Anatomy and Physiology II
Mid-Term II Review
Terms: For each gland, know the hormones that are synthesized there and the
target organs these hormones effect
Hormone
Endocrine Gland
Paracrine Gland
Pituitary Gland
Anterior
Posterior
Adrenal Glands
Cortex
Medulla
Pineal Gland
Testes
Ovaries
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Pancreas
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Plasma
Hematopoiesis
Hemoglobin
Heme
Globin
Diapedesis
Fibrin
Fibrinogen
Embolism
Myocardium
Pericardium
Endocardium
Artery
Vein
Coronary Arteries
Ventricles
Atria
Valves
Chordae tendineae
Papillary Muscles
Autorhythmic Cells
EKG
Lumen
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Capillaries
Capillary bed
Vasomotor Center
Baroreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Concepts:
1. What is the difference between a primary and a secondary messenger system
in the context of the hormonal regulation of cell processes.
2. What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?
3. What are the major causes of anemia?
4. How does a blood clot form?
5. Be able to trace the path of blood through the heart and body.
6. What are the factors that directly regulate cardiac output?
7. Veins have little pressure in them compared to arteries. What anatomical
structures in veins help blood flow back to the heart?
8. What is the difference between systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood
pressure?
9. What about the peripheral circulatory system (arteries and veins away from
the heart) can affect blood pressure?
10. How do materials get into and out of blood and tissues that are perfused by
capillaries?
11. How is blood pressure regulated in the short term?
12. How is blood pressure regulated over the long term?
13. What is the relationship between blood flow, pressure and resistance?
14. What is the difference between the respiratory and the muscular “pumps” of
veins?
15. How can the endocrine system regulate the circulatory system?
16.