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Unit 3 – The Growth of Parliament in England
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Learning Goal 1 – I will be able to:
-List the three branches of government in the United States
-Explain the jobs of each of the three branches of government
-Summarize how each branch balances the power of the other two
-Identify my representatives in the United States Congress
IV.
England
England
The Growth of Parliament in England
a. Three branches of government in the federal government (national government in Washington,
DC)
i. Legislative
1. Congress
a. House of Representatives and Senate
b. Write bills (proposed laws) and vote some into law, set tax rates, control
budget
ii. Executive
1. President, Vice President, Cabinet
2. Enforce the laws
iii. Judicial
1. Supreme Court and Federal Courts
2. Interpret the laws; determine if new laws are unconstitutional
iv. How powers are balanced
1. Each branch has powers
a. Supreme Court cannot write new laws
b. President does not determine constitutionality
2. Each branch has a way to balance the power of the others
a. Supreme Court – President nominates new justices, but US Senate has the
final say on whether that person is qualified
b. Congress – President can veto a law he/she does not like, Supreme Court
can rule the law unconstitutional if it is unconstitutional
c. President – If the president commits a crime, he/she is impeached (put on
trial) with the Congress as the jury and the Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court as the presiding judge, or if the President vetoes a law, the Congress
can override the veto with a 2/3 vote. So if 2/3 of the Congress approves
of the law, there is nothing the president can do
Great Britain
England
Scotland
Wales
United Kingdom
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
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Learning Goal 1 – I will be able to:
-List the three branches of government in the United States
-Explain the jobs of each of the three branches of government
-Summarize how each branch balances the power of the other two
-Identify my representatives in the United States Congress
Legislative Branch
Consisted of…
Its primary jobs…
How it balances power of
Executive…
How it balances power of
Judicial…
Executive Branch
Consisted of…
Its primary jobs…
How it balances power of
Executive…
How it balances power of
Judicial…
Judicial Branch
Consisted of…
Its primary jobs…
How it balances power of
Executive…
How it balances power of
Judicial…
My representative in the
House
My two Senators
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-The Federal Government (the one in Washington, that governs the whole country) is divided into three branches, none
more powerful than the other(s), inspired by the new Enlightenment ideas and ways of thinking.
-Sometimes in life, you just have to “memorize” things. They’re not fun, exciting, engaging, or energetic. But like your
multiplication tables, family member’s birthdays, important information at work, and to shower every day, you have to
force yourself to remember them by whatever means necessary. Write a catchy jingle, make an important connection,
make flashcards, study with a friend, study with an enemy, find a video on YouTube, make a video for YouTube, use it as
an excuse to get out of doing chores, etc. You will be responsible for learning all of this information, as it was taught to
you last year and it will be referenced throughout this unit on the growth of the Parliamentary system in England. In this
unit we will examine how and why our system of government comes from the English tradition, not the French, and we
will make important comparisons and examine important contrasts between the three. You cannot do that without
knowing everything on this page, front and back.
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Branch
Legislative
Executive
Judicial
Comprised of
Whom/What
-Congress (divided
into House of
Representatives and
Senate)
-President, Vice
President,
President’s cabinet
(group of advisors)
-United States
Supreme Court and
other Federal Courts
Facts
How Balances Others
-Legislate = laws
-Congress writes bills
(proposed laws) and
votes on which to
approve into law.
-Representation in
House of
Representatives based
on a state’s population.
Alabama has 7
representatives, Alaska
has 1, PA has 18, and
California has 53.
-Each state has 2
senators, regardless of
population
-Legislative Branch has
power and control over
the budget of the
United States, called the
“power of the purse.”
-Power to enforce the
laws
-President does not
have absolute power
like some think!
-The President has the power to appoint people to
various Federal positions, but the Senate must
approve of them. If someone is named to the
Supreme Court, but the Senate does not view
them as qualified, they have the power to deny
that person the position. Also, the Congress can
impeach judges whose behavior is unbecoming.
The Legislative Branch has some power over the
Judicial Branch
-Power to declare laws
unconstitutional and
settle legal disputes
among the states.
-The House of Representatives has the power to
impeach (charge with a crime) the president.
When that happens, the Senate serves as the jury
and must convict by a 2/3 vote. And if the
Congress writes a bill and sends it to the President
for approval but the proposed law is vetoed, the
Congress and override the veto by a 2/3 vote. The
Legislative Branch also has some power over the
Executive Branch
-If the Congress proposes a new law, the President
has the power to deny that bill from becoming law
(called a veto). The Executive Branch does have
some power over the Legislative Branch.
-The President has the authority to name justices
to the Supreme Court and other Federal Courts.
The Executive Branch also has some power over
the Judicial Branch.
-The Congress can pass a law with the President,
but the Supreme Court can rule it unconstitutional
if it is unconstitutional. The Judicial Branch has
power over both branches in this instance.
-If the president is impeached, the Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court serves as the judge in the trial.
In this case, the Judicial Branch has some power
over the Executive Branch.
My representative in the
House
Keith Rothfus – Republican
My two Senators
Bob Casey – Democrat
Pat Toomey - Republican
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Learning Goal 2 – I will be able to:
-List and explain the three reasons a representative government (Parliament) began more easily in Great Britain
-Define and explain the importance of the Magna Carta
b. Representative government in England
i. Why representative government began more easily in England
1. Witan – early kings called knights for advice, so tradition of power being
distributed
a. Knights of the Round Table
2. No absolute monarchs in England…ever
a. Easier to divide power – no tradition of absolute rule
3. Social structure not as rigid as the three French estates, and everyone paid taxes
a. Royalty, barons, nobility, gentry, burgesses (m. class), skilled workers,
peasants
ii. The Magna Carta
1. Signed in 1215 by King John
a. Unpopular king who tried to raise taxes to pay for failed wars with France
2. Barons and Nobles tired of high taxes and wanted some representation
3. The Magna Carta is the most fundamental document in European history
a. Gives the rules the king has to follow while government – NO
ABSOLUTE POWER!
i. Statement of rights people have
ii. Limits power of the government
b. Original document of English liberties, and since US comes from English
traditions, quite important to the history of America as well.
c. Magna Carta 1215  English Bill of Rights 1689  American Bill of
Rights 1789  RIGHTS AND PROTECTIONS WE STILL HAVE
TODAY!
4. Some examples:
a. The Church will not be controlled by the King and Parliament (no absolute
power)
b. No taxes can be levied by the King alone; only by consent of a General
Counsel, a group of advisors/representatives; today Parliament divided
into House of Lords and House of Commons, like the US Congress has the
House of Representatives and the Senate (no absolute power)
c. Right of Trial by Jury (no absolute power)
d. All rules uniform and consistent to everyone (no absolute power)
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Learning Goal 2 – I will be able to:
-List and explain the three reasons a representative government (Parliament) began more easily in Great Britain
-Define and explain the importance of the Magna Carta.
Representative Government in England
Magna
Carta
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Learning Goal 3 – I will be able to:
-Identify each of the Tudor Monarchs and explain their significance
-Define and explain the importance of the Act of Supremacy
-Generalize the relationship between Monarch and Parliament
c. The Tudor Dynasty – Ruled England from 1485 – 1603 as a monarchy
i. Henry VII – r. 1485-1509
1. 1st Tudor, rebuilt English prosperity, didn’t waste $ on himself like French kings
2. Avoided war, using diplomacy (talking with other countries) and royal marriages
to keep England strong, resulting in Tudor Dynasty that lasted over a century.
ii. Henry VIII – r. 1509-1547
1. Son of Henry VII, most powerful Tudor monarch, married 6 times
a. First wife Catherine of Aragon gave him only a daughter.
i. Wanted divorce to marry the younger Anne Boleyn to get a son
ii. Pope refused to grant divorce, so Henry formed his own church.
1. Act of Supremacy of 1534 made him (not the pope) the
head of the church.
iii. Catholics like Thomas More objected, so they were beheaded.
b. No son with Anne Boleyn, so he started seeing Jane Seymour
i. Anne Boleyn not happy about this, so he had her arrested and tried
for treason – found guilty and beheaded
c. Jane Seymour has a son – became Edward VI, died after giving birth
d. Henry marries Anne of Cleves – marriage later annulled
e. Married Catherine Howard
i. He was 50, overweight, she was young and attractive
ii. She cheated, he lost his mind, she lost her head
f. Married Catherine Parr, his final wife
2. Most powerful Tudor monarch, broke England from Catholic Church.
iii. Edward VI – r. 1557-1563
1. 9 years old when became king, after his death at age 16, Protestant nobles fought
to keep his half-sister, Mary, from becoming queen because she was Catholic.
2. English liked Mary, but Protestant nobles get Lady Jane Grey named monarch
iv. Lady Jane Grey is de facto monarch July 10-19, 1553 (9 days)
1. Catholics get Mary named queen, Jane Grey tried for treason & beheaded at 16.
v. Mary I and Phillip II of Spain r. 1553-1558
1. Mary marries Phillip II of Spain and restores Catholicism in England
2. Burns 300 Protestants at the stake, nicknamed Bloody Mary
3. Dies and Protestant half-sister Elizabeth becomes new monarch
vi. Elizabeth I – r. 1558-1603
1. 25 when became queen, used authority for common good, not to get more power
2. Loved by the people refused to marry
3. Helped Scotland become Protestant and an ally of England with cousin Mary,
Queen of Scots, who she later had executed.
4. Death in 1603 ended the Tudor dynasty and all its drama
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Learning Goal 3 – I will be able to:
-Identify each of the Tudor Monarchs and explain their significance
-Define and explain the importance of the Act of Supremacy
-Generalize the relationship between Monarch and Parliament
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Edward VI
Lady Jane Grey
Mary I & Phillip II
Elizabeth I
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Learning Goal 4 – I will be able to:
-Identify James I and explain his contribution to Catholicism
-Explain James I’s view of his own power
-Summarize how he upset Parliament with his spending
-Identify Guy Fawkes and summarize the Gunpowder Plot and its relevance today
d. The Stuart Dynasty: James I and the Gunpowder Plot
i. James I
1. Son of executed Mary, Queen of Scots (executed by cousin, Elizabeth I)
2. United England & Scotland
3. Believed in “divine right” that monarchs got power from God
4. Upset Parliament
a. Unlike Tudors, asked Parliament for money then spent on himself
b. Sold titles of nobility
c. Put England deep into debt
d. Tried to marry his son to a Catholic princess
e. Religious policies drove many to settle in North America
f. King James version of the Bible
5. Gunpowder Plot
a. November 5, 1604
b. Guy Fawkes plotted to kill King James (Protestant) and put his daughter
into power
c. Hid barrels of gunpowder under the Parliamentary building in London
d. News leaked back to England
e. Fawkes found with matches and a watch
f. Put on trial, found guilty, tortured and executed
i. Jumped from gallows, broke neck, avoided most painful part of
execution
g. November 5th a night of celebration in London today with bonfires and
fireworks
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Learning Goal 4 – I will be able to:
-Identify James I and explain his contribution to Catholicism
-Explain James I’s view of his own power
-Summarize how he upset Parliament with his spending
-Identify Guy Fawkes and summarize the Gunpowder Plot and its relevance today
James
I
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Learning Goal 5 – I will be able to:
-Identify Charles I and explain his relationship with Parliament
-Summarize the events of the English Civil War and explain why it was important
-Identify Oliver Cromwell and explain his importance
e. Charles I
i. Son of James I, took power in 1625
ii. Opposed Puritans
iii. Believed in Divine Right of Kings
iv. Married Catholic sister of France’s King Louis XIII
v. Asked Parliament for money to fight war against Spain and France
1. In return for additional taxes to keep fighting, Parliament forced Charles to sign
Petition of Right
a. Limited power of the monarch
2. When more funds not given the following year, Charles dissolved Parliament and
raised money for himself by forcing landowners to loan him money, jailing them
if they refused
a. Ignored Petition of Right he signed…one of the causes of the English
Civil War.
vi. Forced people to house and freed troops in their homes
1. (3rd Amendment!)
vii. Last straw was when he came to Parliament with troops to arrest leaders, and both sides
prepared for civil war
viii. English Civil War
1. 1642-1646
2. Royalists (Cavaliers) vs. Parliamentarians (Roundheads)
a. Cavaliers – House of Lords, Church officials, Large Landowners, rural
b. Roundheads – House of Commons, Merchants, Townspeople, urban
3. Caused by fighting between monarch and the Parliament over who had what
power (Petition of Right)
a. Didn’t have a constitution like we have in America today!
b. President can be impeached and removed if breaks the law
4. Winning of extreme importance because of power!
5. Oliver Cromwell – Cavalier
a. Creates military dictatorship
b. Purges House of Commons of anyone who isn’t anti-monarchy
i. Results in “Rump Parliament”
1. Voted 68-67 to execute Charles I
c. Rules England, but not as a monarch (Interregnum – 1649-1660)
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Learning Goal 5 – I will be able to:
-Identify Charles I and explain his relationship with Parliament
-Summarize the events of the English Civil War and explain why it was important
-Identify Oliver Cromwell and explain his importance
The English Civil War was fought because the monarch and the Parliament were fighting over p____________.
England did not have a written c____________________________________ like in the United States, which
calls for the removal of a president who breaks the l______________________________. When Charles
violated the P______________________________ of R_______________________________________ a war
broke out instead of a legal system handling the problem as we have in America today. Winning the English
Civil War was important to both sides because it would determine who had how much p__________________.
Cavalier
Rules England
not as a
monarch but as
a ___________
____________
Results in
___________
___________
___________
Creates a _____
_____________
Oliver
Cromwell
Purges
____________
____________
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Learning Goal 6 – I will be able to:
-Summarize the Restoration and explain its importance
-Define constitutional monarchy
-Identify James II and explain his view of power
-Summarize and explain the importance of the Glorious Revolution
-Identify William and Mary and explain their importance
-Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights
-Identify and explain the importance of Queen Anne
f. The Monarchy returns to England
i. Charles II – r. 1660-1685
1. Restoration of the Monarchy in 1660
a. Puts Stuart Monarchy back in power
i. Gave England constitutional monarchy – monarch limited by
constitution
2. Had charm, poise, political skills
3. Restored the theaters and reopened the pubs
4. Nicknamed the “Merry Monarch” because of laid back nature and parties
5. Unlike father, limited royal power
6. Religious Problem – member of Church of England but favored Catholicism
ii. James II – r. 1685-1688
1. Ended peaceful relations between Parliament and the Crown
2. Wanted absolute power for the King
3. Appointed Catholics to government, but Parliament patient with him b/c heir to
the throne was his Protestant daughter Mary
4. 1688, son who would become King instead of Mary, would be raised Catholic
5. English leaders invite William of Orange, king of the Netherlands to invade
England assume the Crown as a Protestant.
a. A bloodless revolt called the “Glorious Revolution”
iii. King William III (1650-1702) and Queen Mary II (1662-1694) r. 1689-1702
1. Co-Constitutional Monarchs who helped pass English Bill of Rights
a. 1689, settled major disputes between monarch and Parliament
i. Model for US Bill of Rights, limited power of monarchy
iv. Queen Anne – r. 1702-1714
1. Sister of Queen Mary II
2. No children so succession went to the granddaughter of James I, meaning
England’s royal family now German!
v. Act of Union – 1707
1. United England and Scotland
a. Scots received representation in British Parliament but retained laws,
courts, Calvinist religion, educational system, etc.
b. English and Scots are “British” – British Open golf tournament sometimes
played in Scotland
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Learning Goal 6 – I will be able to:
-Summarize the Restoration and explain its importance
-Define constitutional monarchy
-Identify James II and explain his view of power
-Summarize and explain the importance of the Glorious Revolution
-Identify William and Mary and explain their importance
-Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights
-Identify and explain the importance of Queen Anne
The Restoration
Constitutional
Monarchy
James II and his
view of power
The Glorious
Revolution
William & Mary
English Bill of
Rights
Queen Anne
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82
American
British
French
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Learning Goal 1 – I will be
able to:
-List the three branches of
government in the United
States
-Explain the jobs of each of
the three branches of
government
-Summarize how each
branch balances the power
of the other two
-Identify my representatives
in the United States
Congress
Learning Goal 2 – I will be
able to:
-List and explain the three
reasons a representative
government (Parliament)
began more easily in Great
Britain
-Define and explain the
importance of the Magna
Carta
.
Learning Goal 3 – I will be
able to:
-Identify each of the Tudor
Monarchs and explain their
significance
-Define and explain the
importance of the Act of
Supremacy
-Generalize the relationship
between Monarch and
Parliament
Learning Goal 4 – I will be
able to:
-Identify James I and
explain his contribution to
Catholicism
-Explain James I’s view of
his own power
-Summarize how he upset
Parliament with his
spending
-Identify Guy Fawkes and
summarize the Gunpowder
Plot and its relevance today
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Learning Goal 5 – I will be
able to:
-Identify Charles I and
explain his relationship with
Parliament
-Summarize the events of
the English Civil War and
explain why it was
important
-Identify Oliver Cromwell
and explain his importance
Learning Goal 6 – I will be
able to:
-Summarize the Restoration
and explain its importance
-Define constitutional
monarchy
-Identify James II and
explain his view of power
-Summarize and explain the
importance of the Glorious
Revolution
-Identify William and Mary
and explain their importance
-Explain the significance of
the English Bill of Rights
-Identify and explain the
importance of Queen Anne
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Unit 3 Need to Know
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Who paid taxes in
England
King John
Magna Carta
Tudor Dynasty
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Edward VI
Lady Jane Grey
Mary I & Phillip II of
Spain
Elizabeth I
James I
Legislative Branch
Gunpowder Plot
Guy Fawkes
Charles I
Petition of Right
Oliver Cromwell
Royalists &
Parliamentarians
Rump Parliament
Charles II
James II
Glorious Revolution
Restoration
Constitutional monarchy
William of Orange &
Mary II
English Bill of Rights
Queen Anne
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