Environmental Awareness knowledge and parameters of
Environmental impact assessment (EIA) And Initial
Environmental Examination (IEE)
Dr. Amjad Ali Khan
Deputy Director (EIA)
EPA-Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
1
Environment

It includes the conditions under which any
individuals or thing exists, live or develop.
2
The Environment of Human Being
Includes:



Abiotic Factors:Land, water, atmosphere, climate, sound, odours and
taste.
Biotic Factors:Fauna (animal life of a region or geological period) Flora
(the plants of a particular region or geological period)
Ecology, bacteria and viruses; and all those social
factors which make up the quality of life.
3
How the Word Environment Emerged:

The word environment emerged in
response to the public health:
1.
In sanitary (dirty or germ carrying) dwellings and
streets.
Contaminated public water supplies.
Drain and sanitation.
Public nuisances.
Unhygienic food processing.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4
6.
7.
8.
Overcrowding.
Refuse dump.
Epidemics (wide spread of diseases)
5
EIA Definition
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) refers
to the evaluation of the environmental impacts
likely to raise from a major project significantly
affecting the environment.
6
Most definitions recognize the
following four basic principles
1.
Procedural principle; EIA establishes a
systematic method for incorporating
environmental considerations
into
decision-making;
2.
Informational principle; EIA provides the
necessary elements
to
make
an
informed decision;
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3. Preventive principle; EIA should be applied at
the earliest opportunity within the decisionmaking process to allow the anticipation and
avoidance of environmental impacts wherever
possible; and
4. Iterative principle; the information generated by
EIA is made available to interested parties to
elicit
a response which in turn should be fed
back into EIA process.
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Purpose of the Assessment.




To identify and assess any potentially adverse
environmental effects of a new development.
The adverse impacts could be avoided or reduce.
To ensure that environmental consequences were taken
into account during planning, designing & decision
Making process.
To influence how it is subsequently managed during its
implementation.
9
The Origin of EIA:
Environmental Impact Assessment emerged in
the United States as a response to the rise of
environmental movements of the 1960s that
raised awareness of the serious environmental
effects of human activities which were
inadequately controlled by existing planning
regulation and pollution control measures.
10
Spread of EIA to other countries:
The spread of EIA to other countries gained
momentum due to four fundamental factors:

First, an increasing awareness among the general
public of the danger and impacts of major
development and new technologies due to a better
scientific knowledge and publicity.

Secondly, the increasing activities of environmental
pressure groups, For example “Friends of the Earth”
in the UK.the political effectiveness of these groups
was intensified by scientific evidence and media
coverage.
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
The third, was the widespread concern about the sheer
scale of resource developments and their associated
environmental effects.

Fourth, all of the above reasons made the western
developed nations more cautious and responsive to
environmental concerns.
12
The EIA Process:
EIA may be presented as a series of stages.
13
Screening/Initial Environmental Examination (IEE):
The process of an EIA commences at the early stages of
a project. When the project is first considered, not when
construction has begun. Once a developer has identified
a need, assessed project design and site; the next step
is to see the positive and negative effects of this
development on the environment. The outcome of the
screening process is a decision to either include or
exclude the development from the full EIA Process.
14
Scoping:
Should a formal EEA be required then the next phase is
to define the issues which need to be addresses.
Scoping is a very key stage of the EIA process in which
those impacts which might have significant effect on the
environment, to be addressed in the EIA, are
determined.
15
Steps to be considered during scoping:

Develop a communication plan (decide who to talk to
and when).

Assemble information that will be the starting point of
discussion.

Make the information available to those whose views are
to be obtained.

Find out what issues people are concerned about.
16

Look at the issues from a technical or scientific
perspective in preparation for further study.

Organize information according to issues including
grouping and setting priorities.

Develop a strategy for addressing and resolving each
key issue, including information requirements and terms
of reference for further studies.
17
EIA Report Preparation:
Once it has been determined that a project has
potentially significant impacts on the environment
and the main issues to be considered in the study
have been identified, the EIA has to be undertaken
and presented in the form of an Environmental
Impact Assessment report.
The assessment must determine the significance
of direct and indirect impacts, both beneficial and
adverse, and the duration of the impacts.
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EIA report normally include the following
information:

The impact the project would have on the physical environment.

Any possible pollution of the soil, of waters of all kinds such as
surface, underground, costal and of the atmosphere.

The impact of the project on wildlife, the natural habitat and all
other ecological factors.

The project’s likely influence on the qualities of life of the local
populations.

Any influence the project may have on existing industry and
employment.

Any need that may result for new or improved infrastructure
such as utilities, transport, housing, school recreational
amenities etc.
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EIA Report Review:
Once the EIA is completed and the EIA report is submitted to
the competent authority, it has to be ensured that the EIA has
been conducted properly, that all of the necessary analysis have
been undertaken and are contained in the final report. It is
necessary to develop review criteria to check the accuracy and
comprehensiveness of the EIA Report.
The review can be carried out by decision maker or by review
committee, however effective review criteria should allow an
authority to:


Ensure that all relevant information has been analysed and
presented.
Assess the validity and accuracy of information contained in EIA
Report.
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
Quickly become familiar with the proposed project and
consider whether additional information is needed.

Assess the significance of the project’s environmental
effects.

Evaluate the need for mitigation and monitoring of
environmental impact and advise on whether a project
should be allowed to proceed.
21
Decision Maker:
Once the study is finished and EIA report is submitted,
the responsible decision-makers start what is often the
difficult task of balancing environmental, economic,
political and technical factors in reaching a final decision
regarding the course of action to be taken.
22
Monitoring:
Monitoring is an activity undertaken to provide specific
information on the characteristics and functioning of
environmental and social variables in space and time.
The monitoring activities can be classified as:

Baseline; monitoring conducted before the development
of the project and oriented towards establishing the
baseline environmental conditions.
23

Construction;p monitoring carried out during the
construction and oriented either to the emissions and
discharges of the installation or to the status of the
environmental variable.

After-use; monitoring to be carried out when the
installation is left or has finished its operative period and
oriented to residual emissions, e.g.long term evaluation
of the environmental conditions.
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Pakistan Environmental Protection Act
(PEPA), 1997

Section 12 of PEPA, 1997.
Initial Environmental Examination and
Environmental Impact Assessment-(1) No proponent
of a project shall commence construction or operation
unless he has filed with the Federal Agency an initial
environmental examination or, where the project is likely
to cause an adverse environmental effect, an
environmental impact assessment and has obtained
from the Federal Agency approval in respect thereof;
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SCHEDULE I
LIST OF PROJECTS
REQUIRING AN IEE
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(A)
Agriculture, Livestock and
Fisheries, etc.
1) Poultry, livestock, stud and fish farms with
total cost of more than 10 million rupees.
2) Projects involving repacking, formulation
or warehousing of agriculture products.
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(B)
Energy
Hydroelectric Power generation less than 50 MW.
Thermal Power generation less than 200 MV.
Transmission Lines less than 11KV, and large distribution
projects.
Oil and Gas transmission system.
Oil and Gas extraction projects including exploration,
production, gathering system, separation and storage.
Waste-to-energy generation projects.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
28
Manufacturing & Processing.
Ceramics and glass units with total cost of more than 50
million rupees.
Food Processing industries including sugar mills,
beverages, milk and diary products, with total cost of less
than 100 million rupees.
Man made fibers and resin projects with total cost less
than 100 million rupees.
Manufacturing of apparel including dying and printing,
with total cost of more than 25 million rupees.
Wood products with total cost of more than 25 million
rupees.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
29
(D)
Mining & Mineral Processing
Commercial extraction of sand gravel,
limestone, clay, sulphur and other minerals
not included in Schedule II with cost of less
than 100 million rupees.
Crushing, grinding and separation processes.
Smelting plants with total cost of 50 million
rupees.
1.
2.
3.
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(E)
Transport
1.
2.
Federal or provincial highways (except
maintenance, rehabilitation or reconstruction
of existing mettaled roads) with total cost of
less than 50 million rupees.
Ports and harbour development for ships less
than 500 gross tons.
31
(F)
Water Management, Dams, Irrigation
and Flood Protection.
1.
2.
3.
Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than
50 million cubic meters or surface area less than 08
square kilometers.
Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than
15,000 hectares.
Small scale irrigation system with total cost less than
50 million rupees.
32
(G)
Water Supply and
Treatment.
Water supply schemes and treatment plants
with total cost of less than Rs. 25 million
rupees.
1.
33
(H)
Waste Disposal
Waste disposal facility for domestic or
industrial wastes, with annual capacity less
than 10,000 cubic meters.
1.
34
(I)
Urban Development and
Tourism.
Housing schemes.
Public facilities with significant off-site
impacts e.g, hospital wastes.
Urban development projects.
1.
2.
3.
35
(J)
Other Projects.
Any other project for which filing of an IEE is
required by the Federal Agency under subregulation (2) of regulation.
1.
36
SCHEDULE II
LIST OF PROJECTS
REQUIRING AN EIA
37
(A)
Energy
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Hydroelectric power generation over 50
MW.
Thermal power generation over 200 MW.
Transmission lines (11 KV and above)
and grid stations.
Nuclear Power plants.
Petroleum refineries.
(B)
Manufacturing and Processing
Cement Plants.
Chemicals projects.
Fertilizers plants.
Food processing industries including sugar
mills, beverages, milk and dairy products with
total cost of Rs. 100 Million and above.
Industrial Estates (including export
processing zones)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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6. Man-made fibers and resin projects with total cost of
Rs. 100 Million and above.
7. Pesticides (manufacture or formulation).
8. Petrochemicals complex.
9. Synthetic resins, plastic and man-made fibers, paper
and paperboard, paper pulping, plastic products,
textile (except apparel), printing and publishing,
paints and dyes, oils and fats and vegetable ghee
projects with a total cost more than Rs. 10 Million.
10. Tanning and lather finishing projects.
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(C)
Mining and Mineral
Processing.
1.
Mining and processing of coal, gold, copper,
sulphur and precious stones.
Mining and processing of major non-ferrous
metals, iron and steel rolling.
Smelting plants with total cost of Rs. 50 Million
and above.
2.
3.
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(D)
Transport
1.
2.
3.
4.
42
Airports.
Federal or provincial highways (except
maintenance, rebuilding or reconstruction of
existing roads) with total cost of Rs.50 million and
above.
Ports and harbors development for ships 500 gross
tons and above.
Railway works.
(E)
Water Management, Dams,
Irrigation and Flood Protection.
Dams and reservoirs with storage volume 50
million cubic meters and above or surface
area of 08 square kilometers and above.
Irrigation and drainage projects serving
15,000 hectares and above.
1.
2.
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(F)
Water supply schemes and
treatment.
Water supply schemes and treatment plants
with total cost of Rs. 25 million and above.
1.
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(G)
Waste Disposal
1.
2.
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Waste disposal and / or storage of
hazardous or toxic wastes (including land
fill sites incineration of hospital toxic
waste).
Waste disposal facility for domestic or
industrial waste with annual capacity
more than 10,000 cubic meters.
(H)
Urban development and
tourism.
Land use studies and urban plans (large
cities).
Large scale tourism development projects
with total cost more than Rs. 50 million.
1.
2.
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(I)
Environmentally Sensitive Areas.
1. All projects situated in environmentally
sensitive areas.
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


Industrial development
Effective use of resources
Sustainable development
Thanks for listening.
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