California State University, Long Beach JOURNALISM 311 Reporting and Information Gathering Fall 2012 Instructor: Judith Frutig Class Meets: Mondays & Wednesdays, 12‑1:50 p.m., in SSPA, Room 108 Office Hours: Mondays & Wednesdays from 2-3 p.m.; Tuesdays & Thursdays from 1-2 p.m.; other times by appointment. Office: SSPA‑026 (two doors down from the Journalism Department) Email: jkfrutig@aol.com ‑ In every message you send to me, please include this information on the subject line: Jour 311 [your first and last name in these brackets] Office Phone: 562‑985‑5361 (Please e‑mail first) “If one morning I walked on top of the water across the Potomac River, the headline that afternoon would read: ‘President Canʹt Swim.’ʺ ~Lyndon B. Johnson, 36th President of the United States “It sometimes takes a while for executives to figure out that the reporters they think of as little bugs to be squashed or spun can be more powerful than they are.” ~Jonathan Alter, former Newsweek editor and current columnist for Bloomberg.com News CATALOGUE DESCRIPTION Prerequisites: JOUR 120 with a grade of ʺCʺ or better. Teaches students to report, gather, process and transform messages. Involves seeking sources in libraries, public records, books, magazines, journals, corporate reports, computer databases and personal interviews. PROGRAM REQUIREMENT This is the Journalism and Mass Communication Department’s second core skills course. It is a prerequisite for JOUR 310 and the gateway to the department’s upper division classes. COURSE OVERVIEW This upper division skills course gives students the opportunity to achieve the following: 1. Learn the basics of news gathering and news writing 2. Demonstrate a thorough familiarity with the conventions of journalism (as published by reputable news outlets, spoofed on The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, and presented in your own work). 3. Speak and write knowledgeably about important issues in journalism and how they interact with the culture at large. 4. Accurately assess the credibility of a potential source (from a Web page, press release, or an anonymous tip). 5. Exhibit communications skills and research methods that adhere to the standards and conventions of the contemporary practice of ethical journalism. If you work hard in this class, you will be a giant step closer to going to work in a professional newsroom or public relations organization. Journalism 311 is designed as a hands‑on practical course. It requires students to think more deeply about the news stories published in the mass media ‑ and encourage you to ask why these organizations are saying what they’re saying and doing what they’re doing at this time and in this place. Many JOUR 311 students are looking forward to careers in online publications, some are interested in the public relations industry; many others aren’t heading for careers as journalists at all. But the qualities that characterize the best journalists – the ability to carefully weigh information for its truthfulness; cautiously look at all sides of an issue or event or argument; maintain a healthy sense of skepticism (but not cynicism); a passionate belief in the importance of public service ‑ are critical to every citizen of this democracy and in all fields of endeavor. Finding creative ways to get to the truth of something is an imperative for journalists, but it is equally important in the day‑to‑day life of American democracy ‑‑ whether the matter at hand is deciding what occupation to take up after graduation, weighing advice from family and friends (including friendly professors), landing your first big job, or going to graduate school, or whatever direction your interests take you. REQUIRED READING I have two books and one newspaper in mind: 1. Tim Harrower, Inside Reporting: A Practical Guide to the Craft of Journalism, 3rd edition (New York: McGraw‑Hill, 2013). ISBN: 978‑0‑07‑352617 2. The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law (2012, preferably spiral‑bound, but 2011 is also OK). 3. A one‑semester, student‑rate subscription to the Los Angeles Times. [You must be informed and knowledgeable about current events and you are required to read the L.A. Times every day. You should pay special attention to the Sunday edition, where editors often place their most important stories. I hope you will use this course to develop newsreading habits that will serve you for a lifetime – no matter what direction your career takes.] RECOMMENDED READING AND NEWS SOURCES 1. Websterʹs New World College Dictionary, 11th edition (Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley, 2006). ISBN‑13: 9780764571251 2. William Strunk and E. B. White, Elements of Style, 4th edition (1995). ISBN‑13: 9780205309023 3. On‑line national editions of the New York Times (www.nytimes.com), San Francisco Chronicle (www.sfgate.com),Washington Post (www.washingtonpost.com), USA Today (www.usatoday.com) 4. On‑line regional editions for the Los Angeles Times (www.latimes.com), Long Beach Press‑Telegram (www.presstelegram.com) and Orange County Register (www.ocregister.com). 5. Pay attention to network and cable television and radio news. Whatever outlet you choose, it’s up to you. 6. Six good Web sites to check out the current state of the news media: for Southern California, www.LAObserved.com; for the national media, Jim Romenesko’s media blog at www.poynter.org/medianews, and www.slate.com; for the political media, www.politico.com, www.huffingtonpost.com and www.dailybeast.com. WEB ACCESS, E‑MAILING YOUR INSTRUCTOR, AND IMPORTANT INTERNET SITES 1. Web access: You will need frequent online access over the course of the semester, and it is a good idea to check our class Website between sessions. If you do not have Internet access at home, make sure you allow enough time to check for new announcements and other postings on Beachboard, and to complete your assignments on campus. 2. E‑mails: I am frequently online (except Sunday) and my policy is to respond to student e‑mails the day I receive them. If you don’t hear from me by the next morning, please resend your message and note that it is your second attempt. These exchanges are best for quick clarifications or to schedule a meeting. I do not discuss grades on‑line or over the phone but you are always welcome to talk to me before or after class, or in my office during my regular office hours or by appointment. E‑mails should not be used to inquire into what you missed if you were not in class. If your absence is excused, I will help you catch up. However, if your absence is unexcused, you must get any information you missed from a classmate. 3. Internet sites: The following sites are designed to advance your learning process: www.beachboard.csulb.edu/webapps/login: This is our class Website. Please get into the habit of checking it between classes, especially on the mornings of the days we meet. This site contains important announcements, assignments, class documents, lecture notes, and your running grade scores. www.mhhe.com/harrower2e: This is the companion website to our textbook. It offers workbook exercises, interactive quizzes, grammar quizzes, web links, and key newsroom vocabulary terms. Used with the textbook, this material is the foundation for our lectures and labs – and a good study guide for our quizzes and exams. GRADES AND GRADING STRUCTURE Grades are based on the total number of points you obtain throughout the semester. Because this is a skills class, I do not grade on a curve. Students receiving 100‑90% of the total points will receive an A; 89‑80% will receive a B; 79‑70% will receive a C; 69‑60% will receive a D; 59% and lower will receive an F. To earn an honors grade ‑ an A or B ‑ you must complete everything on this syllabus, attend all classes, turn in all assignments on time and work to the best of your ability. It’s unavoidable that grading is a subjective judgment, but I will take into consideration your effort to apply yourself, and the improvements you demonstrate over the course of this semester. Learning Assessment Assignments @ 25‑50 points each Blog Assignment @ 150 points AP Style Quiz @ 60 points Math Quiz @ 60 points Final Reporting Quiz and pop quizzes @ 20‑50 points Midterm @ 100 points Final Exam @ 100 points Class Participation (including “News Total: 250 points Total: 150 points Total: 50 points Total: 60 points Total: 150 points Total: 100 points Total: 100 points of the Day” presentation) @ 100 points Option 1: Final Project (200‑point story, info package) OR 200 points Option 2: Daily Newspaper Beat stories (10 minimum) 200 points GRAND TOTAL 1,150 POINTS Total: 100 points Total: 200 points Total: 200 points OVERVIEW OF MAJOR PROJECTS 1. Boot camp: During the first few weeks of the semester, you’ll be tested on your basic knowledge of newswriting, grammar and AP style, which you learned during JOUR 120. These will help you be more prepared for the rest of the semester, when we focus on newsgathering – although writing, grammar and style will still be key elements, and part of your grade! 2. In‑class assignments: We will be doing quite a few exercises in class during the semester, and some out‑of‑class (homework) assignments also. These exercises will count as a major part of your final grade. Each exercise will be worth the same. Therefore, to know the exact value of each one, simply divide the total value listed below by the number of exercises turned in during class throughout the semester. Please note that these do add up and are hard/impossible to replace (aside from using the Free Pass for one), so missing one class/assignment may hurt your final grade in the end. 3. News of the Day (NOD): Each student is responsible for a 15‑minute presentation of the news of the day as reported by the L.A. Times, at least once during the semester. 4. Blog Assignment: You will be expected to keep a personal blog. You will be required to post 1 entry a week, for a total of 10 entries. All entries on your blog will revolve around the specific beat to which you were assigned. (For example, if you were given the police beat, you’ll work on police stories.) We will set it up in class, using Blogger.com. Even if you already have a personal blog, you will be required to post your entries for class using Blogger, on a brand new blog, so it’s clear what work should be graded. IMPORTANT NOTE: You may not use the words “I”, “me,” “we” in your posts, unless they come in a quote. Blogs are not opinion columns, but objective journalistic entries. Each entry must be between 150 and 200 words. You’ll lose points for having less than 150 or more than 200 words. Each entry must include a photo and/or video. You must give proper credit to each video or photo you use, by adding a line at the end of the post that includes the name of the person or site that posted it, and a link to the original post. This exercise should make you more proficient with blogging. It also should make sure you understand your beat, and know as much as possible about it. Students will then present and their blogs twice during the semester (once in the middle; one at the end). Presentation is mandatory, and part of your grade. Missing one presentation will automatically mean a 25‑point deduction on your final grade for the blog assignment; missing both will mean a 50‑point deduction. The schedule for presentation dates will be posted under Assignments. 5. Final Project: Students have two options for your final project: Option 1: Information Package For this option, students will write a 700‑800‑word original story related to their beat. * Students must interview at least three sources for their stories, and include original quotes. * Stories must also include an information chart/graph that shows data pertaining to their stories OR a 150 to 170‑word sidebar story on a smaller yet related topic. * Students must also submit an original photo you shot yourself, that is relevant to the story. Option 2: The Daily 49er Option As an alternative to Option 1, students will be able to work a news beat for the Daily 49er, writing stories, covering events as needed for the paper. * Beat availability depends on the needs of the Daily 49er as well as the student’s schedule. * Students who opt for this plan will sign a contract, agreeing to write at least 10 print or online stories for the Daily 49er and to cover breaking news on the beat as needed. * Students have until Thursday, February 16 (Week 4) to decide if they want to take the newspaper option. Students who agree to the option and fail to do the stories could see their final grade drop 30 percent. * For each published story, it’s the student’s responsibility to give the professor a copy, either on paper or by e‑mailing a link to the online version of the story on daily49er.com. * Students have in the past appreciated this option because it gives them daily writing experience, getting their work published ‑‑ and clips for their portfolios. * Grades will be assigned for completing the assignment, and also for the quality of the articles. * These 10 stories must be published no later than Week 14. CLASS STRUCTURE AND PROCEDURES Reading and Homework Assignments: All reading and homework assignments must be completed before class. All written assignments will be submitted by e‑mail before class and turned in as a hard copy at the end of class. Class time: Our sessions will feature lectures, discussions, presentations and lab work. Tuesdays, typically, will be lecture days. Thursdays are lab days, and they will simulate the experience of a professional newsroom. As much lab work as possible will be done in the classroom. What we can’t do in class will be assigned as homework. Attendance and Participation: On‑time daily attendance is mandatory and your participation is encouraged. Most of you hold down part time or full time jobs, and you should treat class time in the same responsible way you treat your work time. When the session starts, it’s your job to be here and ready to participate. At the beginning of each class, I will pass around a daily attendance sheet, and it is your responsibility to make sure your signature and student ID number appear on it. If you come late to class and don’t sign the sheet – even though you are here – you will be officially absent. Your presence is important because new material will be introduced at every session, which is essential to your progress as college students in whatever area of the media that is of interest to you. Excused Absences: Everyone experiences challenges. If an emergency should arise, and you must miss a class because of a job conflict, mandatory campus event, family emergency or a religious holiday, you are expected to send me a detailed e‑mail message before class begins to explain what is keeping you away. (The complete department policy on absences is explained in an addendum to this syllabus.) Excused absences must fall within university policies, but to be excused, the reason(s) must be documented. At the next class session you must provide some kind of written confirmation, as for example, from the campus health clinic, verifying that an emergency situation conflicted with class time. If you need to leave a class early you must inform your instructor as why, and bring documentation to the next class that explains where you went. Unexcused Absences and Unexplained Departures: An unexcused absence means that you did not show up for class, did not sign the daily attendance sheet, did not alert your instructor in advance that you were not coming, or did not provide documentation showing that your absence was excused. An unexcused early departure means you walked out of class without permission and counts as an unexcused absence. You are allowed to take one unexcused absence with no penalty, but two unexcused absences will reduce your cumulative score by five percentage points; three or more unexcused absences are considered excessive in a 15‑week instructional semester and will reduce your cumulative score by 10 percent or one letter grade. If you miss any NOD or BLOG presentations, lab exercises, a quizzes or exams, this will result in a score of zero and cannot be made up. Friendly warning: unexcused absences can lead to a failing grade. Responsibility for Course Content: If you must miss a class for any reason, you are still responsible for the information. If your absence is excused, I will give you any notes or handout material you missed. However, if your absence is unexcused, you must get the information or documents from a fellow student. You may always ask for clarification of any material from any class that you either missed or do not understand. Make‑ups: If you miss a quiz or an exercise or an exam, you may make it up only if you have a valid excused absence. But if your absence or late arrival was not excused, please don’t ask for a make‑up! I reserve the right to compensate students who come to class, are alert and prepared and fully participate in our lectures and labs. OTHER OBLIGATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS Our Class Standard for Story Formatting: Every paper you turn in must be in a Microsoft Word format, typed in Times‑New Roman 12 font and double‑spaced for editing. If you turn in a paper that is single spaced or handwritten or prepared in any typeface besides Times‑New Roman 12 font, I will turn it back to you to redo and the reformatted copy will be graded as a late paper. (More about this in a handout posted on Beachboard.) Vocabulary and Spelling: All journalists must regularly consult a dictionary and know how to use spellcheck. Use your dictionary! Spel check! Spell chek! Spell check! This includes all proper names, which will be counted as a major inaccuracy. Warning: Any story with a major factual error that is in a quote or material to the story will receive an F. Deadlines: Journalism is a deadline‑driven profession and your instructor will treat all writing assignments, including in‑class lab exercises, the same way they are treated in the day‑to‑day world of a professional, daily newsroom. Your assignments are due before the deadline. If you have a legitimate reason for turning something in late, you must discuss it with your instructor before the deadline passes. Otherwise, no late assignments will be accepted. CLASSROOM CONDUCT Talking is a gradable commodity: All students are encouraged to ask informed questions and speak up during discussions. On the other hand, excessive side talking is a distraction in a classroom this size, and inattentiveness signals that you are not taking your college education – or student fees ‑ seriously. If you have unanswered questions, please talk to the whole room. Ask questions! Democracy has been famously called “the Great Conversation.” And journalism is a profession of educated people who spend their working days finding out what they don’t know, so they can talk about it. All of this means there is no such thing as a “dumb question” in this class. If someone designed a T‑shirt slogan to explain what journalism is about, it would probably say, “I’M A JOURNALIST. I DON’T KNOW.” So never hesitate to ask about anything ‑ any idea or concept I have explained or a term I have used, or a historical or literary or social reference that you do not understand. Take good notes: Bring a notebook and use it. If you want to record class proceeding for your personal use, please advise me in advance. Do original work: If two or more students turn in identical, incorrect answers to a weekly quiz or on a writing exercise or homework, you will each receive a score of zero. Be active in our classroom community: Tolerance, respect for diverse opinions, and good will toward others is crucial to successful journalism. In class, we will treat each other as working colleagues, appreciate our differences, and focus on the work at hand. FURTHER THOUGHTS ON CLASSROOM CONDUCT Put away your cell phones and iPods: Cell phone interruptions, texting, and the use of iPods are not tolerated in most business meetings and are not permitted here. If you must leave your cell phone turned on during class, please put it on the silent or vibrate setting and check any messages after the session ends. At the very least, texting is rude, and your instructor may treat repeated incidents as early departures. Cell phones and iPods are banned during quizzes and exams: All cell phones and iPods must be closed inside a backpack or purse during quizzes and exams. No exceptions. Any student who tries to use a cell phone during a quiz or exam will receive an automatic “F.” Those tantalizing computer screens: At the beginning of each session, students are required to set your monitors to the home screen and place your mice behind it. The only appropriate use of the computers in JOUR 311 is when all of us are working on them together. Using class time to e‑mail your friends, or to check Facebook, Twitter or You Tube ‑ or any social Website ‑ is inappropriate in a university classroom. Any violation of this basic house rule will result in a three‑point deduction from your participation score. This is your fair warning: I may not advise you in real time that the deduction has been taken, but it will show up on your cumulative score. ACADEMIC ACCOMMODATIONS Any student requesting academic accommodations based on disability should notify me as soon as possible, and go to Brotman Hall, Room 270, to obtain the necessary papers. If you need a stenographer or want to take your exams at the Disabled Student Services office, I want to work with you. You may call DSS at 562‑985‑5401. REPEAT / DELETE Any student who receives a grade of D, F, WU or NC must retake this course for a passing grade before being eligible to enroll in JOUR 311, which is the gateway to most upper division journalism courses. Under the university’s repeat/delete policy, your failing grade will be erased one time from your transcript when your passing grade is added. A WORD ABOUT GREAT EXPECTATIONS AND ACADEMIC INTEGRITY The Department of Journalism and Mass Communication maintains a commitment to the highest standards of academic integrity and excellence, and I expect you to have enough self‑respect that the idea of cheating or plagiarizing is beyond the range of consideration. Plagiarism is defined as using someone else’s ideas or written work and representing them as your own, and this includes appropriating someone else’s organization, or information from a website, without clear attribution. Any student found guilty of cheating on quizzes, exams or exercises, or of plagiarizing or purchasing papers will receive a failing grade. There are no exceptions to this policy. FINALLY… Visit me in my office as often as you want. Every one of you has earned your seat at this university, and you need to take full advantage of your time here. I am interested in your progress and want all of you to be successful. Don’t wait until the final instructional weeks to talk about any problems. If you come in early enough, I can work with you but I have little sympathy for students who come to me at the end of the semester – or worse, after the posting of final grades, asking for mercy. A FEW WORDS ABOUT YOUR PROFESSOR JUDITH FRUTIG is an award‑winning journalist and communications consultant. Before joining the Cal State Long Beach faculty in 2005, she worked for three decades in the related fields of print and broadcast journalism, corporate communications and political public relations. As a print journalist, she served as a reporter, for some of the most notable news organizations in the United States, including The Christian Science Monitor (bureau chief and senior correspondent in Los Angeles and Chicago, specializing in national politics), Detroit Free Press (general assignment, investigative reporting, politics and education) and Newsweek magazine (office manager in the Detroit editorial bureau while earning her bachelor’s degree in journalism at Wayne State University). She was the managing editor and host of “On the Record with Judy Frutig,” a weekly, one‑hour public affairs program on KPLS (830‑AM) radio in Los Angeles. The program aired for two years across Southern California and in western regions of Arizona and Nevada when the wind was right. In corporate communications, she served as an executive speechwriter and spokesman for the Irvine Company of Newport Beach, one of the largest private landowners and developers in the United States. For ten years, as owner of Judith K. Frutig/Corporate Communications, she served as a consultant for land developers, local government entities, environmental organizations, and high‑profile, Fortune 500 executives in Southern California. In political public relations, she worked as a press secretary for two statewide election campaigns (a U.S. Senate primary campaign, and a ballot initiative to tax the profits of major oil companies to upgrade California’s public transportation system), three regional initiatives (including the battle for the commercial future of El Toro MCAS) and numerous local candidates and ballot issues (mostly in Newport Beach). She also served as communications director for one of California’s largest unified public school districts (K‑12). She was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for a 10‑part feature series, “America’s Ten Most Livable Cities,” published in The Christian Science Monitor. Her writing skills have been honored by the Detroit Press Club Foundation, and the Orange County chapters of the Public Relations Society of America (OCPRSA) and International Association for Business Communication (HELIOS). She co‑wrote a screenplay for CBS‑TV under contract to Warner Brothers Television. She has authored major chapters in three books, including, “The Press and the Founding of the Nation” in American Media History, by Anthony R. Fellow (2005), which is the textbook she uses in her Media History class; Of Sneetches and Whose and the Good Dr. Seuss: Essays on the Writings and Life of Theodor Geisel, edited by Thomas Fensch (1997); and a history of the Newport Coast in Newport Beach: The First Century, 1888‑1988, edited by James P. Felton (1995). Her syndicated byline has appeared in newspapers from Alaska to Maine. She has written op‑ed pieces for the L.A. Times and the Orange County Register, and feature stories for Sunday magazines published by the Detroit Free Press and the Cincinnati Enquirer. She also contributed the entry for the Encyclopedia Britannica (1980) on the construction of the trans‑Alaska pipeline, which she witnessed firsthand. ANTICIPATED CLASS SCHEDULE AND TOPIC OUTLINE* *(This schedule is flexible and is based on class needs, progress and requests ‑ keep checking Beachboard for updates) Week/Days Topic Readingments Week 1 Aug. 27 Introductions, review of syllabus, course overview and assignments. Aug. 29 Newswriting Boot Camp – What goes into a lede? Review grammar, active writing, verbs, style, the basic elements of lede‑writing. Reading and Homework Assignment: Harrower, Chap. 3, “Newswriting Basics,” pp. 35‑61 Week 2 Sept. 3 Sept. 5 Week 3 Sept. 10/12 Week 4 Sept. 17/19 Week 5 Sept. 24 Sept. 26 Week 6 Labor Day Holiday – No class Newswriting Boot Camp continues. More lede‑writing. Review 66 newswriting tips. Write a longer news story. Practice the art of copy editing. Start your student‑rate subscription to the LA Times. Take AP Style Quiz Reading and Homework Assignment: Still in Harrower, “Newswriting Basics,” pp. 35‑61 More Newswriting Boot Camp. Writing crime & fire stories, obits. Using quotes Discuss Blogs/ News of the Day presentations begin Reading and Homework Assignment: Harrower, “Reporting Basics, pp. 67‑87 Lecture topic: What’s a good source? The joy of using clips. Start News of the Day presentations. Sign up for beats. Set up blogs. Reading and Homework Assignment: Harrower, “Covering the News,” pp. 93‑ 113, 157‑173 Story Research. Visit the Library on Monday. Meet with Carol Perruso‑Brown in first floor Spidell Classroom. Follow‑up assignment due. Reading and Homework Assignment: Harrower, “Beyond Breaking News,” pp. 115‑135 Oct. 1/3 Week 7 Oct. 8/10 Week 8 Oct. 15 Oct. 17 Week 9 Oct. 22/24 Week 10 Oct. 29/31 Week 11 Nov. 5/7 Week 12 Nov. 12 Nov. 13 Week 13 Nov. 19/21 Week 14 Nov. 26/28 Week 15 Dec. 3 Dec. 5 Week 16 Dec. 14 Lecture topics: Public Documents and Government Sources. Working from agendas, minutes, legislative information, regulatory agencies, voting sites, U.S. Census. Budgets, statistics & math for reporters Reading and Homework Assignment: Harrower, “Math for Journalists,” pp. 86‑87 Beats vs. General Assignment Reporting. Public Relations/PR releases – good and bad Reading and Homework Assignment: Harrower, pp. 94‑95; 189‑197 Catch‑up and Midterm Review MIDTERM EXAM People sources & interviewing skills (in‑class interview) Reading and Homework Assignment: TBA In‑depth Interviewing Reading and Homework Assignment: TBA Lecture topic: Man on the Street reporting. First Blog reports Reading and Homework Assignment: TBA Veterans Day Holiday – campus closed Monday class meets on Tuesday. The difficult/sensitive interview Finish first blog reports Reading and Homework Assignment: TBA Ethics in newsgathering Blog reports Reading and Homework Assignment: Harrower, pp. 129‑133 Blog Reports Discussion/work on final project Final Exam Review FINAL EXAM – Friday, from 12:30 to 2:30 p.m. Important Dates Aug. 27 Sept. 3 Sept. 10 Sept. 10 Sept. 17 First day of instruction Labor Day – Campus Closed Instructor Drop deadline – 10 PM Deadline for students to add and drop using MyCSULB and to drop without a ‘W’ grade – 10 PM Deadline for students to enroll using the Late Registration Request form – without a $10 missed deadline fee Sept. 24 Census – Deadline to add a class – with a $10 missed deadline fee Nov. 12 Veteran’s Day Observed – Campus Closed Nov. 16 Last day to drop a course without Dean’s signature Nov. 22-23 Thanksgiving Break – Campus Closed Dec. 7 Last day of instruction Dec. 7 Last day to drop a class (three signatures required & approval from Provost) Dec. 10-15 Final Exam Week