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SIGCSE
2007
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Covington,
KY Schools
“…But What
Do the Top-Rated
2007-03-09
@
10:30
EST
Do?”
Jeff Forbes
Duke Univ
A Survey of
Introductory
Computer
Science
Curricula
Dan Garcia
UC Berkeley
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
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Motivation

What do top PhDgranting schools do in
their intro CS
curricula?








What courses offered?
Who teaches them?
What is taught?
How are they run?
Who are students?
What is the innovation?
Who are “sep at birth”?
We had questions!
SIGCSE
2007
Computer
science
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Survey


We surveyed top 32 schools
33 Qs in 7 categories:








Institution
Staff
Demographics
Content
Delivery
Style
Meta
Method





SIGCSE
2007
Swept web sites for info
Emailed text questions to
faculty at each school
Built SurveyMonkey form
Phone calls
Email follow-ups
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WR”)
1.
5.
7.
8.
9.
11.
13.
15.
SIGCSE
2007
CMU
MIT
Stanford
UC Berkeley
Cornell
UI Urbana-Champaign
U Washington
Princeton
UT Austin
U Wisconsin-Madison
Cal Tech
Georgia Tech
UC San Diego
U Maryland - College Park
Harvard
UCLA
15.
18.
22.
25.
28.
29.
U Michigan-Ann Arbor
Columbia
Purdue - West Lafayette
U Penn
Yale
Brown
Rice
UNC - Chapel Hill
Duke
U Mass - Amherst
USC
Johns Hopkins
NYU
Rutgers - New Brunswick
UC Irvine
Virginia
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Disclaimers

Why these schools?



These were NOT
necessarily the best
undergraduate programs by
any means
We’re from big schools, and
we wanted to find out what
our “cousins” were doing
Our results may be buggy!


SIGCSE
2007
We often have results from
only one person, with one
perspective on the whole!
Other instructors may do
things differently
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Gathering Data Wasn’t Easy!


MIT
Yale
“What you're looking to
 “We have no interest in
do is indeed potentially
completing your survey,
very worthwhile.
which would take a great
deal of effort for very little
However, after
apparent gain.”
discussing your request,
including with the
People answered the
department heads, we
survey with varying degree
have unfortunately had
of detail and completeness.
to conclude that we're
Sometimes responses
not in a position to
were opinions of one
respond at this time.”
person, other times of
several faculty.
SIGCSE
2007
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Thanks so much to…
Jeremy Huddleston















UC Berkeley: Mike Clancy & Brian Harvey
CMU: Rich Pattis, Tom Cortina & Don
Slater
Columbia: Adam Cannon
Georgia Tech: Mark Guzdial
Maryland: Bill Gasarch & Jeff Foster
NYU: Victor Shoup
Rice: John Greiner
Rutgers: Rich Martin, Sesh Venugopal &
Don Smith
Stanford: Nick Parlante & Julie Zelenski
UC Irvine: David Kay
UCLA: David Smallberg
UIUC: Sam Kamin & Cinda Heeren
USC: Claire Bono
UW: Stuart Reges
Wisconsin: Jim Skrentny & Perry
Kivolowitz
SIGCSE
2007
Samantha Jones,
Brandon Johnson,
Beth Trushkowsky













Duke: Owen Astrachan & Camelia Eaves
Brown: Chad Jenkins & Tom Doeppner
Caltech: Leonard Schulman
Cornell: David Gries
Harvard: Matt Welsh & Mike Smith
Johns Hopkins: Rao Kosaraju, Joanne
Houlahan
Princeton: Kevin Wayne
Purdue: Jeff Vitter & Buster Dunsmore
UCSD: Beth Simon & Paul Kube
UMass: Andrew McCallum
UNC: Ketan Mayer-Patel
UPenn: C.J. Taylor
UT Austin: Mike Dahlin & Roger Priebe
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Institution




Quarters vs. semesters?
Offerings?
Flexibility?
Types?
SIGCSE
2007
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
8/41
Is the institution on quarters or semesters?
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
Some schools on the west
coast are on quarters

Opportunities for more varied
classes and tracks?
Type of term
6

Comparisons between
courses can be tricky
Quarter
Semester
26
SIGCSE
2007
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Course offerings


Is a literacy course available for
students not interested in programming?
Models
Yes 21
No 7
Fluency in Information Technology
 Great Ideas in Computer Science
 UPenn: Networked Nature of Society
 UNC: Power Tools for the Mind

SIGCSE
2007
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
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What is the flexibility in the lower-division
sequence?
Georgia Tech’s Threads
curriculum provides a great deal
of flexibility
 Multiple introductions to CS




Brown (Java vs. Scheme/ML->
Java)
Columbia (C/Java/Matlab)
UCI: multiple majors and
1
7
6
sequences

Inflexible curricula



SIGCSE
2007
Do not accept AP
Required to take CS courses
and prereqs in first semester
10 schools noted that courses
are part of a common first-year
Enormous
Moderate
Some
None
14
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
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What types?

Ethics

2 schools had required
Ethics courses
Survey course
available?
Yes
4
No
15
Non-Majors
Only
10

Surveys


UCLA & Harvard have
survey as CS 1
Irvine & UCSD have courses
where profs talk about their
work
How important is ethics?
Essential (2)
Important
(2)
None (11)
Minor (8)
SIGCSE
2007
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Staff



Who are instructors?
Do they change?
Who covers section?
SIGCSE
2007
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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13/41
Are the instructors research faculty,
teaching faculty, or graduate students?
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
Teaching


Both


Teaching
9
6
Wisconsin, U Penn, UCLA,
Rutgers, UIUC, UC Irvine
Harvard, Purdue
Quotes

SIGCSE
2007
Both
Depends
on course
Research
Research


2
UW, NYU, Cal, Cornell,
Princeton, Columbia, Georgia
Tech
Depends on Course


USC, CMU, Duke, Maryland,
Rice, Stanford, UNC, UCSD, UT
Austin
7
UCSD: “In theory Research
Fac, Teaching Fac or Lecturers.
In reality, the latter 2.”
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Are the courses taught by the same person every semester?
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
Quotes




5
Yes
Depends
on course
Yes


Purdue: “No, but the pool is
small”
UW: “Lecturers teach the
course often, but a large
pool of people rotate in”
UIUC: “Instructor-led
courses yes, research-led
no”
4
Caltech, Cornell, Harvard,
USC, UT Austin
16
Depends on Course

SIGCSE
2007
No, but
generally
regulars
U Penn, UC Irvine, UCLA,
UIUC
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Who teaches discussion sections / recitations?
Labs?

Analysis


People said “TAs” -- it was
not clear whether grad or
undergrad
No sections or labs


1
UNC
Quotes

SIGCSE
2007
Tas
UCSD: Closed: Faculty
assisted by tutor, Open: TAs
8
9
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
Some Tas,
some
Faculty
No sections,
discussions,
labs
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
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Demographics



What are the enrollment
numbers and trends?
Who takes the courses?
What kinds of grades
are awarded?
SIGCSE
2007
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
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Enrollment Summary

Long-term, recent
Down,up: 5



Down: 8
Down, level: 7


down over the long term
up in recent years
down over the long term
steady in recent years
Up: 7

SIGCSE
2007
7
Down, up
5
Down
8
7
Down,
level
Up
cmu, harvard, princeton,
ucla, upenn, ut, uw
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One Take on Enrollment
UC Berkeley Computer Science Annual Enrollment, 2002-present
900
800
700
600
CS3
500
CS61A
CS61B
400
CS61C
CS70
300
200
100
0
2002
SIGCSE
2007
2003
2004
2005
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
2006
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
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What is the typical grade histogram for the
course?

Upper end
 Percentage of As
range from 75% at
Brown to 15% at
Purdue
Grade Distribution
40
35
30
A
B
C
D
F
%
25
20
15
10
5
0
test
SIGCSE
2007
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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Content

Languages
 Textbooks
 Stale vs Fresh
 What works and what
doesn’t
SIGCSE
2007
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What versions of what languages are taught?
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
All Java


Some
Java
No Java
14
Stanford (just enough),
Wisconsin & USC
Java and 1 other...
2
Java  Matlab


9
Maryland
Java  C++


UCLA
Java  C


All Java
CMU, Duke, Princeton,
Purdue, UNC, UT Austin,
UW, Rutgers & UCSD
No Java (C++ & MIPS)


1
3
Cornell
Java & Scheme/ML


UC Irvine (Java  Scheme)
Brown (Scheme/ML  Java)
C++
C only
Matlab
Scheme
1
1
SIGCSE
2007
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What versions of what languages are taught?
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
3: Matlab, Python, Java


3: Java, C, Python



2
Harvard
1
3
4
5
7
UC Berkeley (MIPS)
Rice (Patel & Patel’s asm)
Columbia
5: Java, C++, C, Assembler,
Variety (student’s choice)


1
4: Java, C, Matlab, Python


U Penn
4: Scheme, Java, Assembler,
C99


Java and >2 others...
4: C, Ruby, little C++ & Java


Georgia Tech
UIUC
4
7: Scheme, C, C++, Java,
Python, ocaml, haskell

SIGCSE
2007
Caltech
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used?

Brown
Sanders and van Dam


Cal





Grillmeyer, SICP, Bates &
Sierra, Goodrich &
Tammassia, K&R, Patterson
& Hennessey

SICP, Darnell & Margolis,
K&R
Varies, sometimes none
Cornell

Gries & Gries
Sedgewick, Sedgewick &
Wayne
Purdue

SIGCSE
2007
Lewis & Loftus, Bates and
Sierra, Koffman & Wolfgang,
Sestoft, Reek, Bryant &
O’Hallaron, Epp
Princeton


Malik, Goodrich & Tammassia,
Deitel & Deitel
Maryland


K&R
Johns Hopkins


Smith, Guzdial
Harvard


Goodrich & Tammassia
Georgia Tech
CMU


Duke
Caltech



Savitch
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used?







Savitch, Carraño
Weiss
UW

SIGCSE
2007
Forouzan & Gilberg, Malik,
Lauesen, Liang
UT Austin


Bloch, Metsker & Wake
USC


Kamin et al, Rosen,
Woodbury, Collins, Mano,
Patterson & Hennessey,
Stallings, McConnell
UNC

Felliesen, Horstmann,
Goodrich & Tamassia
UCLA


Savitch
UIUC

Roberts
UC Irvine

UCSD
Downey, Venugopal,
Horstmann
Stanford


Felleisen et all, Rosen, Patt
& Patel, Bryant & O’Hallaron
Rutgers



Rice
Reges & Stepp
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Is there a feeling that the course is “fresh” or
“stale”?

Lessons




Fresh? Stale?
Some said no, but the Q
was meant to evaluate a
range.
Q should have asked for a #!
Hard to admit staleness!
Fresh &
Neutral
Neutral
Fresh &
Stale
Stale
Quotes


SIGCSE
2007
Wisc: “I believe, and I sense
my students would agree,
that I teach the course in a
manner that makes it feel
fresh regardless of whether
the same content has been
taught for ages.”
UIUC: “Not fresh, but little
perceived need to change”
Fresh

Some Stale?


“Probaby stale”


Cal, Cornell, UIUC
UCSD
“Going to discuss overhaul”

USC
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What works really well and what is
broken?

Brown



High TA-student ratio
Intro Experience Disparity




Closed required labs
Undergrad teaching staff
More pair programming



CS11 is several
minicourses.
Each student only takes 1 of
these a term (of their choice)
A course can be repeated
three times for credit
DrJava demos during lecture
Closed required labs
1/2 Matlab, 1/2 Java
Georgia Tech

(Compared to peers) very
low attrition

CalTech

Cornell

Cal





No closed labs
Harvard


90% success in Media CS2
Teacher training
Princeton
Appl to commerce, science,
engineering w/real datasets
 CMU
 Too much to cover!
 All courses taught in small
 Huge increase in
sections – no large lectures!
enrollments
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
SIGCSE
27/41
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
2007

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What works really well and what is
broken?




Lecture, lab
Hard to have creative projects
but consistent grading
Some want to move intro
Scheme course to Java




Easier later transition
But, wide background variety!



Online exams
Java as intro language!
Stanford



SIGCSE
2007
Undergrad section leaders
Staffing in computer cluster
while students work on
assignments, which are good
We (all of us) still tuning CS1
Java
Getting students to program to
specs
Intro Experience disparity
UCSD




Informatics curriculum
UCLA

Rutgers


UC Irvine
Rice



Purdue
Accelerated intro course track
Closed labs
Teaching memory allocation to
beginners
UIUC






All courses!
Undergrad-led reviews
Assembler EOS competition
Programming studio structure
Low-level understanding
New student communities
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What works really well and what is
broken?

U Penn
Compelling programming
assignments


USC
Intro experience disparity


Students move well through CS2
Java doesn’t allow them to learn

memory management!
One course is “geeked out”
which could turn off nonprogrammers


UW



UT Austin



Everything is fine
U Wisconsin



SIGCSE
2007
Infornation overload
Reduce sources of info
Active and collaborative learning!

“Information overload has been
mentioned repeatedly to me by
students as a principle problem in
many of their courses.
It is not uncommon for courses today
to have a textbook or two, course
notes, as well as lecture slides which
overwhelm students with presentations
of the same or similar material.
Add to that course email, web
pages/links, blogs, etc. and students
get trapped spending too much time
reading and reviewing and insufficient
time actively applying their newly
gained knowledge.
What has worked well for us is to
reduce the sources of information and
to direct students’ efforts to more
active and collaborative learning both
in and out of class.”
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Delivery & Style


How are courses run?
What style(s) of
programming are
taught?
SIGCSE
2007
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Contact hours
Standard seems to be 3 hours of lecture
and 1-2 hours of lab/discussion
 What drives labs ?

Problem
Instructor
21
7
Some open labs
 Discussion sections

SIGCSE
2007
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
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What programming paradigms are covered?
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Everyone includes some OO
 Paradigms
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Programming Paradigms
P: Procedural
O: Object-oriented
F: Functional
L: Logical
D: Declarative
OO is everywhere
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SIGCSE
2007
About half say they teach
“objects-first”
A Survey of Introductory Computer Science Curricula
www.cs.duke.edu/csed/openwiki/doku.php?id=teaching:start
P,O
P,O,F,L
P,O,F,D
P,O,F
O
Varies
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Meta
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Grading guideline?
 What questions were
missing?
 Anything else?
 What are the
innovative techniques
being deployed?
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2007
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Is there an institutional or departmental grading
guideline?
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Who answered yes?
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Princeton: 35% As
UC Berkeley: 2.7 GPA
UC San Diego: 2.8
GPA
Harvard
4
No
Yes
Other answers:
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SIGCSE
2007
UIUC: Grading
standard of previous
semester sent around
20
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What questions are missing on this
survey?
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Brown: Are numbers at day 1 or N?
 Caltech: Ask more about languages
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Us: scheme, java, then what the
student wants!
CMU: What are your ugrads paid?
Cornell: % of your incoming kids
who have prog experience? (60%)
Harvard: Training of teaching staff?
Princeton: Demography of course
should include major
Rice: What related courses exist
outside yoru dept? Are courses
weeders? (us: no)
SIGCSE
2007
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Was there anything not captured by this survey you would like to
add about your institution, staff, demographics, content, delivery
or style?
Brown: We don’t track ethnicity
 Caltech: We have outstanding
students. We try to give them
resources they need to excel, &
introduce material not found
elsewhere
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Functional programming, ocaml,
haskell
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Cornell: We give CS or IS
majors in three colleges and
have two different intro courses
(OO-first Java & Matlab)
 Harvard: We work hard to have
gender-balanced (or all male)
sections. This yr, > 1/2 of our
teaching staff was female. We
will soon offer on our own
survey of what works best to
revamp our intro courses!
SIGCSE
2007
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What are the innovative techniques being deployed?
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www.eecs.mit.edu/images/EECS_VI_Fall06_FINAL.pdf
www-tech.mit.edu/V126/N63/63course6.html
MIT
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Overhauling EECS curriculum
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6.001 (Scheme) out, Python
in!
6.01 and 6.02 to be new
mandatory intro courses
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Had been unchanged for
nearly 30 years
Offer intro to dept
Cut broadly across EECS
Strong hands-on component
Build robots, apply concepts
like radio, Fourier transform,
networks, large systems
Then choose 3 or 4 subjects
from foundation courses
SIGCSE
2007
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E.g., Circuits, Signals,
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Systems
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What are the innovative techniques being deployed?
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www.cm.gatech.edu
Georgia Tech
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Computational Media degree!
Different entry points to major
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CS1 for different majors
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Flexibility
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Robotics
Media Computation
CS Majors can take any CS1
Contextualization
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CS1s are typically dry!
Students today use flikr,
youtube, etc -- leverage that!
Allow the data to be THEIRS
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movies, sounds, pix
Wil Justis, Milton HS
SIGCSE
2007
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What are the innovative techniques being deployed?
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UC Berkeley
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UC-WISE
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Web-based learning system
Interactive, collaborative &
assessment
Decrease passive learning in
lecture (Old: 3 Lec, 2 Lab)
Increase active learning in lab
(New: 1 Lec, 6 Lab)
Top-down instruction
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inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~selfpace
www.ucwise.org
Scheme, Java, C, Assembler
Self-paced courses
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SIGCSE
2007
1-unit course for programmers in
Matlab, Pascal, C, Scheme,
Unix, C++, Java, Python
Intro to programming in Scheme
Awesome undergrad tutors!
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Meta-lessons we learned?
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Too many questions!
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Should have limited
scope.
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Just first course?
Could have presented all
results in one session
Should be answerable in
minutes, not hours
Some questions
redundant
Discrete math courses fell
through cracks
We leaned on
friendships to get data
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SIGCSE
2007
Thank you!!
Next time: get funding,
provide
incentives
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Conclusion
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There is so much more to
squeeze out of the data!
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It’s all online!! We
encourage you to squeeze!
There are clear clusters
based on language (&
book) choices, tracks for
the major, etc.
Best & Worst practices
There is some great
innovation going on
around the country!
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SIGCSE
2007
MIT, GaTech, UC Berkeley,
Caltech, U Penn, …
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