Chapter 11 Section 2
Life Behind the Lines
Draft
• Required military
service
Describe the draft laws in the South
• Men ages 18-35
required to serve in the
military for 3 years
• Extended service of
volunteers for 2 more
years
• Upper age of the draft
eventually extended to
50
Describe the draft laws in the North
• Men ages 18-35 eligible
for military service
• Northerners could pay
the government to
avoid service
• Men could hire
substitutes to fight in
their place
Recognition
• Official acceptance as
an independent nation
– Confederacy failed to
obtain this
• However, the
Confederacy did receive
some support from
Britain and France
Greenback
• 1862- Congress passes
and act that creates a
national currency
• Called greenbacks
because of their color
• Not backed by gold
• Declared by Congress to
be acceptable for all
legal payment of all
public or private debt
Copperhead
• A group of the very few
Democrats left in Congress
• They raised protest against
the war
• They argued that
Republican policies would
bring a flood of freed slaves
to the North and take jobs
away from whites
– Some urged army
desertion and resistance
to the draft
Martial Law
• Emergency rule by
military authorities
• Some Bill of Right
guarantees are
suspended
• Lincoln exercised this
power
– Only President to ever do
so
– Did this to ensure the
border states stayed in the
Union
Writ of Habeas Corpus
• A legal protection
requiring that a court
determine if a person is
lawfully imprisoned
– Without it, people can
be held in prison
indefinitely
– Lincoln suspended this
– More than 13,000
Americans who objected
to the war were
imprisoned without trial
How were martial law and the suspension
of habeas corpus used to silence
dissenters?
• Lincoln used martial law
to ensure Kentucky would
remain loyal to the union
• Suspending habeas
corpus imprison, without
trial, those who objected
to the Union
government’s policies
during the war
– Kept dissenters quiet and
out of sight
Emancipation Proclamation
• Freed the slaves in the
Confederacy
Why did Lincoln decide to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation?
• Lincoln recognized the
importance of slavery to
the South’s war effort
• Came to regard ending
slavery as another
strategy to end the war
• Kept Europe away
– No European nation
would fight a war to
defend slavery
Make a list of the effects of the Emancipation
Proclamation in both the North and South. Underline
the two most important effects.
• South’s slaves freed
themselves by escaping
to the Union
• Encouraged African
Americans to join the
Union army
• Ended any chance of
French or British
intervention in the war
What caused tension between the
Union and Great Britain?
• British were talking to
the Southern
Government
• The British received
representatives from
the Confederacy
– The U.S. eventually
caught the two reps. and
arrested them
• Britain almost declared
war over this
Contraband
• Property confiscated
that becomes the
property of the enemy
government
– The Union used this
definition to free slaves
they encountered
• The Union government
would become the new
slave owner, then set the
slaves free
Describe the conditions inside
Andersonville Prison Camp.
• Located in South
• Built to hold 10,000, but
eventually held 35,000
• About 100 prisoners a day
died there- usually of
starvation or exposure
• The camp’s commander
was the only Confederate
executed for war crimes
when the war ended
Describe medical care during the Civil
War.
• Disease killed many
• Poor nutrition and
contaminated food led to
illness
• A Union soldier was 3
times more likely to die in
a camp or hospital than
on the battlefield
• 20% on Union soldiers
wounded in battle died
from their wounds
Describe medical care during the Civil
War.
• Doctors did not know
how to sterilize their
equipment