Symposium to Honor
Herman Winick
THE EARLY YEARS
Ewan Paterson
and
Friends
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INTRODUCTION
• Herman was born in 1932
• I have known Herman since 1963
• We have worked together on and off during
these 49 years
• This is probably longer than anyone here
(outside of the family) and I therefore have
the honor of talking about some of these
early years together.
• Let us begin before I knew Herman
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~1935
A young Herman
who appears just a
little concerned. A
rare condition!
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~ 1947
Some years later we
have Herman
showing much more
self assurance?
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~1952
Note the pipe!
Herman trying
to look like an
upcoming young
physicist.
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He made it!
Herman’s Thesis 1957
Phys. Rev. 109, 1733–1749 (1958)
Interactions of 38- and 61-Mev Positive
Pions in Deuterium
Submitted by H. Winick in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University.
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He Moved to the CEA in 1959
•
•
•
•
The Cambridge Electron Accelerator
Being built and operated by Harvard and MIT
Director M. Stanley Livingston
At that time it was being finished and
commissioned
• It was the highest energy electron accelerator
before the monster SLAC
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The HARVARD CRIMSON
Saturday, November 28, 1959
• Electron Accelerator Begins Fundamental
Operations
• Construction is now under way on the final stages of the Cambridge
Electron Accelerator, M. Stanley Livingston, its director, said
yesterday.
• Although the synchrotron, or electron accelerator, has been in
operation since September, several secondary projects remain to be
finished.
• When completed, it will be the only machine of its kind enabling
study of the laws of nuclear forces through the scattering of such
high energy electrons.
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The CEA
A brief history by Herman Winick
50 yrs
HW to SSRP
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Only the Experiment Hall survives today both above
and below ground. A warehouse with a 50 ton crane!
The other buildings have been replaced.
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I Joined the CEA Staff in 1963
Just like Herman, 1 year after my PhD
• My job (50% time) was to develop the accelerator
external beams for experiments
• I had to work with Operations Group led by HW
• I had to work with Vacuum Group led by HW
• First impression of Herman Winick
• Fun, Fantastic Energy and Enthusiasm
and nothing has changed in 49 years
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CEA & SLAC Storage Ring Proposals
• In 1964 and in 1965 both CEA and SLAC proposed E+ EColliding Beam Storage Rings at 3 GeV per beam
• In 1965 an AEC committee chaired by Jackson Laslett
reported out in favor of SLAC with its superior injector “the
monster” and John Rees left CEA and joined Richter at SLAC
• But no funds were forthcoming!!
• In fact quoting Richter, “ In 1966 the proposal was submitted
for the third time……..and it was not funded. Similarly in
1967, 1968.1969 and 1970, in spite of increasingly strong
support from the High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, no
construction funds were available.”
• An historical review would say that all of this was to the
benefit of “Photon Science” in the long run. See later
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The Norman Ramsey Challenge
• A case of Champagne for getting Harvard back into the
Colliding Beam business
• Herman and I were part of the small team of physicists and engineers, led
by Gus Voss and Ken Robinson, that pulled together many crazy ideas and
inventions to convert the CEA to an e+ e- Colliding Beam Storage Ring
• These were presented to the world at HEACC 67 hosted by CEA
“6th International Conference On High-Energy Accelerators”
The Colliding Beam Project At The Cambridge Electron Accelerator.
A. Hofmann, R. Little, H. Mieras, J.M. Paterson, K.W. Robinson, G.A. Voss, H. Winick.
The oral presentation was politely received!
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Most of the Accelerator Team in ≈ 1967
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Changes included :- NEW E+/- INJECTORS, MULTI-CYCLE INJECTION,
DAMPING MAGNETS, NEW VACUUM SYSTEM, BYPASS, ETC-ETC
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The CEA Low Beta Bypass
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The Bypass On-line Detector
BOLD The name fitted the project!
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The CEA Colliding Beam Project Operating Cycle
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Vacuum System Upgrade
Herman Winick
in charge
Old chambers were S.S. rings covered
with fiberglass and epoxy.
Not exactly UHV specifications!
New chambers were ceramic as
shown with conductive coating (used
for bakeout and ion clearing) and
with built in synchrotron stops.
Other components e.g. cavities,
straight sections were removed
cleaned and baked.
The vacuum system was state of the
art and was not an impediment to
colliding beam performance or would
have been as a future light source.
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Innovative & Complex Operation!!!
•
•
•
•
•
New injector with positrons
New Damping Magnet System
New Vacuum System
New Bypass with Low Beta Collision Point
New Fast + DC Switching System, Diagnostics, etc, etc
≈ 1969-70 Budget cuts forced closure of the physics research programs and this
project is under pressure from funding projections and the outlook at that
West Coast laboratory. A small team with great spirit took on the challenge
with the attitude that :The difficult we will fix today and tomorrow we will do the impossible!
WE DID IT and published physics at 2 + 2 GeV (1972) and 2.5 + 2.5 (1973).
BEFORE SPEAR!
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J Rees Quote from the “History of E+/- Storage Rings”
And even then the luminosity of CEA was not limited by
the beam-beam limit; it was limited by the incredible
complexity and difficulty of the CEA operating cycle. I
think that the saga of CEA is the Book of Job of the
accelerator builders. They were afflicted by every
handicap that could have been visited upon them, yet
they persevered, and in the end the Lord loved them
and they got the right value of R. Of course nobody
believed it. The machine was too hard to operate!
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A not uncommon scene in the CEA Control Room!
We celebrated every small success to keep going.
Norman Ramsey’s case of Champagne had to be replaced more than once
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CEA Data and First Scan at SPEAR
Total energy scan at SPEAR took less time than each CEA data point!
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Progress at SLAC
• SPEAR was being re-designed every year to improve it and
reduce the cost.
• Lot’s of support from Committees but no funds appropriated!
• By 1969 the location had moved from the 2/3 point of the
linac to the end, in the research yard. At least above ground!
• It was still a double horizontal asymmetric ring design with
low beta IR’s and large crossing angle. Not good geometry for
future beam lines!
• Then it changed from a project to an experiment with a
single ring , on the surface of a parking lot, covered by
movable shielding blocks.
Much better design for the future development of SR beam
lines and low cost facilities but not for that reason.
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BACK at CEA
• We knew the lab was doomed to close but we had to
get some physics out to justify our efforts.
• Meanwhile Herman had become interested in the
use of synchrotron radiation from storage rings, a
field in its infancy.
• He began pouring his energy and enthusiasm into
developing a proposal to use CEA as a dedicated
source in the future.
• Working with others at Harvard he developed a first
focused X-ray beam line at CEA
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Developed in 1972
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Excerpts from a 1972 paper
“SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION AT THE CAMBRIDGE
ELECTRON ACCELERATOR“
Herman Winick
•
It has now been converted to an e+e storage ring colliding beam
machine and has recently completed an experiment2 at Ecm = 2 + 2 GeV.
A final experiment at Ecm = 2.5 + 2.5 GeV is in progress, after which the
colliding beam physics program will be terminated because higher
luminosity is available from the storage ring SPEAR.
•
A proposal to operate the CEA as a National Laboratory dedicated to
the use of synchrotron radiation for research in physics, chemistry, biology,
and medical diagnostics, is now under consideration by the NSF. This
proposal projects the installation of many additional beam runs and
"wiggler" magnets In the target area, a 35-ft x 130-ft fully equipped
experimental hall.
• This paper was ahead of its time but it was too big a first step for the NSF
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The Result
•They said we need someone to lead the building of BL1
•I said “I know the right man for the job”
•Herman was invited to SLAC for an interview
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My Recollection of that Visit
• Herman came for an interview , staying with my
wife and I in Sharon Heights
• We returned home in the evening and Herman
made two phone calls, one to Renee and one to
get on a Red Eye flight to Boston
• I got him to SFO in 30 mins and I could tell from
his excitement and energy level that allowing
for some promise of job security for the longer
term, at least more than 2 years, then :Herman was coming to SSRP/SLAC/Stanford.
And the rest is history to be covered by others but just a little
more history from me!
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Herman’s Records at CEA/Harvard
Cambridge Electron Accelerator
(Cambridge, Mass.)
Records of the Cambridge Electron Accelerator : an inventory
Series: UAV 257.295.1 Individual scientists' files, ca. 1954-1974 (2
cubic feet in 6 containers) Access Restrictions: These files are
restricted for 80 years.
• Scope and Content: There files contain correspondence concerning
research projects, family life, and immigration issues, as well as
resumes and documents relating to appointments.
• Box 6 Winick, Herman and I am in Box 5 Paterson, J.M.
• They are still safe for more than 30 years and probably in the
Experimental Hall which is in use by Harvard for storage.
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The Start of SSRP Construction in ‘73. Much less
expensive than underground facilities would
have been with earlier SPEAR designs.
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Herman Joins the Team
A “bright” future for SSRP.
But see the next slide
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The START of SSRP as seen by Herman
with notes by Ewan
(Good beginning)
(But there are some
suspicious data runs!)
(This is why our (CEA) data points
were so high and correct!)
No hard X-rays but :- a PSI, PSI-prime, Charm Threshold and
a TAU Lepton
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
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Psi discovered by Richter (on right)
and the SLAC/LBLPsi
Collaboration in
November ‘74
What were Herman and I thinking?
WE ARE GOING TO
WWE
NEED WIGGLERS
SOON
We could have run
WE
the CEA at 1.55 GeV
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CONGRATULATIONS HERMAN
In 1973 I said “I know the right man for the job”.
You proved me correct and I can still say it today.
So what is next, Herman?
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