Sustainable Energy Technology
Theo van der Meer
Why are we interested in new energy technologys?
populatie /
miljoen
Growth of world population
jaar
How many barrels of oil do we use
every day?
The Dutch targets for 2020 where/are:
2% efficiency improvement per jaar
20/14/16% sustainable energy in 2020
30% CO2 reduction in 2020 refered to 1990
Necessary investments: 8-9 biljon Euro per year
(study of ECN)
And what are the Dutch actions????
New government with new (lower) targets:
 Free market (optimization to Profit)
 Poldermodel
Will we reach our targets??
For a stabilization of CO2 emissions by the
year 2050 we need to:
Efficiency
All cars:
Double the
efficiency
Evolution
Nuclear energy:
Triple the number of
power plants
Revolution
Solar cells:
700 x more capacity
Wind energy:
50 x more wind energy
All buildings:
Improve to best e-level
‘clean fossil’:
Store CO2 of 800 power plants
Bio-energy
50 x more ethanol production
Bron: Carbon Mitigation Initiative; www.princeton.edu
Energy scenario’s
International Energy Agency
ACTS scenario:
De CO2 concentration in 2050 back to
the level of 2005
Blue scenario:
De CO2 concentration in 2050 50%
lower than in 2005
Energiescenario’s of the International Energy
Agency
Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM
For the Blue Map scenario we have to build
yearly?
 35 coal power plants with CO2 storage (500 MW)
17,5 GW
 20 gas fired power plants with CO2 storage (500 MW)
10 GW
 32 Nuclear power plants (1000 MW)
32 GW
 1/5 of the Canadian hydro power plants
18 GW
 100 Biomass plants (50 MW)
5 GW
 14000 wind turbines on land (4MW)
52 GW
 3750 wind turbines at sea (4MW)
15 GW
 130 geothermal plants (100 MW)
13 GW
 215 miljon m2 solar collectors
30 GW
 80 thermal solar power plants (250 MW)
20 GW
Total power to be installed yearly:
212,5 GW
Bron: IEA Energy Technology Perspectives
Can we do without fossil fuels?
All energy from sun, earth and moon:
 Sun: 2.700 Zettajoule per year (1021 J/year) is absorbed by
the earth.
 Earth: geothermal energy production: 1 ZJ/year
 Moon: tidal energy: 0,1 ZJ/year
 Nuclear fission??
Yearly we need: 0,5 ZJ/year,
Equal to16 TW (16 1012 W)
Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM
Can we do without fossil fuels?
Also from the sun:





Wind energy 20 ZJ/year
Wave energy 0,2 Zj/year
biomass 5 ZJ/year
Hydro power 0,1 ZJ/year
Blue energy 0,05 ZJ/year
Bron: Kleine energieatlas, VROM
Can we do without fossil fuels?
100% sun in 2050
Area of
1000 X 1000 km.
In the Sahara!
Thermal solar
plants
Planta Solar 10 and 20 solar power towers
Total 31 MW
3 more expansive as a coal plant
Solar Energy Generating systems in Calafornia
9 plants, total power 350 MW
936.384 mirrors, surface area of 6,5 km2
Total installed power: 667 MW, being built: 1,7 GW
Thermal solar power plants
Desertec
12 companies involved: Munich Re, TREC, Deutsche Bank,
Siemens, ABB, E.ON, RWE, Abengoa Solar, Cevital, HSH
Nordbank, M & W Zander Holding, MAN Solar Millennium, and
Schott Solar.
15% of Europes electicity needs
Master Sustainable Energy Technology
TU Eindhoven officially started in June 2005
with an approved master program.
In April 2006 upgraded to a national master
program (TUE/TUDelft/UT)
Combination between technical (75%) and
social sciences (25%), contrary to Utrecht with
25-75%
Comparable programs in Oldenburg,
Stockholm, Leeds en Reading
program objectives
Domain-specific requirements
Broad:
Have disciplinary theoretical and technical knowledge
(broad)
able to evaluate conventional and sustainable energy
systems in integrated electrical system context
able to evaluate sustainable energy systems in the
societal context
able to design energy systems
able to analyze and understand the socio- technical nature
of system innovations
Deep:
expert in at least one sub-area
Consequences of broadness
Large differences in knowledge of the students (BW, CT, EL,
TN, AT)
Students will find one course too simple, and the next more
difficult
Teachers have to deal with differences in background
Positive is that you learn how to deal with this:
find quickly the necessary missing ingredients
cooperate with students with other background
Broadness is not easy, BUT WE WANT IT.
The curriculum
Energy from biomass
Solar energy
Wind energy
Electrical power engineering and system integration
Hydrogen technology
System innovation and strategic niche management
24 EC
The curriculum
introductory course:
Sustainable energy technologies
courses to reach adequate basic levels in
mathematics, physics, chemistry and design
engineering:
Transport phenomena,
Energy systems,
Chemical reactor engineering
courses to reach adequate basic levels in social
sciences:
Energy and economy
The curriculum
system integration projects (6+9 EC):
‘System integration projects 1 and 2’ (Can be replaced by
an Internship)
elective courses in preparation for the graduation
project (15 EC):
graduation project (45 EC):
In one of the following topics:
Solar Energy, Wind energy, Biomass, Hydrogen, Intelligent
electricity networks and Transition policy.
Choice for research group/professor has to be made in the
first quarter of the first year.
The curriculum
Internship:
Abengoa, Grolsch, NEM, Stork, Tri-O-Gen, Twence,
Hygear, GE-wind, Nicaragua, Cambodja, Indonesie, Zuid
Afrika, ECN, TNO, EDON, ENECO, Energie Delfland,
EnergieNed, EPON, GASTEC, KEMA, Shell, Stork
3TU master
Eindhoven
Delft
Twente
Biomass
small scale
conversion units
large scale
power
generation
thermal and chemical
conversion processes for
the use of biomass as an
energy carrier and
chemicals
Solar
energy
production of
amorphous silicon
and polymer solar
cells
nanostructured 3D
solar cells
integration of solar
energy into products
3TU master
Eindhoven
Delft
Twente
Wind
energy
fluid structure
interaction
mainly
concentrated in
Delft
computational fluid
dynamics of wind
turbines
Hydrogen
technology
small scale
production of
hydrogen
production using
sustainable
energy and
storage of
hydrogen
large scale production
of hydrogen
Research groups on:
• Thermal conversion of biomass (Brem (CTW), Kersten
(TNW), Lefferts (TNW)), Van der Meer (CTW)
• Pyrolysis/gasification/CO2 capture/combustion of
biofuels
Research groups on:
• Membrane-based energy production (Nijmeyer (TNW))
• water treatment (purification), bioreactors,
• fuel cells
• Blue energy
Research groups on:
• Use of sustainable energy in consumer products and
in buildings (De Wulf (CTW), Reinders (CTW)),
• New concepts for PV modules
• Simulation of irradiance and PV systems
• Product integrated PV
Research groups on:
• Water footprint of biomass (Hoekstra, Gerbens (CTW))
Global weighted average green (precipitation), blue (ground and surface
water) and grey (water related to pollution) water footprints of ethanol for
ten crops
Research groups on:
• Design and production with light weight and smart
materials (Akkerman, ME)
• Composite integrated PV
• Composite materials for wind
turbine blades
• Structural health monitoring of wind
turbine systems (sensors, structural
behavior, material degredation)
• Self healing materials for off shore
wind turbines
Research groups on:
• Engineering fluid dynamics in wind energy
(Hoeijmakers, ME)
• Rotating flow machines
• Aero-acoustics
• Fluid structure interaction
and aero-elasticity
Research groups on:
Materials and systems (Ter Brake, Dhalhe (TNW))
• Superconducting magnets for fusion reactors
• Superconducting generators for wind turbines
• Magnetic storage of electical power (friction-less flywheels)
• Energy recovery in LNG re-gasification
• Thermal properties of nanofluids
Research groups on:
Production of solar cells with laser techniques (Huis in ‘t
Veld, ME)
Drilling, texturing, doping, grooving, cutting, removal of
oxides.
Research groups on:
• Smart grids (Smit (EWI), Embedded Systems)
Research groups on:
Micro-CHP and heat pumps (Van der Meer (CTW), Ter
Brake (TNW))
• Heat engines
• New heat exchange material
• Heat storage systems (long and short term)
Research groups on:
Advanced materials (several groups in MESA+)
• Semiconductor materials with catalytic functionality
• Solar fuels (conversion of solar energy into chemicals)
• Micro-reactor technology for production of photovoltaic
materials
Research groups on:
Sustainable energy and society (Arentsen, CSTM)
• Business and project management
• Policy and management
• Science technology studies
Program supervision of the M.Sc. program
dr. ir. De Lange (TU/e),
prof.dr.ir. Th.H, van der Meer (UT) and
prof.dr. Kloosterman (TUDelft).
Program administration: In Twente at CTW
There are three target groups for the program:
1. Bachelor students from technical and related
science programs at Dutch universities
2. Bachelor students from polytechnic colleges
for higher education (in particular energy
technology);
3. Bachelor students from technical and related
science programs at foreign universities.
Admission
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Mechanical Engineering,
Applied Physics,
Chemical Engineering,
Electrical Engineering,
Installation Technology and
Technology Management of TU/e, TUD and UT,
Other technical B.Sc.-programs of Dutch universities:
Pre-master
8. B-Sc programs from polytechnic colleges: Pre-master
9. Foreign students: check on level, English (similar to
other Masters)
And what when you have finished your study
KEMA
Dutch Space
TUE
UT
Onderzoeksinstuut in Australie
BAM
Saxion
Mastervolt (inverters voor zonne-energie)
ECN
IF Technologies
Does the market need SET-masters?
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A market inventory says: YES
To reach our ambitious goals: YES
In the midst of our economic crisis: YES
When the crisis is over: YES