December 4, 2015
 Objective: SWBAT define mercantilism and
capitalism. Also, SWBAT define revolution
and determine why revolution is necessary.
– Exploration Essays – DUE TODAY
• Highlight your thesis, lines of reason,
and evidence used
– Impacts of Global Trade: Review 13.6
w/Harmon
– Parts of a revolution
– Seven Years’ War – why important?
 HW: This weekend you need to
READ and TAKE NOTES on 15.2 –
quiz Monday.
December 7, 2015 – a day that lives in
“infamy”…what do you think infamy means?
The state of being well known for some bad quality or deed.
 OBJECTIVE: SWBAT define
revolution.
– Review the LOCPRTS of a
revolution
– Review 15.2 – Test the American
Rev. to LOCPRTS
– Matrix of Revolutions – Due
Friday
– Current Event: “Revolution” –
Due Friday
 Exit: Define Revolution
 HW: Take notes 15.3
Mercantilism vs. Capitalism
 Mercantilism –
– a race to stockpile gold/silver/other resources
– Emphasis placed on EXPORTS and limit IMPORTS
– System of colonies emerge in 1600 & 1700s
 Capitalism – private ownership of production & distribution
of goods
– Not the country producing things
– Markets establish the price
– Adam Smith: His Laws of Supply/Demand & Competition
THE 7 CAUSES OF REVOLUTION
How do you remember?
•
LOC PRTS = “LOCK PARTS”
1. LEADER/MARTYR (usually the leader of •
•
the ‘rebels’ who desire power)
2. OPPRESSORS (those in power usually
•
acting with TOTAL control)
3. CAUSE (some form of injustice)
•
4. PROPAGANDA (information to spread the
message of revolt)
•
5. RESOURCES (followers/people, weapons,
•
money)
6. TIMING – (like most events in history,
•
timing is everything)
7. SPARK – (this is typically violent)
What results? LASTING CHANGE, otherwise
there was no revolution.
The Causes of the American
Revolution
Who were the leaders/martyrs?
Who were the oppressors?
What was/were the cause(s)?
What kind of propaganda was
used?
Resources? Who supported the
cause?
Timing – why was this the right
time?
What was the “spark” that
started the war?
December 14, 2015 – What is Political Revolution?
15.4 Revolutions
in Latin America
 After
Columbus,
Spain “claims”
a number of
areas in
Central/South
America
– Treaty of
Tordesillas –
Portugal
 Haiti - 1791
– Inspired by French Rev
– Sugar/Coffee plantations
– Slaves outnumbered
whites significantly
– Mixed (bi-racial) were
prevented from having
rights
Haiti - 1791







French colony of Saint-Domingue
Sugar/Coffee plantations
Mixed (bi-racial) were prevented from having rights
Leader: Toussaint L’Overture
Oppressors – Leaders of Saint-Domingue (French whites)
Causes: three tiered system: whites, mulattos, slaves…racism…taxes
Resources: black, mulatto slaves outnumbered the French (whites) by
10:1. Defeated Napoleon’s forces and local governors
 Outcome: first black republic in modern history, named Haiti
South America
French Rev video part 1
All questions are TRUE/FALSE
1. In 1789, most European Kings would have claimed
that their right to rule came from God.
2. The “three estates” were the three largest palaces of
the French Kings.
3. Many of the leaders of the “Enlightenment” tried to
promote scientific thinking.
4. The National Assembly was the government of
France at the time of the storming of the Bastille.
5. Before the French Revolution, nobles in France paid
no taxes.
French Rev video part 2
All questions are TRUE/FALSE
1. Most members of the Jacobin club supported the
“Reign of terror”.
2. King Louis XVI was executed shortly after France’s
Frist Republic was declared.
3. The Committee for Public Safety worked to end
excessive use of the guillotine.
4. President Washington decided to help France in its
wars with other European nations.
5. The French Revolution ended when Napoleon seized
power.
January 9, 2015 – TGIF!!
“I may not agree with what you have to say, but I'll
defend to the death your right to say it.”
-Voltaire
 QUESTION? - Do people have the right to say or
draw something even if it may offend/anger other
people?
 Today:
1. Charlie Hebdo
2. French Rev video from John Green ~ See link on
web site
 Exit: SUMMARIZE THE FRENCH REV
 French Rev quiz/test next week – block day 2
December 8, 2015 - PLEASE TAKE
DOWN ANY ITEMS ON THE WALLS
 OBJECTIVE: What makes a revolution worth
fighting?
1. Review 15.2 & 15.3 w/Mr. Harmon
2. Watch the French Rev video from John Green
3. Search “American revolution compared to French
Revolution”
4. Make a “T-chart” to show the similarities/differences
between the 2 revolutions – this will be “graded”
 Exit: SUMMARIZE THE FRENCH REV
AND ITS CAUSES
The French Revolution
From Louis XVI - Napoleon
Setting the Stage
 1788 King Louis XVI needs cash
– France bankrupt
• Fighting the British during the 7 Years War
(French and Indian War)
• Supported America during the American
Revolution
• Upkeep on Palace of Versailles
Background Causes
Political
Social
3/15/2016
Economic
14
Louis Calls the Estates-General
 Estates General
– Similar to Parliament
– Representatives from each of the 3 classes of
French society
1st Estate - Clergy
2nd Estate - Nobles
3rd Estate – Everyone else
- bourgeoisie
- artists, farmers,
Peasants, city workers etc
Estates General
 1st Estate has 300 members and one vote
 2nd Estate has 300 members and one vote
 3rd Estate has 600 members and one vote
– How do you feel about this if you are in the 3rd
Estate???
– WHY?
Demand for Change
 3rd Estate wants to change voting
procedures.
– Want to establish a National Assembly where
EACH representative has a vote.
King Louis XVI’s Response
NADA!!! No!!, No Way!!!
Aint gonna happen!!!,
Forgetaboutit!!! Nope!!!
Uh-uh!!! Not on my
watch!!! Not here, not
now, not ever!!!
 Get the idea??
3rd Estate Response
 June 1789 -Representatives meet on an indoor
tennis court and pledged that they would not
leave until the king agrees to their demands
– “The Tennis Court Oath”
• Like a big “sit in”
 Embarrassing situation for the king
– Why?
 King finally agrees
 Establishment of The National Assembly
Bastille Day – July 14, 1789
 July 1788 French farmers, peasants do not have
enough to eat and are paying high taxes
– Nobles out of touch (Marie Antoinette supposedly
says, “Let them eat cake” – she never really said that.)
– People can not afford food
 Peasants getting a bit rowdy
 Louis XVI starts assembling troops at Versailles
 People fear he is planning to attack the new
National Assembly and arrest members
Bastille Day continued
 People in Paris hear
about the troops
– Begin to riot.
– July 14, 1789 - Attack
the Bastille – fortress
prison in Paris.
• Seen as a symbol of
Kings power
• People storm the
prison, free the
prisoners, take guns
and ammo.
– That’s the Bastille
The Bastille
Then
Now
Then
Declaration of the Rights of Man
 National Assembly votes to
eliminate all classes, titles,
nobility.
“Liberty,
– Say nobles and clergy must pay
Equality,
taxes too
Fraternity
 Serves as a basis for French
”
Constitution
 What about women?
– Write their own Declaration of
the Rights of Woman and citizen
December 9, 2015 - PLEASE TAKE
DOWN ANY ITEMS ON THE WALLS
 OBJECTIVE: What makes a revolution worth
fighting?
1. Review 15.2 & 15.3 w/Mr. Harmon
2. Make a graphic organizer to show the
similarities/differences between the 2 revolutions –
this will be “checked” by me
3. Finish the French Rev video from John Green
4. Search “American revolution compared to French
Revolution”
 Exit: SUMMARIZE THE FRENCH REV
AND ITS CAUSES
Revolution gets out of hand
 Riots soon spread to countryside
– Peasants attack nobles in their houses. Kill
many nobles
– Nobles and Clergy living in fear
• “A Tale of Two Cities” is set in this time period
Revolution Getting out of
Control
 King Louis XVI attempts to flee the
country with his wife Marie Antoinette
 Captured and brought back
 Radicals (Jacobins) getting more say in
how the government should be run
This is
getting out
of hand
This is
not
good
We
better
stop this
They
killed their
King!!!
 1792-1793
Other nations of
Europe worry
that revolution
in France will
spread to their
countries.
Other nations invade France
– Austria, Prussia (Germany), Spain, Britain,
wage war on France.
– French fight them off
 Radicals in France gain even more power
Radicals Gain Control
 Maxmilian Robespierre and
the “Committee for Public
Safety”
– Begin hunting down all those
seen as a threat to the
Revolution
– 1793 Louis and Marie sent to
the guillotine
“Reign of Terror”
– “Reign of Terror”
Begins
• Around 30,000
people eventually
sent to the
guillotine
• Nobles, peasants,
workers - anyone
Robespierre saw as
a threat to the
revolution
End of Reign of Terror
 1794 – National
Convention feels
Robespierre has gone over
the line
– He is arrested, tried,
convicted and executed
– Don’t you just love the irony
of it all???
Impact of the Revolution
 Monarchy is gone
 Old feudal customs are gone
 Slavery in French colonies abolished
 France becomes democratic country
– The Directory
• 2 house legislature and committee of 5 Directors
– Inefficient, quarrelsome,
– It does not really work
 France has LARGE, experienced army
– Rising young star in that army – Napoleon Bonaparte
January 8, 2015
“I may not agree with what you have to say, but I'll defend to the
death your right to say it.”
-Voltaire
 QUESTION OF THE DAY – Do people have the right to
say or draw something even if it may offend/anger other
people?
 Would you be willing to revolt for the freedom of speech?
 STATIONS BABY!!! (work with at least one other person)
1. CNN student news
2. Go over vocab answers & terms – which would/could you use in
discussing the French Rev
3. French Rev video “Part II”: answer quiz questions
4. French Rev video from John Green ~ See link on web site
 Exit: SUMMARIZE THE FRENCH REV
December 11, 2015 – TGIF!!!!
 OBJECTIVE: What is REVOLUTION?
 ESSAY: In-class write, next Friday…Choose
ONE of the revolutions from chapter 15 and
write an EXPOSITORY essay which addresses
the “LOC PRTS”
1.
2.
3.
4.
Show me your graphic organizer of 15.2 & 15.3
Show me your MATRIX
Watch videos linked to my site - optional
“Dead Guys on a stick”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Get a Dead Guy
Research their Revolution from the book
Cut out and glue face to card stock
Put Dead Guy on Stick
Write Summary of their revolution as a “speech bubble”
Give to Mr. Harmon to Read
 Exit: DEFINE Revolution
FRENCH REV SUMMARY
1. What are 3 causes of the French Revolution (think 3
letter from GPECTS)?
2. Why did the 3rd estate try to establish a “National
Assembly”?
3. What was the tennis court oath?
4. Why did peasants “storm the Bastille” on July 14, 1789?
5. Why did the King of France try to escape France?
6. Who was Maximillian Robespierre?
7. What was the Reign of Terror?
8. What was the guillotine? What was it used for?
9. Who was Napoleon and what did he do for France?
10.Was the French Revolution really a revolution?
• Columbian exchange leads to Spain’s dominance in new world – hello,
Conquistadors
• Balboa – Pacific Ocean
• Magellan – first to navigate around world
• Cortes – takes over major empires
• Amerigo Vespucci – discovers what we know is America
• Home country vs. Colony – “paternalism”…the beginnings of
colonization or imperialism
• Portugal claims Brazil – Treaty of Tordesillas
• Spain (and to a far less degree Portugal, England, France) holds on for
about 300 years, until Revolution….
• Haiti In 1791, inspired by the French Revolution, slaves in the French
colony of Saint-Domingue revolted.
• Major crops were sugar, coffee, bananas
• Slaves (non-whites) far outnumbered the French whites of the island
• 3 classes: whites, mulattos (bi-racial), and slaves – what does this
remind you of?
• Inspired by French Revolution and the ideas of enlightenment
• Leader – Toussaint L’Ouverture – joins the slave rebels and helps
defeat troops sent by Napoleon in 1804
• Bloody and violent, Haiti become free and first black republic.
Revolution in the Spanish Colonies
 After the Haitian Revolution, whites (think Europeans) feared that
rebellions might arise among the lower classes of Indians, enslaved
Africans, and people of mixed ancestry
 The minority white population dominated politically (power to create,
control and enforce laws – that’s not “liberty” or “equality)
 Creoles were American-born (think Caribbean) descendants of
Spanish (or French) colonists
 Peninsulares were Spanish-born settlers
 A series of Creole-led revolutions resulted in the founding of new
nations throughout Spanish America.
 The Spanish took the right to rule their own areas away from the
Creoles and entrusted important political and military positions to the
peninsulares and generally snubbed the Creoles
 In 1808, French forces under Napoleon invaded and occupied Spain,
severing the link between Spain and its colonies. Many Creoles saw
this as an opportunity to restore their position in colonial society—
both political and economic.
 Spanish territories in the New World were called viceroyalties. New
Granada and Rio de la Plata were two of those areas.
San Martín in Río de la Plata
•
Royalists (Loyalists in America) vs. Patriots (Rebels)
•
In 1816, patriot groups within the viceroyalty joined together to form the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata and
declared their independence from Spain.
•
Buenos Aires new country’s capital.
•
The patriots realized that their country could not be secure until the Spanish had been driven from power throughout
the continent
•
Peru (remember the Incas?) had to be conquered.
•
In 1817, patriot leader José de San Martín formed and trained an army in Río de la Plata. It included blacks,
mulattos, and mestizos
•
He led this 4,000-man “Army of the Andes on a bold mission against royalist forces in Peru.
•
Over four years, San Martin marched through Chile and eventually conquered Peru
•
In July 1821, San Martín declared Peru independent.
•
In order to secure independence, San Martín decided to consult with another great patriot commander, Simón
Bolívar.
Bolívar in New Granada
•
Simon Bolívar was a wealthy Creole and had led the revolution in New Granada (Venezuela)
•
For his success in freeing various regions, he received the title “The Liberator.”
•
He was defeated in 815 by a large army sent from Spain and force to flee.
•
He sailed to Haiti, which provided him the resources needed to continue the fight for
independence.
•
In 1819, Bolívar changed his strategy. He engaged in guerrilla warfare, living off the land and making quick, hitand-run strikes against the enemy (exactly what American colonist did to defeat the British).
•
Bolívar’s army now consisted of not only Creoles but also a number of British and Irish troops and, for the first time,
mulattos.
•
In the spring of 1819, Bolívar launched a surprise attack on the Spanish force.
•
In May 1822, had brought independence to New Granada.
Resistance to Revolution in Peru and Mexico
•
In July 1822, Bolívar and San Martín met in Ecuador. There San Martín decided to step aside and let Bolívar
take the lead in the effort to liberate Peru.
•
Bolívar and his army accomplished this task in a series of battles starting in August 1824. By April 1825, he had
tracked down and defeated the remaining royalist forces in the region then called Upper Peru. The nation formed from
Upper Peru would rename itself Bolivia in honor of their Liberator.
•
•
Mexico, like Peru, remained staunchly loyal to Spain.
Peninsulares there ran the government and blocked attempts by Creoles to introduce liberal
reforms.
• In 1810, a radical Creole priest, Miguel Hidalgo, called for independence. He inspired a
nationalist uprising of Indians and mestizos across the Mexican countryside.
• Their goal was to force the Spanish out of Mexico.
•
Hidalgo’s followers killed many peninsulares and destroyed much property.
• The independence movement threatened to become a social revolution. Fearing that, many Creoles
joined Mexico’s royalist army.
• The army finally overpowered the rebel forces and executed Hidalgo (can you say MARTYR?)
and his successor, José María Morelos. But the movement for independence did not die.
•
In 1821, in an unexpected turnabout, Creole soldiers conducted a successful coup d’état
against their Spanish officers.
• They achieved independence and the promise of a constitutional monarchy.
• The former royalist Agustín de Iturbide, declared himself emperor. His reign lasted less than a
year, as Mexicans from across the political spectrum opposed him.
• Mexico remained unstable in the years that followed, as political, economic, and social ills
plagued the country.
Brazil
• Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal in 1807 did not set off a major uprising in Brazil, a Portuguese
colony.
• It did, however, cause a reversal in the relationship between the mother country and the
colony. The French army’s conquest of Portugal forced the nation’s royal family to flee to Brazil.
They arrived in the city of Rio de Janeiro in March 1808, along with thousands of members of
their court.
• The Portuguese ruler enacted economic reforms that pleased Brazil’s privileged class and helped
keep liberal-minded Brazilians in check. Brazil quickly became the political center of the
Portuguese empire. When the king finally returned to Portugal in 1821, he put his son, Dom Pedro,
in charge of the colony. The following year, faced with growing calls for political reform by
republicans, Dom Pedro declared Brazil’s independence.