Unit G - Plant Science
Careers in Plant Science
 Career Areas:
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Forest Careers
 Growing, managing and harvesting trees for wood and its byproducts
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Horticulture Careers
 Floriculture- _____________________ production and use
 __________________________________
 plants used around homes and businesses for
aesthetic purposes
 Forest Careers
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Forester
 Helps with the science of growing trees
Forest Ranger
 _____________________________________________
Logging Foreman
 Supervise the harvesting of trees
 Floriculture (Horticulture)
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_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Retail florist
_____________________________________________
 Landscaping and nursery (Horticulture)
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Greenskeeper- _________________________________
Landscaper- installs plants
Landscape architect
Nursery operator- grows trees and shrubs
Turf farmer- grows turf (grass) for sale
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Plant Parts and Functions
Composed of many parts
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
Roots
 Often the ________________________ part of the plant
 Squash can have miles of roots
 Adventitious roots
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Found in places _______________________________
Poison ivy
Mistletoe
Two types of systems
1. _______________________- main root that usually grows down
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Carrots
2. ________________________- thin, hair like, and numerous
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Grass
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Corn
Root Tissue
 Root cap- _________________________________________
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Tough cells that ________________________the soil
Pushes through soil partials
 Area of cell division
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Allows roots to grow _______________________
New cell replace worn away cells
 Area of cell _________________________________
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Between the root cap and the plan base
Cells become longer
Cells become ________________________
 Xylem
Carries water and nutrients to the _________ portion of the plant
Phloem
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Pipeline
Carries food to the _________________________
Food is stored in the _______________________
Areas of cell maturation
 Where cells ________________________
 Root hairs emerge
 Develop on the surface of the root
 Absorb water and nutrients
 Damaged easily
 Cannot be replaced
Stems
_____________________________ leaves, flowers, fruit
 Types of stems:
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____________________________
____________________________
 Other stems:
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Bulbs (onions)
Rhizomes (wiregrass)
Tubers (potato)
Leaves
 Manufactures _____________________ for the plant
 Converts __________________________ into food
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Photosynthesis
 Help in the identification of plants
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Leaf ______________________
 Shape and size varies with each species
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________________________ leaves
________________________ leaves
Flowers
 Functions to produce _____________________________
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 Types of flowers
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______________________ (both male and female)
______________________
 Pollination
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The union of pollen with the female part of the flower
Assignment
Write a definition of the following terms in your notebook:
 Root cap
 Root hairs
 Woody
 Fruit
 Vegetable
 Perfect flower
 Herbaceous
 Stoma
 Bulbs
 Rhizomes
 Node
 Internode
 Simple leaves
 Guard cells
 Imperfect flower
 Cuticle
Photosynthesis
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 Light energy is connected to chemical energy
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______________________________ contains chlorophyll
_______________________________ are made (glucose)
_______________________________ is used
_______________________________ is produced
Slowing Photosynthesis
 Low _____________________ dioxide
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Greenhouse
Carbon dioxide _____________________________ are use to
help speed up photosynthesis
 Low _____________________
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Dark rooms
Light intensity matters
 Temperature
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Best at _____________________ degrees Fahrenheit
Extreme temps can _______________ photosynthesis
Respiration
Food is __________________________
_______________________ is released
__________________________ is used
_______________________ is produced
Occurs in both _______________________________
Transpiration
 Release of ____________________________ from the stomata
 90% of the water entering the roots
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______________________ is used in chemical processes
 Functions:
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_________________________
_________________________
maintaining ____________________ pressure
Plant Reproduction
 Two types of propagation:
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______________________________
 use of seed for reproducing plants
 only way to obtain new varieties and hybrid vigor
 often ___________________________________________
______________________________
 vegetative
 exact ________________________
Parts of the Flower
 _______________________ (male part)
Filament
 Anther- manufactures pollen
 Pollen- male sexual reproductive cell
Parts of the Flower
________________________ (female part)
 Stigma- receives the pollen
 Style- connection to the ovary
 Ovary- contains the ovules or female reproductive cells
Parts of the Flower
_________________________ (corolla)
 Colored part of the flower
 Attract insects or other natural pollinators
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The Seed
Parts of the seed:
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 _________________________ offers protection
 _________________________ supplies food for the seed
 _________________________is the young plant
Germination
 The seed starts to __________________________________
 Requires four environmental factors:
1. ____________________________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
4. ____________________________
Environmental Factors
 Water ______________________________ (absorption of water)
 Tough seed coat
 Scarifying seeds
 ___________________ is needed for respiration
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Seeds are ______________________ or alive
 ___________________
Some seeds need light while others do not
Seeds must have the right _______________________ to
germinate
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Asexual Propagation
Cutting ___________________________ parts of the plant:
 leaf cuttings
 ____________________________
 stem cuttings
 ____________________________
 grafting
 T-budding
 tissue culture (micropropagation)
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Soil and Plant Media
 Soil is the _________________ layer of the earth's surface
 Sphagunm moss
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_________________ growth
 Perlite
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___________________________
starting new plants
media mixes
 Vermiculite
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_________________________________________
stating plant seeds
cuttings
media mixes
 Peat _______________________
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used in media mixes
Soil pH
 Improper pH affects availability of ________________________
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Limits plant intake
 ____________________________ is usually applied as finely
ground dolomitic limestone
 calcium
 magnesium
Fertilizers
N-P-K
__________________-________________-_________________
Example: 10-10-10
 Fertilizers must become ______________________ (liquid form)
before they can be used by plants
 ____________________ fertilizers
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Manure
Bone meal (phosphorus)
Soybean meal
 Organic fertilizers
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slow acting
long lasting
lacking some primary nutrients
 Inorganic
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High level of nutrients
Plant Identification
Plant ID for Agriscience
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Chlorophytum comosum
COMMON NAME: Spider plant
FOLIAGE: arching leaves with cascading wiry stems
FLOWERS: small white flowers
ID FEATURE: many times will contain tiny plantlets at the apex of
leaves
Euphorbia pulcherrima
COMMON NAME: Poinsettia
FORM: shrub
FOLIAGE: large alternate leaves with or without teeth on the
margin
FLOWER: cup-shaped flowers in a cluster above the showy red,
pink, or creamy leaf bracts with a large yellow gland on the rim of
the flower
Hedera helix
COMMON NAME: English Ivy
FORM: a vine climbing by aerial rootlets or a prostrate groundcover
FOLIAGE: leaves are dark green with white veins, leathery
evergreen foliage, alternate leaf arrangement, 1.5 to 4” long,
juvenile leaves are 3 to 5 lobed and adult leaves are not lobed
Liriope muscari
 COMMON NAME:
Liriope
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 FORM: grass-like perennial 12 to 18 inch tall clumps
 FOLIAGE: strap-like, arching, glossy, dark green leaves (to 1” wide)
 FLOWERS: erect, showy flower spikes with tiered whorls of dense,
violet-purple flowers
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Nephrolepis exaltata
COMMON NAME: Boston Fern
FORM: evergreen fern, up to 5 feet tall
Reproduces by spores located on the bottom side of leaves
Philodendron scandens
COMMON NAME: Parlor Ivy
FORM: trailing growth form
FOLIAGE: Heart shaped, glossy, dark green leaves, 4” long and 3”
wide
Saintpaulia ionantha
COMMON NAME: African violet
FORM: from miniature varieties of 4 inches wide, to large varieties
more than 15 inches wide
FOLIAGE: large, flat, succulent, pubescent leaves
FLOWERS: varies in color from pink, white, blue, red and bicolor
Spathiphyllum cv.
COMMON NAME: Peace Lily
FORM: perennial herb
FOLIAGE: leaves are basal, elongated, pointed at both ends dark
green with conspicuously indented veins
FLOWERS: small on spadix surrounded by a white or greenish, flat
or concave spathe
Tradescantia zebrina
COMMON NAME: Purple Wandering Jew
FORM: trailing vine-like plant, vines can grow to several feet in
length
FOLIAGE: 2” wide and 4”long leaves that are purple with silver
stripes
Viola X wittrockiana
COMMON NAME: pansy
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 FORM:
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low, bushy growing habit with a height of .25 to .75 feet tall
and a width of .5 to .75 feet
FLOWERS: white, yellow, black, brown, lavender, purple, blue, pink,
often with blotches that resemble animals’ faces
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