Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams
Are drawings of atoms that show the # of
protons and neutrons in the nucleus
and the electrons in the energy levels
• Electrons– Ground state- original energy level of the electron
– Excited state- electron with extra energy
– Electrons will jump up and back down between energy
levels (when they come back down they give off the
energy as light)
– Valence electrons- electons on the OUTERMOST
energy level- these electrons are the most responsible
for how the element reacts
Bohr-Rutherford Diagrams
NUCLEUS is in the center of the atom!
The RINGS are the ENERGY LEVELS where the electrons are found!
Dots are the ELECTRONS!
Energy Levels (rings)
Energy level 1
Maximum number of
electrons that can
occupy that level
2 electrons
Energy level 2
8 electrons
Energy level 3
8 electrons
Energy level 4
8 electrons
Let’s draw a few together!
Boron
Magnesium
Oxygen
Bromine
Front of your card (side with lines)
11
5
B
boron
Back of your card
(side without lines)
5P
6N
boron
Questions and Conclusions- write complete sentences!!
Answers should be about the # of energy levels and
# of valence electrons
1. Consider the diagrams for the elements H, Li, Na and K. What do the have in common?
2. Consider the diagrams for the elements Be, Mg, and Ca. What do the have in common?
3. In general, what can be said about the following groups of elements?
B, Al
C,Si
N,P
O,S
F,Cl
He,Ne,Ar
Arrange your squares into groups according to the one property they have in common. At the
top of each group, label I for group one and II for group two, and so on. (Just like the periodic
table)
4. Consider the diagrams for the elements H and He. What do they have in common?
5. Consider the diagrams for the elements Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne. What do they have in
common?
6. In general, what can you conclude about the elements that are arranged horizontally? (period)
7. Turn each square over onto its back. How are the elements arranged from left to right?