Heart of History
BY: Chelci Murillo
Andrew Jackson was admired by most
Americans. He was a patriot, a self-made
man, and a war hero. Andrew Jackson
elected president in 1828. Jackson fired many
federal workers and replaced them with his
supporters. Andrew was a very strong leader
during the War of 1812.
In July of 1863, General Robert E. Lee's Army Of Northern Virginia of 75,000
men and the 97,000 man Union Army Of The Potomac under General George
G. Meade met, by chance, when a Confederate brigade sent forward for
supplies observed a forward column of Meade's cavalry. Of the more than
2,000 land engagements of the Civil War, Gettysburg ranks supreme.
Although the Battle of Gettysburg did not end the war, nor did it attain any
major war aim for the North or the South, it remains the great battle of the
war.
The California gold rush began on the year of 1849.People from all over the
world flocked California in the seeking of riches. In the year 1849 alone
over 18,000 people came to California looking for gold. the people that
arrived to California in 1849 were those called forty-niners .Many of the
gold seekers came to California by see while others came overland
through the Oregon and Santa Fe. Trail.
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David Crockett was a skilled hunter and story teller. He got elected
three terms in congress. David Crockett won notice for his frontier
skills.
Davy Crockett was perhaps best known in Tennessee as a noted hunter
and for his unique style of backwoods oratory. In Texas, however, he will
always be remembered as a heroic participant in the Battle of the Alamo.
Crockett was born 17 August 1786 in what is now northeastern
Tennessee. It was not until he was eighteen before he learned to read and
write. About that time, he married and started a family of several
children.
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Elizabeth Blackwell was the first woman to receive a medical degree I the
United States. She received the first medical degree granted to a women
in the United States from Geneva College in NY in 1849). She started out
as a teacher but for various reasons she set out to get a medical degree.
One of those reasons was her dismay over the social inequities of the
time.
She applied to numerous medical schools but was turned down by all
until Geneva College accepted her "by accident." The professors had
referred her application to the student and they, thinking it was a hoax,
accepted her. This students did seem to give her a warm welcome but the
others were not so pleased.
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Frederick Douglas was widely known as an African American
abolitionist. He was born in Maryland as a slave. He thought himself
how to read and write then he escaped from slavery in Maryland in 1838
and settled first in Massachusetts and then in New York. Douglas was a
very powerful speaker. For 16 yrs. He edited a an antislavery newspaper
called the North Star. Douglas won admiration as a powerful and
influential speaker and writer. He insisted that African Americans
received not only their freedom but also their full equality with whites.
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Born: 8 February 1820
Birthplace: Lancaster, Ohio
Died: 14 February 1891
Best Known As: Union general who said, "War is hell."
Sherman, Gen William T. (1820-91), second among American civil war
Union generals and architect of the post-war pacification of the
western frontier. Undistinguished in battle, Sherman owed his
advancement to powerful family political connections and to his close
friendship with. He is remembered for the aphorism ‘war is all hell’
and for his adamant refusal to run for president, unusual among
successful US generals.
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(1880 - 1968)
Author and lecturer. An illness at the age of 19 months left her deaf, blind
and mute. Through the work of teacher Anne Sullivan, she learned to
overcome these daunting handicaps and became a powerful and effective
national spokesperson on behalf of others with similar disabilities.
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The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was passed by President Andrew
Jackson. This was a strong act supported in the South where many states
were eager to gain access to property inhabited by five Indian tribes. The
tribes include the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek and Seminole.
They all adopted and settled to become civilized, but the white settlers
were keen to strip them of their land for their own selfish wants. The
white men wanted land to raise cotton so they pressured the federal
government to obtain the Indian territory.
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Jefferson Davis was the only president of the Confederate States of
America, the group of southern states that seceded from the United States
and prompted the Civil War (1861-65). Davis was born in Kentucky and
spent his childhood in Mississippi. A graduate of West Point military
academy, Davis was a distinguished soldier in the Black Hawk War
(1832) and the U.S. war with Mexico (1846-47). He served Mississippi as a
congressman (1845) and a U.S. senator (1847-51 and 1857-61), and was
President Franklin Pierce Secretary of War (1853-57). A gifted orator and
longtime champion of states' rights, he resigned his senate seat in 1860
and reluctantly joined the secessionists. The provisional congress of the
newly-formed Confederate States of America chose Davis as president
and commander of its military forces.
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Abraham Lincoln emerged from his self-imposed political
retirement in 1854 soon after the Kansas-Nebraska Act became
law. In that act Illinois' Democratic Senator Stephen a. Douglas
had attempted to organize the vast Nebraska territory for
settlement and the passage of a transcontinental railroad. The
region in question had been considered a vast desert and had
consequently been consigned to the Indians. With settlement
west of the Mississippi River, it became clear that the territory
was not a desert, but was suitable for farming.
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Lyman Beecher (1775 - 1863)
In the early 1800s, Presbyterian divine Lyman Beecher faced a culture in
crisis: Alcoholism, poverty, illiteracy, and other social ills were on the
rise, and church attendance was in decline. Furthermore, the policy of
state-funded, state-established churches was fading. How, then, was the
United States-with a republican form of government that requires a
virtuous society and a strong private sector-to respond to these
challenges?
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George B. McClellan, known as "Little Mac" and "Little Napoleon," was
the Union General who served as both Commander of the Army of the
Potomac and General in Chief after the resignation of General Winfield
Scott (whom McClellan circumvented) in November 1861. He maintained
his headquarters in Washington during the winter of 1861-62 at the
Southeast Corner of H Street and Madison Place, near the White House
on Lafayette Square. It was owned by Navy Captain Charles Wilkes
whose seizure of two confederate emissaries created the Trent affair in
late 1861.
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In U.S. history, a doctrine expounded by the
advocates of extreme states' rights states' rights, in
U.S. history, doctrine based on the Tenth
Amendment to the Constitution, which states, "The
powers not delegated to the United States by the
Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are
reserved to the States respectively, or to the
people.
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Established that states couldn’t enact legislation that would
interfere with congressional power over inter state commerce. The
supreme courts rulings strengthened the national government.
They also contributed to the debates over sectional issues. The
McCulloch v. Maryland decision in 1819 fanned the flames of
controversy over States' rights and national supremacy. By 1824,
Chief Justice John Marshall had reached the zenith of his historic
tenure on the Court and was perfectly willing to consider the most
difficult areas of law.
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The Panic of 1837 was greatly fueled by the down-trodden confidence
that the American people had at the time for paper currency, which was
just becoming prevalent around this time in the U.S. This caused a huge
downturn in the American economy as banks failed and confidence
plummeted.
Speculation markets were drastically affected, because American banks
had basically stopped paying in gold and silver coinage, and were
moving toward paper and other sources of currency. So, when people
realized they would receive paper money instead of their actual gold and
silver, they panicked.
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The War of the Quadruple Alliance was a minor European war fought between
1718and 1720mostly in Italy, between Spain on the one side, and the Quadruple
Alliance of Austria, France, Great Britain, and the United Provinces
The conflict occurred as a result of the ambitions of King Phillip V, of Spain, his
wife, Isabella Farnese and his chief minister Giulio Alberriono in Italy, where the
Spanish had traditional claims and Isabella several dynastic claims to advance; and
for the crown of France, where Philip's infant nephew Louis Avgas King, and his
cousin the Duce d'Orlaloans was Regent. Opposition to Philip's ambitions led
France, Britain, and The Seven United Netherlands, to join together in the Triple
Alliance on January 4.1717and in November of that year Philip made war on
Emperor Charles VI by invading the island SARDINIA, given to Austria by the
Treaty of Utrecht ending the War of the Spanish succession here after, the Spanish
advanced, invading Sicily, which had been awarded to the Duke of Savoy.
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Sprain owned the east Florida and also claimed west Florida. The
united states contended that west Florida was a part of the
Louisiana purchase . In 1820 and 1812 , Americans simply added
parts of west Florida to Louisiana and Mississippi. Spain objected
but they didn’t take any action for it.
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Stephen F. A us tin earned his name ‘’Father of Texas’’ because of his
leadership in populating the Mexican territory of Texas. Austin organized
the first land grant colony in Texas in 1821. Austin often played the role
of spokesperson with the Mexican government, sometimes on behalf of
colonists who were not part of this settlement. The state of Texas honored
Stephen Austin by naming its capital city-Austin-after its founding father.
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With this amendment, the bill was finally passed by the Senate, the vote
being 26 to 21. The Southern Senators (except two from Kentucky, and
one each from Tennessee and Louisiana) voted against it. Those from the
Middle and Western States all voted for it. Those from New England
split; six voted yea, five nay. The result seems to have depended largely
on Webster. His colleague Silsbee voted nay, and Webster himself had
been in doubt a week before the final vote.43Finally he swallowed the
bill; and he carried with him enough of the New England Senators to
ensure its passage.
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The Underground Railroad was not a real railroad. It was a network of
houses and other buildings used to help slaves escape to freedom in the
Northern states or Canada. The Underground Railroad operated for
many years before and during the Civil War. The Underground Railroad
was a network of escape routes that were described using railroad terms.
'Passengers' were runaway slaves fleeing from the South. Their guides
were called 'conductors' and they led them from one 'station' to another.
Escape routes stretched from the southern slave states into the North and
on to Canada. Fugitives usually traveled secretly at night, and were
hidden in 'safe houses', barns, and haylofts in the day. Thousands of
antislavery campaigners, both black and white, risked their lives to
operate the railway.
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The violence that erupted in Kansas spelled over to the halls of congress
as well. Abolitionist senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts delivered a
speech entitled ‘’The crime against proslavery forces in Kansas. Sumner
lashed out against forces in Kansas. He also criticized proslavery
senators, repeatedly attacking Andrew P. Butler of south Carolina. The
brooks-Sumner incident and the frightening in ‘’Bleeding Kansas’’
revealed the riding level of hostility between north and south.
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William H. Crawford was born and raised in Sebring, Florida.
After graduating from Florida State University with a bachelor of
science degree, Billy spent two years as construction manager for
Crawford Construction, Inc. in Ft. Pierce. He then entered FSU’s
College of Law where he was a member of the Law Review and
Order of the Coif. Upon graduating in the top 10 percent of the
class, Billy accepted an associate position with the Pennington,
Wilkinson and Dunlap firm in Tallahassee. While with this firm,
he practiced in the issues of commercial and real estate litigation
and bankruptcy, representing such clients as Nations Bank of
Florida, Transamerica Commercial Finance Corp.
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Alexander Joy Cartwright Jr. (1820–92) was present during the
organization of the Knickerbockers Base Ball Club of New York in
the mid-1800s. That much is certain. Since that time, and
especially with his induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame in
1938, Cartwright has been celebrated as the founder of our
national pastime, much like Abler Doubleday. As with
Doubleday, Cartwright’s claim to fame has caused all sorts of
conjecture and controversy.
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The first woman labor editor and labor leader in the United States,
Sarah G. Bagley was also the first president of the Female Labor
Reform Association of Lowell, Massachusetts. During the 1840s
Bagley became an important figure in New England, earning
respect from both male and female workers. Representing a new
moral consciousness in the United States, she exposed the
oppression of women within the capitalist economy and brought
about a change in attitudes toward the role of working women in
American society. Even in the twenty-first century, when she has
been largely forgotten, her views on class and gender and her
suggestions for reforms continue to be relevant.
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De Zavala played a pivotal role in Texas' battle for
independence from Mexico. He was imprisoned in
1814 for his outspoken support of democratic
reform in Mexico. After spending three years in
prison, he was elected secretary of the provincial
assembly of Yucatán. He represented Yucatán in
Spain's national legislative body, called the Cortes
from 1820 until 1821, when Mexico won
independence from Spain.