Protist Lab #1
Protozoans
Descriptive terms not taxa
• Protist = Eukaryotes that are not Fungi, Plants, or Animals
• Protozoans = “animal-like”, i.e., heterotrophic (to some extent)
• Structures for motility and/or feeding (typically)
• Describes based on ecological role as consumer (although some are
parasites/pathogens)
Prokaryotic Origins and Unity
Eukaryotic cell (emerged 1.8 billions years ago)
• Complex cytoskeleton
• promotes movement, endocytosis, & maintenance of asymmetry
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DNA/Chromosomes enclosed w/ in nucleus
Invagination of plasma membrane
Complex membrane-bound organelles
Mitochondria
endosymbiosis
Plastids (e.g., chloroplasts) in photosynthetic varieties
Single event gave rise
to mitochondria and all
euk cells
Later event(s) gave rise
to pastid containing
cells
Endosymbiotic Theory
cyanobacteria
divergence
proteobacteria
Eukaryotes
Endosymbiosis - mitochondria
Euryarchaeotes
Crenarchaeotes
UNIVERSAL
ANCESTOR
Nanoarchaeotes
Domain Archaea
Korarchaeotes
Domain
Eukarya
Figure
27.15
Proteobacteria
Spirochetes
Cyanobacteria
Gram-positive
bacteria
Domain Bacteria
Chlamydias
Historicaly protist groupings
• Based on nutritional mode
• Mode of movement/feeding
• Groups
• Protozoans (animal-like, mostly heterotrophic)
• Cilia, flagella, psuedopods
• Algae (plant-like, mostly photoautotrophic)
• By pigment (red, green, brown, golden)
• Slide Molds
• Cellular & plasmodial
Figure 28.2a
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans
Stramenopiles
secondary Endosymbiosis - plastids
Diatoms
Golden algae
Brown algae
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Forams
Rhizarians
Cercozoans
Radiolarians
Green
algae
Chlorophytes
Charophytes
Land plants
Archaeplastida
Red algae
Slime molds
Tubulinids
Entamoebas
Nucleariids
Opisthokonts
Fungi
Choanoflagellates
Animals
Unikonta
Amoebozoans
Primary Endosymbiosis - plastids
“SAR” clade
Dinoflagellates
Alveolates
Endosymbiosis mitochondria
Excavata
Diplomonads
Figure 28.2a
Excavata
Diplomonads
Parabasalids
Euglenozoans—Euglena, Trypanosoma
Based on cytoskeleton &
genetic data
Stramenopiles
Diatoms
Golden algae
“SAR” clade
Brown algae
Alveolates
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans -- Plasmodium
Ciliates – Paramecium & Vorticella
Based on whole genome
similarity
Forams
Rhizarians
Cercozoans
Radiolarians
Green
algae
Chlorophytes
Charophytes
Land plants
Archaeplastida
Red algae
Based on primary
endosymbiosis of
cyanobacterium
Tubulinids -- Amoeba
Entamoebas
Nucleariids
Opisthokonts
Fungi
Choanoflagellates
Animals
Unikonta
Amoebozoans
Slime molds
Based on genetic data
We will look at (depending on availability):
Live Cultures
• Paramecium & Vorticela
• SAR>avleolates>ciliates (cilia to move and/or feed)
• Amoeba (A. proteus) (amoeba is a general term that is not monophyletic)
• Unikonts>Tubulinids
• Euglena
• Excavata>Euglenozoans>euglenids
• Pond water (mixed protists)
Prepared Slides
• Trypanosoma
• Excavata>Euglenozoans>Kinetoplastids
• Plasmodium
• SAR>Alveolates>apicomplexans
• Paramecium in conjugation
• Radiolarians
•
SAR>rhizarians>Radiolarians
• Foraminiferans
• SAR>rhizarians>Forams