Forging a Public Agenda for Higher
Education in the New Legislative
Session
AASCU Higher Education Government Relations Conference
December 1, 2010
Public Policy Issues Facing Higher
Education in 2009-10 (AGB)
• The Recession
• Heightened Scrutiny of Nonprofit Organizations
• The New GI Bill
• Accountability
• K-12 Education
• Global Competitiveness, Changing Demographics, and the
Workforce
• Federal Research Support
• Higher Education Governance
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
The Recession: The National Context
• According to a recent survey by the National Governors Association, the
recession has resulted in budget gaps totaling $297 billion across the states
between FY 2009 and FY 2012. State general fund spending declined in
both FY 2009 and FY 2010, the first-ever back-to-back annual declines.
• The NGA/NASBO Fiscal Survey of the States (2010) indicates that FY
2010 presented the most difficult challenge for states since the Great
Depression, and FY 2011 is expected to present similar challenges.
• The size of state government has been downsized. Nationally, nearly 50,000
fewer state government jobs exist (excluding teachers) than in 2008,
according to NASBO. In FY 2010, 26 states laid off employees, 22 utilized
furlough programs and 12 reduced salaries.
• At the collegiate level, institutions have adopted layoffs and furloughs,
eliminated academic programs and student support services, closed colleges,
limited course offerings, increased class sizes, and capped enrollment to
offset budget reductions and minimize tuition and fee increases.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
The Recession: Operating Budgets
• In fiscal years 2009 and 2010, 48
states experienced large budget
shortfalls, with more than half
reducing operating budgets for higher
education.
• While stimulus funds were utilized to
offset many of these state reductions
in operating revenues, over 85
percent of state stimulus aid was
exhausted in FY 2009 and 2010.
6.0%
5.0%
Yearly % Change
• In FY 2009 state appropriations for
higher education fell by 2 percent and
by another 3 percent in FY 2010 (or
$2.7 billion below the FY 2009
level).
Historical Summary of Higher
Education Price Index and
Consumer Price Index FY 20012010
5.1%
4.9%
3.7%
4.0%
3.0%
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
5.0%
3.8%
2.8% 3.7%
3.9%
3.4%
2.0%
1.9%
HEPI
2.3%
3.0%
CPI
2.6%
2.2% 2.2%
1.8%
1.0%
0.9%
1.4%
1.0%
0.0%
Source: HEPI, 2010 Report
Source: AASCU, Fiscal and State Policy Issues Affecting Postsecondary Education: State Outlook,
2010; AGB, 2010).
5.1%
After stimulus, budget gaps could approach 7 percent of
spending or $120 billion under the “High-Gap” scenario
Source: Don Boyd (Rockefeller Institute of Government), 2009
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
The Recession: State Funding Challenges
• North Carolina: The state is facing a $3.5 billion budget gap and has requested that
higher education prepare a 10% reduction strategy, which equates to $270 million.
The UNC System experienced reductions of 3% ($70m) in 2010.
• California: The Cal State system will institute a 5% mid-year tuition increase, which
will be followed by a 10% increase for 2011. These increases follow a 30% increase
for the fall 2010 semester.
• Colorado: $300 million (about half of total appropriation) at risk if state budget does
not rise by $1 billion. Higher education leaders have called for tax increases to offset
cuts.
• Texas: 10% cuts planned to follow current 5% cuts – could impact more than $110
million in financial aid.
• University of Wisconsin System: Approved a 5.5 percent increase for the upcoming
academic year. This is the fourth straight year of increases at those levels.
• Florida: State universities will increase tuition by up to 15 percent this year, which
follows a similar increase for the prior academic year.
• Northeastern University: Eliminated the football program to offset declining
revenues.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Average Tuition & Fees (2010-11)
State
2009-10 Rank 2010-11
SREB average
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
$6,304
$6,487
$5,980
$9,012
$4,316
$5,008
$7,116
$4,282
$7,476
$4,947
$4,539
$5,421
$9,520
$6,098
$7,328
$7,936
$4,980
7
9
2
15
11
6
16
4
13
14
10
1
8
5
3
12
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
$6,769
$7,374
$6,298
$9,659
$4,886
$5,916
$7,511
$4,727
$7,744
$4,947
$5,196
$5,762
$10,155
$6,525
$7,743
$8,814
$5,049
Rank % Change Rank
7
9
2
15
10
6
16
4
14
12
11
1
8
5
3
13
7.4%
13.7%
5.3%
7.2%
13.2%
18.1%
5.6%
10.4%
3.6%
0.0%
14.5%
6.3%
6.7%
7.0%
5.7%
11.1%
1.4%
Source: Trends in College Pricing, 2010. Table 6c. College Board
3
13
7
4
1
12
6
14
16
2
10
9
8
11
5
15
WV Peer Tuition Comparisons (2010-11)
Institution
Bluefield State College
Concord University
Fairmont State University
Glenville State College
Marshall University
Shepherd University
Potomac State College of WVU
West Liberty University
West Virginia State University
West Virginia University
WVU Institute of Technology
2010
Tuition
$4,596
$4,974
$5,172
$4,888
$5,285
$5,234
$2,886
$4,880
$4,664
$5,406
$5,164
Peer 2010 Rank in Tuition 10-Year Peer 10-Year
Tuition Among 20 Peer Percentage Percentage
Average
Institutions
Change
Change
$6,429
18
93.11%
91.64%
$6,259
16
82.60%
80.69%
$6,048
14
114.78%
88.48%
$7,554
19
90.34%
95.97%
$6,526
17
94.02%
79.25%
$6,034
12
100.69%
92.44%
$2,893
8
31.66%
77.05%
$6,440
15
93.96%
92.47%
$5,915
18
82.05%
71.52%
$8,235
19
83.38%
100.03%
$7,033
16
82.09%
97.44%
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
10-Year
Peer 10-Year
Tuition
Tuition Change
Change
$2,216
$3,074
$2,250
$2,795
$2,764
$2,839
$2,320
$3,699
$2,561
$2,885
$2,626
$2,898
$694
$1,259
$2,364
$3,094
$2,102
$2,466
$2,458
$4,118
$2,328
$3,471
Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education (2010)
Declining Role of State Support per FTE
70.00%
66.14%
64.23%
65.00%
SREB
61.63%
60.00%
58.23%
58.47%
59.84%
55.00%
55.94%
55.11%
55.45%
56.09%
53.60%
53.49%
50.00%
45.65%
45.00%
41.57%
40.00%
WV
39.38%
38.21%
38.10%
35.00%
37.63%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
Source: SREB Data Exchange 2009
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
The Shifting Dependency on Tuition Revenues
State Revenues
Tuition Revenues
SREB states
2000-01 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2000-01 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
66.14% 55.11% 55.45% 56.09% 53.49% 33.86% 44.89% 44.55% 43.91% 46.51%
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
53.50%
66.18%
38.39%
78.15%
72.61%
62.30%
60.67%
60.33%
65.52%
79.56%
69.29%
64.56%
61.06%
65.59%
60.90%
58.47%
50.71%
56.62%
33.36%
70.27%
66.55%
49.58%
58.64%
47.84%
51.79%
67.98%
54.31%
34.04%
53.42%
53.03%
46.62%
39.38%
53.13%
56.85%
32.99%
71.23%
65.59%
50.15%
60.85%
50.29%
52.94%
68.39%
55.28%
34.73%
54.12%
51.30%
46.92%
38.21%
56.23%
59.85%
33.46%
71.92%
65.51%
48.38%
65.62%
51.54%
55.79%
70.00%
54.96%
36.43%
54.00%
51.17%
44.55%
38.10%
48.31%
57.18%
32.74%
69.72%
61.96%
43.99%
61.67%
51.14%
54.75%
70.08%
51.84%
30.76%
49.53%
48.57%
44.18%
37.63%
46.50%
33.82%
61.61%
21.85%
27.39%
37.70%
39.33%
39.67%
34.48%
20.44%
30.71%
35.44%
38.94%
34.41%
39.10%
41.53%
49.29%
43.38%
66.64%
29.73%
33.45%
50.42%
41.36%
52.16%
48.21%
32.02%
45.69%
65.96%
46.58%
46.97%
53.38%
60.62%
46.87%
43.15%
67.01%
28.77%
34.41%
49.85%
39.15%
49.71%
47.06%
31.61%
44.72%
65.27%
45.88%
48.70%
53.08%
61.79%
43.77%
40.15%
66.54%
28.08%
34.49%
51.62%
34.38%
48.46%
44.21%
30.00%
45.04%
63.57%
46.00%
48.83%
55.45%
61.90%
51.69%
42.82%
67.26%
30.28%
38.04%
56.01%
38.33%
48.86%
45.25%
29.92%
48.16%
69.24%
50.47%
51.43%
55.82%
62.37%
Source: SREB Data Exchange 2009
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Total Support per FTE (Public Four-Year)
State
GeneralPurpose
SREB states
Alabama
Arkansas
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maryland
Mississippi
North Carolina
Oklahoma
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
West Virginia
•
$6,874
5,474
5,926
7,302
7,652
7,235
6,216
6,955
8,742
6,766
10,975
6,347
4,017
5,554
6,651
5,659
3,725
2008-09
State
Tuition
Educational
and Fee
Special-Purpose Revenues
$701
694
1,291
428
998
553
958
801
794
1,343
577
696
803
546
443
547
713
$6,588
6,600
5,404
15,883
3,757
4,780
9,134
4,821
9,112
6,701
4,933
6,543
10,851
6,215
7,511
7,843
7,237
Total
$14,163
12,768
12,620
23,613
12,407
12,568
16,309
12,577
18,649
14,810
16,485
13,587
15,671
12,315
14,604
14,050
11,675
Change in Total
Rankings
2003-04 to 2008-09
Total
(adjusted for inflation) Funding per
Dollars
Percent
FTE
$891
-333
-1,050
2,053
-585
-1,268
1,540
2,648
317
86
1,376
2,669
2,373
-678
1,976
1,175
1,518
6.7
-2.5
-7.7
9.5
-4.5
-9.2
10.4
26.7
1.7
0.6
9.1
24.4
17.8
-5.2
15.7
9.1
14.9
Given current FTE levels, the variance in state revenues for WV against the
SREB average is $189.8 million. The total revenue variance is $150 million.
Source: SREB Factbook 2009
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
10
11
1
14
13
4
12
2
6
3
9
5
15
7
8
16
Policy Strategies: Change Funding Structures
• Indiana, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, and West
Virginia have all made changes to their funding formulas to
reward completion, not just enrollment.
• Many states have attempted to use such formulae to distribute
budget reductions.
• The state of Washington has begun providing performance
based funding to their community and technical colleges based
on intermediate markers of students success (momentum
points) such as developing basic skills, first year retention, and
completing college level math.
• Lumina Making Opportunity efforts are focused upon such
initiatives are should be looked to for emerging best practices.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
WV Funding Model
Drivers of the
Adjusted
Enrollment:
Model
Multiplier for Credit Hour Enrollment
by Program and Level
Total Public
Funding
Incentives: Increased Enrollment in UpperDivision Courses (Retention) and
Enrollment in STEM Fields
Improved Performance:
Adjusted for:
State and Student
Share
Increased Enrollment of NonTraditional Students (25 and
Older)
Increased Degree
Production – by Level
Incentives: Improved Performance in Serving UnderEducated Adults, Degree Production, and course
completion
Inflation
Peer Equity:
Closing Gaps with Peers over 10 Years
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
The National Focus on Efficiency, Productivity, and Outcomes
Cost Savings in Administration
•
•
•
•
•
Strategic procurement
Shared services for ‘back office’ functions (payroll, audit)
Energy costs– demand and infrastructure
Personnel Costs
Refunding of Bonds
Strategic Investment
•
•
•
Retrofitting of mechanical equipment
Transfer of savings to student services functions
Purchase of IT systems or equipment to increase productivity
Academic Efficiencies
•
•
•
•
•
Increase in number of graduates (reduction in attrition)
Improvement in cost/effectiveness of developmental education
Academic program consolidation of high cost/low demand programs
Increase in credits earned through off campus, distance-based, or credit by
examination
Implement alternative delivery methods and curriculum redesign aligned with
learning goals and outcomes
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Accountability: The National Accent on
Performance
• Sustained pressure to increase the number of college degrees
awarded so that increased educational attainment levels can lead
to state-wide economic improvement and expanded civic
engagement.
• Increase the number of degrees awarded in STEM fields by
expanding coursework offerings and academic programs in
science, math, and technology fields.
• Pressures to protect the state’s investment in human capital and
our students’ investment of personal capital by increasing
graduation and retention rates.
• Pressure to protect and subsequently measure quality through
the assessment of learning and educational activity (CLA and
NSSE).
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Accountability: The Focus on College
Completion
• National and regional policy organizations have made the topic
of completion the national agenda. This work is heavily
supported by foundation efforts.
• Complete College America: Alliance of 24 states focused on
taking bold actions to significantly increase the number of
students successfully completing college and achieving
degrees and credentials with value in the labor market.
Participating states have pledged efforts to close attainment
gaps for traditionally underrepresented populations.
• The College Board: A ten-part action plan called the College
Completion Agenda Developed with the goal of 55 percent
of 25- to 34-year-olds earning an associate’s degree or
higher by 2025.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Accountability: The Focus on College
Completion
• National Governors Association: Complete to Compete
initiative aimed at significantly enhancing degree attainment
through better data collection and increased higher education
productivity.
• Completion metrics are in two categories: Outcomes (graduation and
transfer rates, number of degrees awarded and the average amount of
time and number of credits it takes to get a degree) and Progress
(enrollment and success rates for remedial education, success rates in
first-year courses, retention rates, and the number of credits finished in
the first year.)
• These measures should be collected and reported at the campus,
system, and state levels, and should be broken out by race, income
(measured by whether or not a student receives a Pell Grant), age, and
full-time/part-time status.
• Productivity metrics are being developed.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Accountability: The Need to Ensure Quality
• Institutions must remain diligent in their efforts to protect
academic quality. Through the leadership of AACU, the LEAP
initiative champions the importance of a liberal arts education,
and measures to evaluate student outcomes. Examples of best
practices include:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
First year seminars and experiences
Common core curricula
Learning communities
Writing intensive courses
Collaborative and cohort based learning approaches
Undergraduate research
Diversity and global learning
Service learning and community based learning
Internships
Capstone Courses
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Action Agenda in WV Focused upon Accountability
• Revised Compact Process focused on measuring and
assessing student learning, including efforts to improve
retention and graduation rates
• Statewide utilization of the Collegiate Learning Assessment
• National Survey of Student Engagement
• Creation of campus culture of assessment and utilization of
results for continuous improvement
• Participate in national student loan clearinghouse and other
data linkage efforts with K12 and workforce to track student
mobility
• Movement to incentive funding to accentuate public agenda
goals
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
20
NCHEMS Detailed Student Flow Model for Public Higher Education
(Measures Used to Project the Impact of Improved Performance by 2025)
Inputs
(Population Projections)
Enrollment
Distribution
Input Rates
1. High School Graduation
Rates
1. High School Graduates
2. 20 to 24 Year Olds
1. First-Year Retention Rates
2. College-Going Rates
Recently Out of High School
3. Participation Rate of 20 to 24
Year Olds
3. 25 to 49 Year Olds
4. Out-of-State Students
Throughput Rates
2. Six-Year Graduation Rates
By Sector
3. Transfer Rates from Two- to
Four-Year Colleges
4. Four-Year Graduation Rates
of Transfer Students
4. Participation Rate of 25 to 49
Year Olds
Assessed Outcomes
Data Sources
1. Projections of High School Graduates – WICHE Knocking at the College Door
2. Projections by Age-Group – U.S. Census Bureau or State Demographer
3. High School Graduation Rates – NCES, Common Core Data
1. Additional Certificates, Associate, and Bachelors
Degrees Produced
4. College-Going Rates Recently Out of High School – NCES, Common Core
Data and IPEDS Fall Residency and Migration Survey
2. Additional Enrollment Needed by Sector
5. Participation Rate by Age-Group – Detailed Cohort Data Provided by SHEEO
Agency and U.S. Census Bureau
3. Additional Costs to the State and Students
Operating at Current $ per FTE Student
6. Throughput Rates (Retention, Transfer, and Graduation Rates) – Detailed
Cohort Data Provided by SHEEO Agency
7. Data for Cost Assessing Outcomes – NCES, IPEDS Finance Survey or SHEEO
Agency
4. Decreased Spending on “Dropouts” (State and
Institutions)
Dashboard
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
K-12 Education: Common Core Standards
• The Common Core State Standards were developed by
states, the National Governors Association (NGA), and the
Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO)
• They have been adopted by 37 states and territories so far.
• Two groups of states have been funded by the US
Department of Education to develop and adopt student
assessment systems aligned to the Common Core Standards
over the next four years.
• Both systems are committed to assessing the college and
career readiness of high school students and are intended to
facilitate alignment between K-12 and higher education
standards.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Course Alignment and Remediation
• Approximately 40 percent of all students enrolled in education enroll in at
least one remedial course at an estimated to cost states of $1 billion per
year.
• Aligning expectations for student learning outcomes between K-12 and
higher education can facilitate a decrease in the need for remediation as well
as provide a basis for increased use of dual enrollment.
• Related efforts focus on common assessments of readiness and early
remediation, an initiative championed by SREB.
• National Center for Academic Transformation (NCAT) has helped hundreds
of colleges use technology to increase student performance and decrease
costs. Tennessee, Maryland, and Arizona all have multi-institution course
redesigns taking place.
• Recent reforms in Tennessee deserve review and consideration for states
considering such policy change.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Cracks in the Pipeline
State
South Dakota
Iowa
Pennsylvania
Virginia
Delaware
Ohio
Maryland
North Carolina
United States
West Virginia
Oklahoma
Arkansas
South Carolina
Florida
Louisiana
Georgia
Alabama
Texas
Tennessee
Kentucky
Mississippi
For e ve ry
100 Ninth
Grade rs
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Graduate
from High
School
82
84
78
73
65
76
74
64
70
73
74
75
52
55
69
54
60
68
63
65
60
Ente r
Colle ge
56
52
46
42
36
40
43
41
39
39
39
42
35
29
37
35
36
35
30
34
36
Still Enrolle d
Sophomore
Ye ar
36
33
35
31
26
28
30
28
27
26
23
27
23
21
26
23
23
22
21
22
23
Graduate
within 6
ye ars
28
27
27
22
20
19
19
19
18
16
15
15
15
15
14
14
14
13
13
11
11
Source: National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (2004)
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Policy Strategies: Expand non-traditional learning
and focus on adults
• Western Governors University – Indiana is an innovative
model for offering competency based online bachelor and
master’s degrees at a low-cost as part of a state system.
• Arizona has expanded partnerships between the state’s
public universities and community colleges to provide more
affordable options for students. This partnership includes
joint admission, seamless transfer, and low-cost tuition
guarantees.
• States such as Louisiana, Oklahoma, and West Virginia have
developed targeted adult degree completion programs to
drive adults with some college, but no degree, back to postsecondary education.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
The RBA Today: A Focus on Non-Traditional
Students
Degree seeking students who did not complete with Bachelor's degree (Age 25-55)
Academic Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
0
811
1,030
1,067
1,085
1,092
1,002
1,221
1,087
Hours Completed
01 to 29 30 to 59 60 to 89 90 or more
4,140
2,194
1,755
1,007
4,713
2,271
1,776
1,171
5,091
2,504
1,744
1,164
4,682
2,251
1,808
1,338
4,648
2,345
1,837
1,502
4,227
2,176
1,781
1,440
4,952
2,230
1,897
1,377
4,965
2,453
2,037
1,635
Total
9,538
42,453
21,208
16,723
12,538
Total
9,907
10,961
11,570
11,164
11,424
10,626
11,677
12,177
102,460
• More than 173,000 West Virginians have some college, but no degree.
• More than 29,000 students departed college between 1995 and 2002 with more than
60 hours completed, but no degree.
• These students are the focus of the RBA Today degree completion effort.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Global Competitiveness
• Once first in the world, America now ranks 10th in the
percentage of young adults with a college degree.
• To lead the world again, we will need 60 percent of Americans
to have a college degree. Our current attainment rate is 41
percent. Korea leads developed countries with 58 percent.
• For the first time in our history, the current generation of
college-age Americans will be less educated than their parents’
generation.
• America is the developed country where a student who starts
college is the least likely to graduate on-time.
Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2010
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
International Comparisons
• Once first in the world, America now ranks 10th in the percentage of young adults
with a college degree.
• For the first time in our history, the current generation of college-age Americans will
be less educated than their parents’ generation.
Differences in College Attainment (Associate and Higher) Between Young and Older Adults—U.S. and OECD Countries, 2004
60
Age 25-34
Age 45-54
40
20
0
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Turk
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Czec
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epub
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Slov
Italy
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West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Global Competitiveness
• America is the developed country where a student who starts college is the least
likely to graduate on-time.
Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2010
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Changing Demographics
• U.S. Census Bureau data show that in 2005, 31 percent of white
adults age 25 and older held at least a bachelor’s degree. For
black adults it was 18 percent, and for Hispanic adults, 12
percent.
• Completion rates also differ significantly, with 59 percent of
white students completing a bachelor’s degree in 6 years, but
only 47 percent of Hispanic students and 41 percent of blacks do
so.
• Without addressing the achievement gaps that exist between
students from different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups,
the states and institutions will not be able to dramatically
increase their college completion rates.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
High School Graduate Projections: 2001-2021
19,000
18,732
18,500
18,102 18,168
18,156
17,985
18,000
18,192
18,005
17,949
17,586
17,682
17,500
17,352
17,290
16,947
17,000
16,775
17,037
16,973
16,825 16,954
16,927
16,646
16,590
16,500
16,000
2
1-2
1
0-2
0
9-2
9
8-1
8
7-1
7
6-1
6
5-1
5
4-1
4
3-1
3
2-1
2
1-1
1
0-1
0
9-1
9
8-0
8
7-0
7
6-0
6
5-0
5
4-0
4
3-0
3
2-0
2
1-0
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
2 02
2 02
2 01
2 01
2 01
2 01
2 01
2 01
2 01
2 01
2 01
2 01
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
2 00
According to SREB, the number of graduates produced by public and private high
schools in WV will decrease by 1,778 students from 2008 to 2021. Assuming factors
remain constant, this will yield @ 960 fewer freshman, which is comparable to the
combined in-state freshman classes at West Virginia State University and Shepherd
University.
Source: SREB Factbook 2009
Educational Attainment - SREB States
Percentage of Population 25 or O lder with a
Bachelor's Degree (Full Census and American Community Survey)
1990
1995
2000
2005
2007
% Change
United States
SREB States
20.3%
18.6%
23.0%
19.9%
24.4%
22.4%
27.2%
23.8%
27.5%
24.0%
7.2%
5.4%
Alabama
15.7%
17.3%
19.0%
21.4%
21.4%
5.7%
Arkansas
13.3%
14.2%
16.7%
18.9%
19.3%
6.0%
Delaware
Florida
21.4%
18.3%
22.9%
22.1%
25.0%
22.3%
27.6%
25.8%
26.1%
25.1%
4.7%
6.8%
Georgia
19.6%
22.7%
24.3%
27.1%
27.1%
7.5%
Kentucky
13.6%
19.3%
17.1%
19.3%
20.0%
6.4%
Louisiana
16.1%
20.1%
18.7%
20.6%
20.4%
4.3%
Maryland
26.5%
26.4%
31.4%
34.5%
35.2%
8.7%
Mississippi
14.7%
17.6%
16.9%
18.7%
18.9%
4.2%
North Carolina
17.4%
20.6%
22.5%
25.1%
25.6%
8.2%
O klahoma
17.8%
19.1%
20.3%
22.4%
22.8%
5.0%
South Carolina
16.6%
18.2%
20.4%
23.0%
23.5%
6.9%
Tennessee
16.0%
17.8%
19.6%
21.8%
21.8%
5.8%
Texas
20.3%
22.0%
23.2%
25.1%
25.2%
4.9%
Virginia
West Virginia
24.5%
12.3%
26.0%
12.7%
29.5%
14.8%
33.2%
16.9%
33.6%
17.3%
9.1%
5.0%
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
WV ranked 16th
in the SREB in
2005 and 50th
nationally.
In order to reach
the SREB
average, we need
to create/import
117,984 college
graduates.
Percent of Adult Population with a
Bachelor’s Degree (2005 ACS)
Average for WV: 16.9%
Average for US: 27.2%
Red = Most critical 300 counties
Green = Least critical 300 counties
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Percent of Adult Population with an
Associate Degree (2005 ACS)
Average for WV: 5.4%
Average for US:
7.4%
Red = Most critical 300 counties
Green = Least critical 300 counties
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Percent of Adult Population with a
High School Degree (2005 ACS)
Average for WV: 81.2%
Average for US: 84.2%
Red = Most critical 300 counties
Green = Least critical 300 counties
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Median Family Income (2005 ACS)
Average for WV: $38,568
Average for US:
$54,273
Red = Most critical 300 counties
Green = Least critical 300 counties
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Increasing Workforce Demand for
Postsecondary Education
• A recent report from the Georgetown University Center on
Education and the Workforce indicates that the recession has
accelerated the transition toward jobs that require some
postsecondary education nationally.
• The current supply of credentialed students from our
postsecondary systems will not meet the projected demand for
skilled workers:
• By 2018 about 63% of jobs nationally will require some
postsecondary education, compared to 59% in 2007.
• Demand is projected to outpace supply by about 300,000
college educated workers per year, creating a shortfall of
about 3 million workers by 2018.
Carnevale, A.P., Smith, N., Strohl, J. (2010). Help wanted: Projections of jobs and education requirements through
2018. Georgetown Center on Education and the Workforce. Washington, D.C.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Percent Of Graduates From W.Va.
Public Higher Education Institutions Working In The
State In 2007
100
Percent
80
58.1
60
55.7
52.4
50.8
47.7
46.7
43.1
42.9
41.6
40.5
40
20
0
7
04
02
05
03
01
00
99
98
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
9
99
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
03
01
04
02
00
99
98
97
96
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
Graduation Year
06
0
5-2
0
20
Source: author calculations
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Percent Of State Public Higher Education Graduates
Working In W.Va. In 2007
By Residency For Fee Purposes
100
80
In-State
Out-of-State
Other
Percent of graduates by residency status.
Other: SREB Academic Common Market,
Reciprocity Agreement, Metro Agreement
Percent
60
40
20
0
7
04
02
06
05
03
01
00
99
98
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
9
99
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
03
01
05
04
02
00
99
98
97
96
20
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
19
Graduation Year
Source: author calculations
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Work Participation Data for Financial Aid Recipients
Higher Education Grant
• There were 15,127 graduates during
the 2003-2004 to 2006-2007 period
that received funds through the HEGP.
• Most of these graduates earned
Bachelor’s degrees (60.5 percent) and
Associate’s degrees (20.7 percent).
• In 2008, 70.3 percent of HEGP
graduates worked at establishments
located in West Virginia, compared to
the overall rate for in-state graduates
(67.4 percent).
PROMISE Scholarship Program
• 3,692 PROMISE scholarship recipients graduated through 2006-2007. Just over half chose
one of four areas of concentration: Business and Management (18.7 percent), Health
Professions (14.8 percent), Education (9.2 percent), and Biological and Biomedical Sciences
(8.4 percent).
• In 2008, 2,301 of the 3,692 PROMISE graduates worked at least one quarter at an
establishment located in WV, which translates into a work participation rate of 62.3 percent.
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Governance Issues Facing Higher Education
• Issues of governance structure have moved to the forefront of
the policy debate as a result of the economic downturn
• Institutional flexibility and the Virginia experiment
• Oregon discussions on privatization
• Legislative – gubernatorial tensions
• Coordination v. Governance
• Accountability v. Autonomy
• Challenges of lay board governance and the need for
professional development
• Responsibilities for more effective nonprofit governance
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Considerations for Governing Boards
• To what extent do you utilize a Council of Presidents and Board
Chairs for advocacy?
• Do you bring boards together for annual policy summits?
• Do you work to develop a process of professional development
for board members?
• Do the institutional governing boards have clear and transparent
accountability metrics for results that are consistent with state
and campus goals?
• Is performance considered in the resource allocation process at
the board level – are resources targeted to priorities/highest
payoff relative to goal achievement?
• Are presidential reviews and contracts tied to state-wide
objectives?
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
Members
David K. Hendrickson, Chairman
Dr. Bruce Berry, Vice Chairman
Kathy Eddy, Secretary
Jenny Allen
Bob Brown
John Estep
Kay H. Goodwin
Dr. John Leon
Dr. Steven L. Paine
David R. Tyson
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission
1018 Kanawha Blvd E Ste 700
Charleston WV 25301-2800
voice 304.558.2101
fax 304.558.5719
West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission