000
400,000
250,000
975,000
34.2
Bulgaria
1,200,000
87,500
152,390
27,029
266,919
22.2
Total
22,850,000
3,386,200
8,388,448
3,629,829
15,404,477
67.4
Grand Total
65,038,810
8,538,315
21,219,452
7,750,919
37,508,686
57.6
Montenegro
Total
Central
Powers
Germany
Allied Powers
Cost in Dollars
in 1914-18
United States
22,625,253,000
Great Britain
35,334,012,000
France
24,265,583,000
Russia
22,293,950,000
Italy
12,413,998,000
Belgium
1,154,468,000
Japan
40,000,000
Serbia
399,400,000
Total of all
Costs
(including
other
countries
involved)
125,690,477,000
Central Powers
Cost in Dollars in 1914-18
Germany
37,775,000,000
Austria-Hungary
20,622,960,000
Turkey
1,430,000,000
Bulgaria
815,200,000
Total of all Costs
60,643,160,000